moles, avogadro’s number and molar mass converting moles to molecules, atoms, and particles
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Moles, Avogadro’s Moles, Avogadro’s Number and Molar MassNumber and Molar Mass
Converting moles to Converting moles to molecules, atoms, and molecules, atoms, and
particlesparticles
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Can anyone define the Can anyone define the term mole?term mole?
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MoleMole
SI unit used to measure the amount SI unit used to measure the amount of a substanceof a substance
equal to 6.02 x 10equal to 6.02 x 102323 atoms, atoms, molecules, or particlesmolecules, or particles Avogadro’s numberAvogadro’s number
Abbreviated by molAbbreviated by mol
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Avogadro’s NumberAvogadro’s Number
6.02 X 106.02 X 102323
Used to count extremely small particles Used to count extremely small particles
Named in honor of Italian physicist Named in honor of Italian physicist Amedeo AvogardoAmedeo Avogardo
Determined the volume of one mole of a gasDetermined the volume of one mole of a gas
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ConversionsConversions
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Mole Mole Molecules, Atoms, or Molecules, Atoms, or Particles Particles
In order to convert moles to In order to convert moles to molecules atoms, or particles, you molecules atoms, or particles, you have to have to MULTIPLY the number of moles by Avogadro’s number (6.02 x 6.02 x 10102323)
Example: How many atoms are there in 4.0 moles?
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How many atoms are there in 4.0 How many atoms are there in 4.0 moles?moles?
Moles Moles Atoms…MULTIPLY BY Atoms…MULTIPLY BY AVOGADRO’S NUMBERAVOGADRO’S NUMBER
2.4 x 1024 atoms
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Molecules, Atoms, or Particles Molecules, Atoms, or Particles MolesMoles
In order to convert molecules, atoms, In order to convert molecules, atoms, or particles to moles, you have to or particles to moles, you have to DIVIDE the number of moles by Avogadro’s number (6.02 x 106.02 x 102323)
Example: How many moles are there in 7.14 x 102323 molecules?
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How many moles are there in 7.14 How many moles are there in 7.14 x 10x 102323 molecules? molecules?
Molecules Molecules Moles…DIVIDE BY Moles…DIVIDE BY AVOGADRO’S NUMBERAVOGADRO’S NUMBER
1.19 moles
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PracticePractice
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How many molecules are there in How many molecules are there in 3.5 moles?3.5 moles?
Moles Moles Molecules…MULTIPLY BY Molecules…MULTIPLY BY AVOGADRO’S NUMBERAVOGADRO’S NUMBER
2.11 x 1024 molecules
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How many particles are there in 9.6 How many particles are there in 9.6 moles?moles?
Moles Moles Particles…MULTIPLY BY Particles…MULTIPLY BY AVOGADRO’S NUMBERAVOGADRO’S NUMBER
5.78 x 1024 particles
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How many moles are there in 5.75 How many moles are there in 5.75 x 10x 102424 atoms? atoms?
Atoms Atoms Moles…DIVIDE BY Moles…DIVIDE BY AVOGADRO’S NUMBERAVOGADRO’S NUMBER
9.55 moles
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How many moles are there in 3.58 How many moles are there in 3.58 x 10x 102323 particles? particles?
Molecules Molecules Moles…DIVIDE BY Moles…DIVIDE BY AVOGADRO’S NUMBERAVOGADRO’S NUMBER
0.59 moles
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End Day 1End Day 1
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Molar MassMolar Mass
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Molar MassMolar Mass
the mass in grams of one mole of the mass in grams of one mole of any pure substanceany pure substance
In other words, the molar mass of In other words, the molar mass of any element is equivalent to the any element is equivalent to the atomic mass of that elementatomic mass of that element
in units of grams per mole; g/molin units of grams per mole; g/mol
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Calculating Molar MassCalculating Molar Mass
- To calculate the molar mass of a - To calculate the molar mass of a substance, you add the atomic mass substance, you add the atomic mass of every element in the compound of every element in the compound
The total atomic mass is the molar mass The total atomic mass is the molar mass of the substance. of the substance.
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ExampleExample
What is the molar mass of N?What is the molar mass of N?
Step 1: determine the atomic massStep 1: determine the atomic massN: 14N: 14
Step 2: add unitsStep 2: add unitsg/molg/mol
molar mass = 14 g/molmolar mass = 14 g/mol
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ExampleExample
What is the molar mass of COWhat is the molar mass of CO22??
Step 1: determine the mass of each elementStep 1: determine the mass of each elementC: 12C: 12O: 16 X 2O: 16 X 2
Step 2: add the masses to get the total atomic massStep 2: add the masses to get the total atomic mass12+16+16=4412+16+16=44
Step 3: add unitsStep 3: add unitsg/molg/mol
Molar mass = 44 g/molMolar mass = 44 g/mol
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PracticePractice What is the molar mass of NaCl?What is the molar mass of NaCl?
58.5 g/mol58.5 g/mol
What is the molar mass of HWhat is the molar mass of H33O?O?
19 g/mol19 g/mol
What is the molar mass of HWhat is the molar mass of H22SOSO44??
98 g/mol98 g/mol
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ENDEND
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Mole Mole Gram Gram ConversionsConversions
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ReviewReview MoleMole
SI unit used to measure the amount of a SI unit used to measure the amount of a substancesubstance
Abbreviate by molAbbreviate by mol
Molar massMolar mass
total atomic mass of every element in the total atomic mass of every element in the compoundcompound
Units: g/molUnits: g/mol
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What is the molar mass of NHWhat is the molar mass of NH33? ?
Step 1: determine the mass of each Step 1: determine the mass of each elementelement N: 14N: 14 H:1 X 3H:1 X 3
Step 2: total the massesStep 2: total the masses 14+3=1714+3=17
Step 3: attach the unitsStep 3: attach the units 17g/mol17g/mol
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Mole Mole Gram Conversions Gram Conversions
When given the number of moles, When given the number of moles, MULTIPLYMULTIPLY by the molar mass of the by the molar mass of the substance. substance.
What is the mass of 5 moles of HWhat is the mass of 5 moles of H22O?O?
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What is the mass of 5.O moles of What is the mass of 5.O moles of HH22O?O?
Step 1: Write the givenStep 1: Write the given
Step 2: Multiply by molar massStep 2: Multiply by molar mass
Step 3: Cancel the unitsStep 3: Cancel the units
Step 4: SolveStep 4: Solve
90 grams H90 grams H22OO
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Gram Gram Mole Conversions Mole Conversions
When given the number of moles, When given the number of moles, DIVIDEDIVIDE by the molar mass of the by the molar mass of the substance. substance.
How many moles are equivalent to How many moles are equivalent to 50g N?50g N?
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How many moles are equivalent to How many moles are equivalent to 50g N?50g N?
Step 1: Write the givenStep 1: Write the given
Step 2: Divide by the molar massStep 2: Divide by the molar mass
Step 3: Cancel the unitsStep 3: Cancel the units
Step 4: SolveStep 4: Solve
3.57 moles N3.57 moles N
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Practice Practice
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What is the mass of …What is the mass of … 2.22 mol Ti2.22 mol Ti
106 g Ti106 g Ti
1.22 X 101.22 X 102323 mol Ag mol Ag
1.32 X 101.32 X 102525 g Ag g Ag
4.5 mol H4.5 mol H22SOSO44
441 g H441 g H22SOSO44
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How many moles are consumed How many moles are consumed in…in…
5.62 g Kr5.62 g Kr
0.0669 mol Kr0.0669 mol Kr
55 g As55 g As
0.73 mol As0.73 mol As
7.5 g NaCl7.5 g NaCl
0.128 mol NaCl0.128 mol NaCl
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End Day 2End Day 2
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Particles Particles Gram Conversions Gram Conversions
Remember, particles, atoms, and Remember, particles, atoms, and molecules are all the samemolecules are all the same
To convert particles to grams…To convert particles to grams… 11stst: convert particles to moles: convert particles to moles 22ndnd: convert moles to grams: convert moles to grams
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ReviewReview
When converting from moles to When converting from moles to atoms, molecules, or particles, you atoms, molecules, or particles, you must MULTIPLY by Avogadro’s must MULTIPLY by Avogadro’s number.number.
When converting atoms, particles, or When converting atoms, particles, or molecules to moles, you must DIVIDE molecules to moles, you must DIVIDE by Avogadro’s number. by Avogadro’s number.
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What is the mass of 2.5 X 10What is the mass of 2.5 X 1023 23
atoms of Hatoms of H22O?O? Step 1: convert atoms to molesStep 1: convert atoms to moles
Step 2: convert moles to gramsStep 2: convert moles to grams
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Grams Grams Particles Conversions Particles Conversions
Once again, remember particles, Once again, remember particles, atoms, and molecules are all the atoms, and molecules are all the samesame
To convert grams to particles…To convert grams to particles… 11stst: grams to moles: grams to moles 22ndnd: convert moles to particles: convert moles to particles
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How many molecules are in 4.5 g How many molecules are in 4.5 g C?C?
Step 1: Convert grams to molesStep 1: Convert grams to moles
Step 2: Convert moles to molecules Step 2: Convert moles to molecules
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PracticePractice
How many grams are in 5.0 X 10How many grams are in 5.0 X 102424 atoms atoms of K?of K?
What is the mass of 8.5 X 10What is the mass of 8.5 X 102323 molecules molecules of NHof NH22??
How many particles are in 3.75 g Ca?How many particles are in 3.75 g Ca?
How many molecules are in 96 g HBrHow many molecules are in 96 g HBr22??
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PracticePractice
On your own, work pg. 347: On your own, work pg. 347:
101-103101-103