mollie mahany, mph senior public health advisor centers for disease control and prevention 1
TRANSCRIPT
Mollie Mahany, MPHSenior Public Health Advisor
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
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Definition of a natural disaster
A disaster that is caused by
naturally-occurring hazards
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Classes of natural disasters Hydro- meteorological
FloodsStorm surgesWindstormsWildfiresHeat wavesDust stormsSnowstorms
GeologicalEarthquakesTsunamisVolcanic LandslidesAvalanches
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Biological• Epidemics• Pandemics
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NATURAL
Geological Hydro-meteorological
Seismic Volcanic
High precipitation
Low precipitation
Earth-quake
Tsunami Volcanic eruption
Land-slide
Tropical Cyclone
Flood Drought Wildfire
Keim 2010
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The incidence of natural disasters is increasing worldwide (1900-2005)
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Top 4 causes of death due to disasters in the Pacific
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TsunamisCyclonesFloodsLandslides
Most disaster deaths occur BEFORE emergency response
HazardHazard Cause of deathCause of death
Tsunami Severe trauma and drowning
Cyclones Drowning
Floods Drowning
Landslides Severe trauma
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Vulnerability to natural disasters
95% of natural disaster deaths occur among 66% of the poorest countries
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Public health consequences of natural disasters
DeathInjuriesLoss of clean waterLoss of shelterLoss of personal
household goodsMajor population
movementsLoss of sanitationLoss of routine hygieneDisruption of solid
waste management
Public concern for safetyIncreased pests & vectorsDamage to health care
systemWorsening of chronic
illnessesLoss of electricityToxic/ hazardous exposureLoss of food supply
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Consequence Earthquake TsunamiVolcanic eruption
LandslideTropical Cyclone
Flood Drought Wildfire
Deaths Many ManyFew to
moderateFew to
moderate
Few, but many in
poor nations
Few, but many in
poor nations
Few, but many in
poor nationsFew
Severe injuries Many ManyFew to
moderateFew to
moderateFew Few Unlikely Few
Loss of clean water
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Widespread Focal
Loss of shelterFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal
Loss of personal / household
goods
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal
Major population movements
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal
Loss of routine hygiene
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadWidespread Focal
Loss of sanitation
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal
Focal
Disruption of solid waste
mgt
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal Focal
Public concern for safety
High High HighModerate to
HighHigh
Moderate to High
Low to moderate
Moderate to High
Increased pests
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Unlikely UnlikelyFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadUnlikely
Loss or damage of health care
system
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal
Focal to widespread
Worsening of chronic illnesses
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadWidespread
Focal to widespread
Loss of electrical
power
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
Focal to widespread
FocalFocal to
widespreadFocal to
widespreadFocal Unlikely
Toxic exposures
Few to moderate for CO poisoning
Few to moderate for CO poisoning
Widespread for air, soil and surface
water
Focal
Few to moderate
for CO poisoning
Few to moderate
for CO poisoning
FocalWidespread
for air
Food scarcity Focal Focal Focal Focal
Common in low-lying coastal areas
Focal to widespread
Widespread in poor nations
Focal
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So, how do we reduce health risk?Reduce exposures
Identify the hazardMonitor the
hazardProvide early
warning Evacuate people
at risk
Reduce vulnerabilityPromote health and
educationStrengthen public
health and healthcareProtect key resources
Livelihoods, shelter, food, water, sanitation14
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