Molecular Biotechnology Development and Its Implications In National Veterinary Services of Nepal

Dr. Banshi SharmaSenior Veterinary Officer, CVL

Vision of National Veterinary Services

• National veterinary services should be able to handle the outbreak of emerging diseases with prompt diagnosis, treatment and containment of the disease on the site of emergence.

• The rules and regulation of veterinary services should be harmonized with the guidelines of OIE.

• Laboratory services should be strengthened.

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Veterinary and zoonotic important diseases should be sorted out and program disease should be prepared.Production of Vaccines for economic and zoonotic important diseases in country to safeguard stakeholders' need.

Objectives of Animal Health Services

Early detection and control of TADs and publication of their containment guidelines based on internationally accepted scientific data.Laboratory services should be available to cater farmers' need.Laboratory will function according to SOPs.

Contd.

Economically important disease vaccine production, disease control strategy is primarily responsible of DAH.Quality control lab, veterinary public health and transboundary animal disease program will be updated to cope with present and future need.

Introduction:

Nepal is 146 th member of WTO & OIE.Important for trade of livestock and its products.Diagnostic services for early detection of diseases.Vaccine production for immunization of livestock and poultry birds for sustainable economic growth.

Organization of A.H.D.

Directorate of Animal HealthBiological Products LaboratoryRabies Vaccine Production LaboratoryCentral Veterinary LaboratoryFMD and TAD’s LaboratoryVeterinary Epidemiology Centre

Contd.

Veterinary Public HealthCentral Veterinary HospitalVeterinary Standard and Drug Administration officeCentral Quarantine Office

CVL objective

Acquire, adopt, upgrade and disseminate different diagnostic test methodologies for animal and poultry diseases.Capacity building of veterinarians and para-vets by organizing trainings on laboratory techniques.

Central Veterinary Laboratory National Avian Laboratory Regional Veterinary Laboratories Basic Laboratories

Location of CVL, NAL, RVLs and Basic Laboratories (Nepal)

Central Veterinary Laboratory, Kathmandu

Organization Chart

CENTRAL VETERINARY LABORATORY

Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Janakpur

Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Biratnagar

Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Pokhara

Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Surkhet

Regional Veterinary Laboratory, Dhangadhi

National Avian Laboratory, Chitwan

Disease Diagnosis Services

DLS has 5 RVLs1 NADL1 CVL

– All these laboratories are capable to cater basic diagnostic services for commonly occurring livestock and poultry diseases.

Major Works

MicrobiologyBacteriology & Mycology

Isolation and identification of bacteriaIsolation and identification of fungus

Major Works

VirologySurveillance and diagnosis of Avian InfluenzaIsolation & characterization of NDVIsolation & identification of MDVDiagnosis of rabies

Major Works

Molecular BiologyIdentification of AIIdentification of TB

SerologySero-monitoring of RP & PPRSero-monitoring of Poultry diseases & brucellosis

Tissue CulturePathologyIdentification of Tuberculosis in elephant.Post mortem, Tissue processing for Histopathology.

Teaching LabTraining of vets and para-vets

Biochemistry & HaematologyBiochemistry of serumCalcium, Phosphorus, sugar test etcBlood Parameter

Organization Chart

CENTRAL VETERINARY LABORATORY

Teaching LabParasitology

unit

Biochemistry unit

Planning

Microbiology

Tissue culture Lab unit

Serology unit

Molecular Biology

Administration

Pathology unit

Diagnostic Services at CVL

SN Sample type No. of Samples

1 Post mortem 720

2 Sample for rapid test 309

3 Sample for AI 51524 Microbiological samples 5815 Poultry farm Water sample 20

6 Fungal culture 37Total Samples 6819

Sample test results at CVL

SN Sample type No. of Samples

1 ND 3232 IBD 325

3 Mycoplasma 2254 Salmonella 1215 E. Coli 3136 MD 157 IB 281

Tracheal Swab

Surveillance Program on Avian Influenza

Diagnostic services

Molecular biology labRT-PCRTraditional PCRReal time PCR (pipe line)Agar gel Immuno-diffusion test

Immuno-blottingIndirect ELISAPlate agglutination testHA/HI testRapid diagnostic kit tests

Vaccine production history

1961: Initially Veterinary Investigation Laboratory established at Tripureshwar. – At the same time this laboratory was producing Goat

Tissue Vaccine (GTV) to conduct the RinderpestEradication Program.

1968: poultry vaccines production initiated -Newcastle disease and Fowl Pox.

1971: Biological Product Division established with the realization of the necessity of a separate institution for the veterinary vaccines production – Now known as CBPL

History of poultry vaccine production

SN Name of vaccine Production Year

1 ND(Mukteswar and F strain)

1968

2 Fowl Pox 1968

3 ND (La Sota) 1998

4 IBD (Gumboro) 1998

5 ND I-2 under production

Till 1985: vaccines produced in small volume for limited disease only. After 1985: Capacity enhanced– addition of new machines and equipment – Significant improvement in the quality and

quantity of vaccines produced.

Introduction of SPF eggs

Till 1997: all the poultry vaccines were produced from the fertile eggs from local hatcheries.After 1997: Introduction of SPF eggs for vaccine production with the financial support from SVSLDC project of EU.

Biological Production Laboratory (CBPL):

S. N. Name of Vaccine Achievement(in thousands doses)

1 ND- F strain 9769

2 ND- R2B strain 2090

3 IBD Live 5658

4 Fowl Pox 3740

5 Hyper Immune Sera 50

CPBL Achievements….

S. N. Name of Vaccine Achievement(in thousands doses)

6 PPR 1919

7 HS, BQ, And HS & BQ 858

8 Swine fever 75

9 HS Aerosol 25

Annual Average Vaccines Production

9769.0

2090.0

5658.0

3740.0

50.0

1919.0

858.075.0 25.0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

ND- F strain ND- R2Bstrain

IBD Live Fowl Pox HyperImmune

Sera

PPR HS, BQ, AndHS & BQ

Swine fever HS Aeroso

Name of Vaccines

Ach

ieve

men

t (in

thou

sand

dos

es)

Till late 80s: all the vaccines produced by CBPL were distributed to the farmers free of cost. From 1989: nominal revenue fixed for all the vaccines. At Present: appointment of stockiest in different regions of the country to promote the sale and distribution.

Distribution of Vaccines from CBPL

Stockiest

CBPL

DLSOs

National ProgrammesDAH

NGO/INGOs

Farmers

Rabies Vaccine Production Lab

Tissue culture rabies vaccine for animal use.Presently this lab produces 20,000 doses / year.The lab is strengthened by the cooperation of JICA/ WHO.Currently research is going on for producing tissue culture rabies vaccine for human use.Japanese expert has been working in the lab.

FMD and TAD’s lab

Virus typing of FMD.TAD’s diseases focus on such as blue tongue.Responsible for preparing FMD Control Strategy.

Veterinary Standards and Drug Administration Office

Veterinary drug act is in cabinet.Regulatory program and supervision on veterinary services and veterinary inspection. Preparing of different standards for strengthening veterinary services.

Veterinary Public Health

Zoonotic disease awareness campaign had been conducting by Veterinary Public Health.Key role for awareness in meat inspection activities.

Veterinary Epidemiology Centre

Major animal disease reporting to OIE.There has been trimester reporting of disease situation of Nepal to OIE. VEC publishes its reporting 2 times in a year.FMD, PPR, Rabies, HS and internal parasites such as liver flukes are some of important disease in animal.

On Going Projects

Avian Influenza FAO /USAID / STOP-AIAvian Influenza Control Project (WB)

Present Issues on livestock and poultry diseases

Continual threat of Avian Influenza.Bio-security and disease prevention.Poor animal and poultry production system.Service delivery and its linkage with government system.Prompt diagnostic facilities and biotechnology tools in RVLs.

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Availability of inputs -its qualityFarm registration and statisticsLivestock and poultry market ,slaughter house and meat inspection.

Recommendations

Disease monitoring system with molecular diagnostic technology shall be enhanced.There must be research tie up with different institute regarding epidemiology of disease.Sharing of information on biotechnology between institutes.Coordinated approach on disease eradication effort with SAARC regions such as HPAI.

Veterinary services should be strengthened in accordance with OIE guidelines.Biological Products Laboratory will produced under GLP after completion of new laboratory building.BSL-3 lab will be established to diagnosis emerging diseases such as HPAI. WB and AICP.

Collaboration on research work.Networking on similar work group.Public private partnership in disease diagnosis.Human resource development and provision of getting skilled manpower in right place.Establishment of genome research centre.