DISEASES

WHAT IS DISEASE??

Disruption in the functioning of any tissue , organ or organ system is defined as a disease.

TYPES OF DISEASESInfectious DiseasesNon Infectious Diseases

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Diseases which spread from diseased person to healthy person by means of air, food, insects, physical contact etc. These are caused by microbes and other pathogens like bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoan etc.

INFECTIOUS DISEASES

NON INFECTIOUS DISEASE

Disease which do not spread from diseased person to healthy person is called non infectious disease. These are not caused any pathogen or living organism. They are mostly due too internal causes.

NON INFECTIOUS DISEASES

MALARIA

Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa. It is more common in Africa and Asia. It is estimated that about 300 million people are infected with malaria every year and more than 2 million die annually due to this disease.

MALARIA

CAUSES OF MALARIA…

Malaria is caused by the toxins produced in the human body the malarial parasite Plasmodium. Presence of malarial parasite can be checked by blood test.

CAUSES OF MALARIA

MODE OF TRANSMISSIONPlasmodium is transmitted by female Anopheles

mosquit0. When tis mosquito bites man to suck blood it introduces its saliva containing the malarial parasite into blood stream of the man.

MODE OFTRANSMISSION

SYMPTOMSMalarial attack is preceded by headache, nausea and muscular pain. Total period of malarial attack is of 6-10 hours and can be divided into 3 stages:

Cold Stage – Characterized by chill and shivering.

Hot Stage – Characterized by high fever (106’F), faster rate of breathing and heart beat.

Sweating Stage – It is characterized by lowering down of temperature to normal.

PREVENTION• Use of insect repellants to prevent mosquito.

• Wire gauzing of doors, windows, etc. to check the entry of mosquitoes.

• Killing of adult mosquitoes by spraying insecticides like D.D.T. and B.H.C.

• All the mosquito breeding places should be destroyed or covered or sprayed kerosene oil.

• Sleeping under mosquito nets.• Taking care of coolers, flower pots and

uncovered water to prevent breeding of mosquit0es.

PREVENTION

CONTROLA number of anti- malarial drugs are

available. The commonest anti- malarial drug is quinine (which is extracted from the bark of Cinchona tree.) Efforts are being made for the development of an anti- malarial vaccine.

CONTROL