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54 October 2007

Fatten up your field

Q I heard you talk about increasing thatchto benefit fields during a Midwest

bull Chapter STMA meeting Can youexplain the benefits of this and indicate

bull how to actually increase this layer espe-dall) in high traffic areas

Chicago

A Fields that have up to a half inch of thatch have moretolerance of wear and recover faster from traffic Theincreased layer of biomass adds cushion to the field andseparates players from the soil below (see htlplturfgrasshortiastate edu extension grasstrafflcsystem pdf)

Keeping players from contacting soil will reduce phys-ical breakdown of soil structure (soil aggregates) that leadsto soil compaction The thatchmatbiomass layer extendsapproximately one inch below the sale of a shoe when anathlete steps onto a field Possible components in this zonecan consist of green shoots and stems often referred to asverdure by turf scientists living crowns and roots deadand decaying shoots crowns and roots and soil

In the worst case scenario on highly trafficked fieldsthis zone below a playerfs foot will contain only compact-ed soil with no biomass fields that have the best chanceof tolerating traffic will have a distinct layer of biomassover the soil (thatch) or mixed into the soil (mat) Eitherway the layer separates the players cleats from the areathat is distinctly soil below There are four specific man-agement strategies for cool season fields aimed at makingbiomass (plant parts) faster than it is destroyed by playersor soil organisms

1) Plant plants - If soil is exposed then turf density is notmaximized Seeding frequently and at higher than normalseeding rates has been catching on as a means of developmiddoting plants that can later develop biomass

2) Grow plants faster to make more shoots crownsstems and roots by fertilizing more with nitrogen -Biomass increases when plant parts accumulate faster thanthey are destroyed or breakdown Apply a maximum ofO75lbs NlOOO sqft growing month to stimulate growthon fields that have no visible thatch Approximately filbsNlOOO sqft can be used with a growing season from Aprilthrough November

3) Limit organisms that break down thatch We have anextremely active earthworm population in my home stateof Iowa and consequently most high school football fieldsare completely devoid of any thatch This is somewhat con-troversial since we know that worms are a wonderful andnatural method of aerifying soils and reducing compaction

If we put the horse before the cart our problem is not com-paction instead it is keeping turf cover in the center of hightraffic football fields Thus it is logical to reduce wormactivity as a means of increasing thatch build-up especiallywhere it is needed There are no pesticides specificallylabeled for worm control since they are usually thought ofas beneficial for soil productivity Carbaryl (Sevin) is a gen-eral use insecticide that is known to suppress earth wormsfor 30 days

4) Mow shorter and more frequently to maximize thenumber of shoots per square inch Again this is somewhatcontroversial since we have been trained to develop deeproots with taller mowing Deep roots are not problem inirrigated turf If you are in a non-irrigated situation thenshorter and more frequent mowing is not recommendedfor your field since it can lead to shallower rooting and lessdrought tolerance

Ill pick on the high schools again since I often observethem mowing tall (often 4 inches or more) and infrequent(often once every 2 weeks) during the summer off-seasonsince the field is not being used for games When Augustrolls around the mowing height is lowered to 2 inches inpreparation for the upcoming football season This mowingscenario creates the minimum turf densiry at the beginningof the football season

Instead select the game condition mowing height anddo not raise it during the off-season It may be vacation forthe team but you need to keep working the field at thegame ready mowing height to build density before the firstgame in the fall At the high school level I prefer a z-mchmowing height mowed m-ice per week

Have you ever noticed that highly maintained turf withshort and frequent mowing usually produces thatch fasterHere is a strategy that will maximize your turf density justbefore the playing season Start mowing in the spring aslow as possible based on your mower type and budget It isbest to mow just before green-up occurs to avoid scalpingoff too much new growth Mowing three times a week ataround I inch will maximize shoot density Then raise theheight to 2 inches in early August just in time to start theplaying season with maximum turf density and hopefully alittle more biomass to make the field play better and wearlonger This should not be attempted if you are not in aposition to control weeds irrigate and apply a timely fun-gicide should disease occur

Remember your job is to keep the players off of the soiland out of the mud bull

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