molecular cell biology fifth edition chapter 5: biomembranes and cell architecture copyright © 2004...
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Molecular Cell BiologyFifth Edition
Chapter 5:Biomembranes and Cell Architecture
Copyright © 2004 by W. H. Freeman & Company
Harvey Lodish • Arnold Berk • Paul Matsudaira • Chris A. Kaiser • Monty Krieger • Matthew P. Scott •
Lawrence Zipursky • James Darnell
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Plasma membrane
1. Affect shape and function
2. Anchor protein to the membrane
3. Modify membrane protein activities
4. Transducing signals to the cytoplasm
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Lipid Bilayer
1. Impermeable barrier prevent diffusion of water soluble solute
2. Membrane protein mediate transport of specific molecule
3. Maintained by hydrophobic interaction
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Van der waal interaction between membranes
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RBC
Smooth and flexible
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Long , slender extension
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Multiple layers of modified plasma membrane: formed by adjacent glial cells
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The faces of cellular membrane
1. Internal faces
surface orient toward the interior of the compartment
2. External faces
the surface presented to the environment
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Chloroplast in plants
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磷酸甘油酯
Acyl group:
c16 or c18,
0, 1 or 2 double bond
i.e.plasminogen
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鞘酯 sphingomyelin
glucosylcerobroside
choline head膽鹼
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Four ring hydrocarbon
amphipathic
Hydrocarbon chain
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FRAP:
Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching
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Most lipids and proteins are laterally mobile in biomembrane
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Lipid composition influence physical properties
of membrane:
1. Different composition of organs
2. Specialized membrane function
i.e. apical surface if intestinal lumen sphingolipids: phosphoglycerides: cholesterol
basolateral 0.5 1 1
apical 1 1 1
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Long saturated fatty acyl chain
heat
3. Affects membrane fluity
a. short C-H chain are more fluid
b. kinks in C-H: less stable
Decreased thickness
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4. Influence thickness of membrane
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5. Local curvature
Larger head
Smaller head
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bilayer enriched with PC in the exoplasmic leaflet and with PE in the cytoplasmic face would cause the natural curvature
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Membrane asymmetry Affects:
1. Enzyme cleavage
phospholipase cleaves phospholipids at
exoplasmic sides
cytosolic sides are resist to phospholipase
cleavage
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Cleave phospholipid at cytosolic side
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2. Membrane based functions
i.e. signal transduction pathway of
Cleavage by phospholipase C
phosphotidyl inositol
PI + Diacylglycerol( DAG)
Activation of signal transduction pathway
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i.e. phosphotidyl serine
stimulation of platelate by serum
translocate to exoplasmic face
activate enzyme for blood clotting
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Lipid Raft
micro domain of cholesterol, sphingolipids and certain membrane protein
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GM1: glycosphingolipids
PLAP: placental alkaline phosphatase
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TfR: transferrin receptor
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Three categories of membrane protein
1. Integral membrane protein( transmembrane
protein)
a. exoplasmic domain
cytosolic domainhydrophilic
b. Membrane spanning domain: hydrophobic
c. glycosylated
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2. Lipid anchored membrane protein
covalently bound to lipid
3. Peripheral membrane protein
bound to membrane by interaction with
integral membrane protein
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Glycophorin A: a typical single pass transmembrane protein
-helices
Binding of Arg or Lys to negatively charged head of phospholipid
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-helices:
20-25 hydrophobic amino acids
Interact with fattyacyl of lipid by van- der-waals
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G protein:
7-multipass bacteriorhodopsin
retinal
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Porin
Trimric tramsmembrane
protein
Barrel shape subunit with ß-
sheet wall and hydrophilic
center
aliphatic and aromatic side
chain position the protein on
the membrane
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Anchoring of plasma membrane proteins to the
bilayer by covalently linked hydrocarbon group
1. anchor by fatty acyl group
2. Anchor by unsaturated fatty acid to cyctein at or near C terminal
3. GPI anchoring
lipid anchor on membrane is glycosyl phosphotidyl inositol( GPI)
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Gly Cys
C14 or C16 C15 or C20
Glycosylphosphosphatidylinositolsugar
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All transmembrane proteins and glycolipids are asymetrically oriented in the bilayer
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Motility of membrane protein
1. Float freely
2. Immobile
3. Anchored by cytoskeletal protein
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PH ( pleckstrin homology domain)
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Interfacial binding surface and mechanism of action of phospholipase A2
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Effects of external ion concentration on water flowacross the plasma membrane of an animal cells
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