momentum the world is filled with objects in motion. objects have many properties such as color,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Momentum• The world is filled with objects in
motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size,
and composition. One important property of an
object is its mass.
![Page 2: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Momentum• The mass of an object is the amount of
matter in the object.
• The SI unit for mass in the kilogram (kg),
• The weight of an object is related to the objects mass.
• Objects with more mass weigh more than objects with less mass.
![Page 3: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Momentum• A bowling ball has
more mass than a pillow, so it weighs more than a pillow.
• A pillow is larger than a bowling ball, but the bowling ball has more mass.
• The size of an object is not the same as the mass of an object.
![Page 4: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Momentum• Objects with different masses are different
in important ways.
• Think about what happens when you try to stop someone who is rushing toward you.
![Page 5: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Momentum• A small child is
easy to stop.
• A large football player is hard to stop.
![Page 6: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Inertia• The more mass an
object has, the harder it is to start it moving, slow it down, speed it up, or turn it.
• This tendency of an object to resist a change in motion is called inertia.
![Page 7: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Inertia• The more
mass an object has, the harder it is to start it moving.
![Page 8: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
InertiaThe more
mass an object has, the harder it is to slow it down.
![Page 9: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Inertia• The more
mass an object has, the harder it is to speed it up.
![Page 10: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Inertia• The more
mass an object has, the harder it is to turn it.
![Page 11: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Inertia• Remember that
the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion is called inertial.
![Page 12: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Inertia• Objects with
more mass have more inertia.
• The more mass an object has, the harder it is to change its motion.
![Page 13: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Momentum• The faster your
bicycle moves the harder it is to stop
• Increasing the speed or velocity of the object makes it harder to stop just like increasing the mass does also.
![Page 14: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Momentum• Momentum of an
object is a measure of how hard it is to stop the object.
• Momentum depends upon the objects mass and velocity.
![Page 15: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Momentum• Momentum Equation:
• Momentum is symbolized by p.
• momentum (kg · m/s) =
mass (kg) x velocity (m/s)
• p = mv
![Page 16: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Momentum• p = mv
• Mass is measured in kilograms and velocity has units of meters per second.
• (kg · m/s)
• Velocity includes direction, momentum has a direction that is the same as the direction of the velocity.
![Page 17: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Momentum• Applying Math• Calculate the momentum of a 14 kg
bicycle traveling north at 2 m/s. – Mass: m = 14 kg– Velocity: v = 2 m/s north
• Formula: momentum: p = kg· m/s
![Page 18: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Momentum
• p = mv = (14 kg) (2 m/s north) =
![Page 19: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Momentum• Answer:
–(14 kg) (2 m/s) = 28 kg .m/s north
![Page 20: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Momentum• Applying Math
–A 10,000 kg train is traveling east at 15m/s.
–Calculate the momentum of the train.
![Page 21: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Momentum
p = mv
![Page 22: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Momentum
Mass = 10,000 kg
Velocity = 15 m/s east
![Page 23: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Momentum
p = mv10,000 kg X 15 m/s east =
![Page 24: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Momentum
150,000 kg · m/s east
![Page 25: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Momentum• Applying Math
–What is the momentum of a car with a mass of 900 kg traveling north at 27 m/s.
![Page 26: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Momentum
p = mv
900kg X 27 m/s north =
![Page 27: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Momentum
24,300 kg · m/s north
![Page 28: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Momentum• Conservation of Momentum• The law of conservation of
momentum: –The total momentum of objects that
collide is the same before and after the collision.
![Page 29: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• According to the law of conservation of momentum; if one ball swings in then how many balls will swing out?
![Page 30: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• When the cue ball hits another ball, the motion of both balls change. The cue ball slows down and may change direction, so its momentum increases.
![Page 31: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• It seems as if momentum is transferred from the cue ball to the other ball.
• In fact, during the collision, the momentum lost by the cue ball was gained by the other ball.
![Page 32: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• Outside forces, such as gravity and friction are almost always acting on objects that are colliding.
• Sometimes these forces are small enough that they can be ignored.
• Then the law of conservation of momentum allows us to predict how motions of objects will change after a collision.
![Page 33: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• Sometimes objects that collide will bounce off of each other.
![Page 34: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• In some collisions objects will stick to each other after the collision.
• What would be an example of the above?
![Page 35: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• In some collisions the objects will stick to each other after the collision.
![Page 36: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• In both of these types of collisions, the law of conservation of momentum enables the speed of the objects after the collision to be calculated.
![Page 37: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• Sticking Together
• Imagine being on skates when someone throws a backpack to you.
![Page 38: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• When you catch the backpack, you and the backpack continue to move in the same direction as the backpack was moving before the collision.
![Page 39: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• The law of conservation of momentum can be used to find your velocity after you catch the backpack.
![Page 40: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Conservation of MomentumProblem
• Suppose a 2 kg backpack is tossed at a speed of 5 m/s. Your mass is 48 kg and initially you are at rest.
• Total momentum = momentum of backpack + your momentum
• = 2 kg X 5 m/s + 48 kg X 0 m/s
• = 10 kg · m/s
![Page 41: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Conservation of MomentumProblem
• After the collision, the total momentum remains the same, and only one object is moving. Its mass is the sum of your mass and the mass of the backpack.
• Use the equation for momentum to find the final velocity.
![Page 42: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Conservation of MomentumProblem
• Total momentum = (mass of backpack + your mass) X velocity
• 10 kg · m/s = (2 kg + 48 kg) X velocity
• 10 kg · m/s = (50 kg) X velocity
• 0.2 m/s = velocity
• This is the velocity right after you catch the backpack.
![Page 43: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
•As you continue to move on your skates, what force will act upon you?
![Page 44: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• Friction• The force of
friction between the ground and the skates slows you down.
![Page 45: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
1. Two objects of the same mass moving at the same speed collide head-on.
What happens?
![Page 46: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• Two objects of the same mass moving at the same speed collide head-on.
• They will rebound and move with the same speed in the opposite direction. The total momentum is zero before and after the collision.
![Page 47: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
2. A less massive object strikes a more massive object that is at rest.
What happens?
![Page 48: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
. A less massive object strikes a more massive object that is at rest.
• After the collision, the smaller object bounces off in the opposite direction. The larger object moves in the same direction that the small object was initially moving.
•
![Page 49: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
3. A large object strikes a smaller object that is at rest. (Lets pretend that the small object is at rest.)
What happens?
![Page 50: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• After the collision, both objects move in the same direction.
• The less massive object always moves faster than the more massive one.
![Page 51: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
Colliding and Bouncing Off
• In some collisions, the objects involved, like bumper cars bounce off each other.
![Page 52: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• The law of conservation of momentum can be used to determine how these objects move after they collide.
• Two identical objects moving with the same speed collide head-on and bounce off.
• Question: What is the total momentum before the collision?
![Page 53: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum
• Before the collision the momentum of each object is the same, but in opposite directions.
• The total momentum before the collision is zero.
• What is the total momentum after the collision?
![Page 54: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum• After the collision, the
total momentum must also be zero.
• This means that the two objects must move in opposite directions with the same speed after the collision
• The total momentum is zero.
![Page 55: Momentum The world is filled with objects in motion. Objects have many properties such as color, size, and composition. One important property of an object](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062322/56649f155503460f94c2af6f/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Conservation of Momentum