mohamed kamar :fish id project

Fish Identification Research Project Mohamed Kamar

Fish ID Project

By: Mohamed Kamar


Title : Saltwater Species # 1 Common Name: Blue Shark Scientific Name: Prionace glauce Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chonrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes

Family: Carcharhinidae

Geography / Habitat: Blue sharks inhabit the epipelagic and mesopelagic zones in water temperatures ranging between 12 and 20°C. they are mainly found in pelagic, open-ocean waters, they may sometimes be found closer to shore in the neritic zone, near the edge of continental shelves Food / Feed Strategy: They primarily feed upon non-active, gelatinous, mesopelagic/bathypelagic cephalopods such as blanket octopus , bathyscaphoid squids, and pelagic octopus . Prey also includes small schooling fishes, such as long-snouted lancetfish , snake mackerel , and castor oil fish

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_shark http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Prionace_glauca/

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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Prionace_glauca/�


Title :Salt Water Species # 2 Common Name: Great White shark Scientific Name: Carcharodon carcharias Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Lamniformes

Family: Lamnidae

Geography / Habitat: The geographic range of great white sharks is extremely wide. From 60°N latitude to 60°S latitude, they can be found in all cold temperate and tropical coastal waters. Great white sharks can be found in coastal waters along central California and off the western cape of South Africa. They have also been reported in North American coastal waters from Newfoundland to Florida and from Alaska to Southern Mexico. Food / Feed Strategy: Young great white sharks typically feed on smaller species such as squid and stingrays, as well as other small sharks. As these fish mature their appetites change. The diet of adults consists primarily of seals, sealions, dolphins, and whale carcasses. One of the most frequent prey animals of great white sharks are elephant seals. Sometimes they feed on turtles and various sea birds.


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_white_shark http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Carcharodon_carcharias/

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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Carcharodon_carcharias/�


Title :Salt water Species # 3 Common Name: Nurse Shark Scientific Name: Ginglymostoma cirratum Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chindrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes

Family: Ginglymostomatidae

Geography / Habitat: Nurse sharks live in warm waters. They range from the Eastern Pacific Ocean, Eastern and Western Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean. Nurse sharks live off of sandy beaches, mud and sand flats, and from the intertidal zone on coral and rocky reefs to depths of 70 meters. Food / Feed Strategy: Nurse sharks eat a variety of foods. Their diet includes small fishes, shrimps, octopus, sea snails, crabs, lobsters, squid, sea urchin, and corals.

● Body Form or Style: Depressed form ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: inferior

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_shark

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Ginglymostoma_cirratum/

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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Ginglymostoma_cirratum/�


Title : Salt Water Species # 4 Common Name: Tiger Sahrk Scientific Name: Galeocerdo cuvier

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Carcharhiniformes

Family: Carcharhinidae

Geography / Habitat: Tiger Sharks can be found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans in temperate and tropical waters. They are found in warm seas, except for the eastern Pacific. They occur from the Gulf of Maine to Argentina in the western Atlantic, the coast of Europe to north Africa in the eastern Atlantic, in the Mediterranean sea, from Australia to Japan in the west Pacific, and off the coasts of South Africa Food / Feed Strategy: Tiger sharks have a range of prey, including bony fish, rays, lobsters, crabs, squid, and other small sharks. Tiger sharks sometimes hunt cooperatively, chasing fish into small groups and then attacking them. Grey nurse sharks, like other sharks, have been known to attack at random during feeding frenzies, where a large number of prey is found together. In feeding frenzies sharks rely heavily on their electroreceptors, attacking everything in close vicinity.

● Body Form or Style: Depressed form ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_shark

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Galeocerdo_cuvier/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_shark�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Galeocerdo_cuvier/�


Title : Salt water Species #5 Common Name: Whale shark Scientific Name: Rhincodon typus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Chondrichthyes Order: Orectolobiformes

Family: Rhincodontidae

Geography / Habitat: Whale sharks are a highly migratory, pelagic species distributed throughout the world's tropical seas, typically being found between 30°N and 35°S latitude and occasionally as high as 41°N and 36.5°S. Nearly every coastal nation within these latitudes has recorded whale sharks in its waters. They are known to inhabit both deep and shallow coastal waters of subtropical zones and lagoons of coral atolls and reefs. This species can regularly be found in the offshore waters of Australia, Belize, Ecuador, Mexico, the Philippines, and South Africa. Food / Feed Strategy: Whale sharks are known to prey on a range of planktonic and small nektonic organisms that are spatiotemporally patchy. These include krill, crab larvae, jellyfish, sardines, anchovies, mackerels, small tunas, and squid. Whale sharks are able to feed by suction, ram-feeding, and active surface ram-feeding. In ram filter feeding, the fish swims forward at constant speed with its mouth partially or fully open, straining prey particles from the water by forward propulsion. This is also called ‘passive feeding’, as there is little if any pumping of the gills. This type of feeding usually occurs when prey is present at low density.


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_shark http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Rhincodon_typus/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale_shark�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Rhincodon_typus/�


Title : Salt Water Species # 6 Common Name: Atlantic Blue Marlin Scientific Name: Makaira Nigricans Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes

Family: Istiophoridae

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic Blue Marlin is distributed mainly in the tropical and temperate waters of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. It is the most tropical of all billfishes. In the Atlantic Ocean, its range extends to around 40-45N in the North Atlantic and to 40S in the western Atlantic, 30S in the central South Atlantic and 35S in the eastern south Atlantic, but is absent from the Mediterranean Sea. Food / Feed Strategy: Atlantic Blue Marlin is an apex predator. Often, it approaches a school of fish or invertebrates at full speed, slashes through with its bill, then returns to devour the stunned or dead prey. It for ages mostly in the near-surface waters, but the presence of benthic and demersal species in its stomach indicates it also feeds near the bottom. It consumes a large variety of prey species of different sizes and morphology from various trophic levels.


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_blue_marlin http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Makaira_nigricans/

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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Makaira_nigricans/�


Title : Salt Water Species # 7 Common Name: Atlantic bluefin tuna Scientific Name: Thunnus thynnus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Scombridae

Geography / Habitat: Bluefin tuna are distributed throughout the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in subtropical and temperate waters. In the western Atlantic Ocean, they are found from Labrador, in Canada, to northern Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico. In the eastern Atlantic Ocean, they are found from Norway to the Canary Islands. In the western Pacific Ocean, they are found from Japan to the Philippines. In the eastern Pacific Ocean, they are found from the southern coast of Alaska to Baja California, Mexico. Food / Feed Strategy: Bluefin tuna chase down their prey using their ability to swim at very high speeds. They can also use modified filter feeding to catch small, slow moving organisms. They have also been known to eat kelp. They form feeding aggregations throughout the Atlantic and Pacific outside of the spawning season. Very little feeding occurs during spawning season.


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Thunnus_thynnus/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_bluefin_tuna�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Thunnus_thynnus/�


Title : Salt water Species # 8 Common Name: Clown Anemone fish Scientific Name: Amphiprion ocellaris Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Pomacentridae

Geography / Habitat: Clown Anemone fish is a tropical marine fish found in parts of Asia and Australia. Its range includes Northwest Australia, Southeast Asia, and as far north as the Ryukyu Islands of Japan. It inhabits coral reefs and sheltered lagoons up to a depth of 15 meters Food / Feed Strategy: Plankton food such as zooplankton, copepods, and algae are the primary source of food. They are classified as generalized omnivores as they feed on equal amounts of algae and animals. They are also reported to consume parasites from their host anemones


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown_anemonefish

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clown_anemonefish�


Title : Salt Water Species # 9 Common Name: Barracuda Scientific Name: sphyraena barracuda Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Sphyraenidae

Geography / Habitat: Adult great barracudas live in and around the edges of coral reefs. They tend to avoid brackish water unless they are getting ready to spawn. Post-larvae live on the margins and in the estuaries where they are protected. When they get large enough to protect themselves, they will move out into the open ocean and then to the margins of the coral reefs. Great barracudas prefer water temperatures between 74F and 82F, although they have been found in much colder water Food / Feed Strategy: Great barracuda eat other fish. They are piscivorous at all ages. Their large teeth are quite useful for this purpose. They have a large gape which allows them to feed on very large fish by chopping them in half. They eat what they can catch using their combination of a sit-in-wait and active predator style. As juveniles, these fish compete with needlefishes and small snapper for food.

● Body Form or Style: Stagittiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style:Thunniform ● Mouth Position:Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barracuda http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Sphyraena_barracuda/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barracuda�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Sphyraena_barracuda/�


Title: Salt water Species # 10 Common Name: Bonefish Scientific Name: Albula vulpes Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Albuliformes

Family: Albulidae

Geography / Habitat: Bonefish are found in warm tropical waters from the southern coast of Florida, through the Bahamas and along the eastern coast of South America. Bonefish are found in varying water depths. They can be found in waters as deep as 100 m but, while feeding, can be found in extremely shallow waters. During feeding times, bonefish can be found in waters as shallow as 10 cm. Food / Feed Strategy: Bonefish are predators and consume a variety of prey. They feed on many small mollusks and crustaceans in shallow water. The majority of their diet consists of small crabs, fish, and shrimp, including xanthid and portunid crabs, toadfish, and snapping and penaeid shrimp. Bonefish normally school, but break into smaller groups to feed.

● Body Form or Style:Compressiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style:Carangiform ● Mouth Position:Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefish http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Albula_vulpes/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonefish�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Albula_vulpes/�


Title :Salt water Species # 11 Common Name:Mahi-mahi Scientific Name: Coryphanena hippurus



Family: Coryphaenidae

Geography / Habitat: In pelagic regions, Coryphaena hippurus is commonly found near floating objects, apparently because its prey seeks refuge under the objects. The dolphin fish is a top predator in the Atlantic Sargassum. Common Sargassum fauna, such as members of the Balistidae, Carangidae, and crabs, have been found in the stomachs of dolphin fishes caught there. Though it is most frequently found in tropical waters, Coryphaena hippurus has been detected and studied as far north as Ireland. Food / Feed Strategy: Dolphin observed in the western Mediterranean are visual generalist predators, and hence feed primarily during the day, when adequate sunlight is available. They feed on teleosts, cephalopods, and crustaceans, with a positive correlation between dolphin size and prey size .In captivity, dolphin fed a similar diet to that found in the wild grow more slowly than those in the wild, but more rapidly than those fed with protein-rich food pellets in captivity.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahi-mahi http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Coryphaena_hippurus/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahi-mahi�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Coryphaena_hippurus/�


Title: Salt Water Species # 12 Common Name: Bluefish Scientific Name: Pomatomus saltatrix Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Pomatomidae

Geography / Habitat: Bluefish are found in all oceanic and coastal waters except the eastern and northwest Pacific. The adults can be found in estuarine and brackish water. Smaller bluefish live nearly year-round in estuaries and bays along the coasts. As they mature, they begin annual migrations. As the size of the bluefish increases, the distance they migrate also increases. Food / Feed Strategy: Bluefish are strictly carnivorous, eating squid, shrimp, crabs, and fish, such as herring, Atlantic mackeral, menhaden, spot, butterfish, and mullet. They are visual feeders that hunt in schools and will attack anything that moves or slightly resembles food. Bluefish will often first bite the tail off their prey, will then consume the food, will regurgitate, and will again eat.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefish http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pomatomus_saltatrix/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluefish�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pomatomus_saltatrix/�


Title: Salt water Species # 13 Common Name: White marlin Scientific Name: Kajikia albidus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: lstiophoridae

Geography / Habitat: The white marlin is pelagic and oceanic, usually found in water over 325 feet deep. It generally swims above the thermocline, in water of surface temperatures above , and salinities between 35-37 parts per thousand. White marlin often occur in oceanic currents that can flow between 0.5-2.3 mph . They are often associated with upwellings and weed lines, and frequent regions with benthic geographic features such as drop-offs, canyons, and shoals. Food / Feed Strategy: White marlin appears to be sight-oriented, daytime feeders. They often aggragate near fronts, the edges between water bodies of differing temperatures or salinities. These confluences produce nutrient-rich upwellings, drawing baitfish, and thus are successful feeding areas for the white marlin and other predatory fishes. There is some evidence that white marlin can stun or kill their prey by spearing or slashing it with their bill

● Body Form or Style: Fusionform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Thunniform ● Mouth Position: Supraterminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_marlin

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_marlin�


Title: Salt water Species # 14 Common Name: Yellowfin grouper Scientific Name: Mycteroperca venenosa Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Serranidae

Geography / Habitat: Yellowfin grouper can be found throughout the western Atlantic Ocean, from the north and east coasts of South America to the east coast of Central America, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean, as well as the southern coast of Florida. Juvenile yellowfin grouper frequent shallow turtle grass beds, while adults may be found out to the continental shelf break. Food / Feed Strategy: Yellowfin grouper are pelagic hunters, feeding mainly on macrofauna. Their preferred diet is coral reef fishes; they are also known to consume crustaceans and squid. These fish may forage over long distances. They often use their mouths to burrow into the sand, waiting for prey. Their slender bodies and explosive swimming speed aid in the capture of prey, which they swallow whole.

● Body Form or Style: compressaform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowfin_grouper http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Mycteroperca_venenosa/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellowfin_grouper�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Mycteroperca_venenosa/�


Title: Salt water Species # 15 Common Name: French Angelfish Scientific Name: Pomacanthus paru Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Pomacanthidae

Geography / Habitat: They are found in coral reef areas in depths of less than forty meters. At night, P. paru seek cover, usually returning to the same place every night. They are often associated with rocky, broken bottoms, coral reefs, and grassy flats, which provide sufficient hiding places and enough coverage. Food / Feed Strategy: Juveniles feed on a mix of algae and detritus with occasional parasites, acquired from other fish. The diet of adults is made up mostly of sponges. They also consume tunicates, gorgonians, hydroids, zoantharians and coral as alternative sources of food

● Body Form or Style: Depressiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform ● Mouth Position: Beak

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_angelfish http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pomacanthus_paru/

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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pomacanthus_paru/�


Title: Salt Water Species #16 Common Name: Silverfish Scientific Name: Megalops atlanticus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Elopiformes

Family: Megalopidae

Geography / Habitat: Inhabits Coastal waters, estuaries, lagoons and rivers Food / Feed Strategy: Tarpon feeds almost exclusively on schooling fish and occasionally crabs

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Beak

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_tarpon http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Megalops_atlanticus/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_tarpon�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Megalops_atlanticus/�


Title : Salt Water Species # 17 Common Name: Northern Seahorse Scientific Name: Hippocampus erectus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinoptterygii Order: Syngnathiformes

Family: Syngnathidae

Geography / Habitat: Northern Seahorse is found from Cape Cod (and rarely Nova Scotia), Canada to Argentina and into the Gulf of Mexico. Northern Seahorse is strictly marine in habitat, and is found in seaweed and on coral reefs at depths of .5 - 30 m Food / Feed Strategy: The seahorse, like all of the species of the family Syngnathidae, requires living food. They are unable to move rapidly enough to chase their prey. Instead, the seahorse uses its elongated snout to suck in small crustaceans. Seahorses have an almost pinpoint accuracy within the 1 inch range

● Body Form or Style: filiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform ● Mouth Position: tubular

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lined_seahorse http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_erectus/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lined_seahorse�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_erectus/�


Title : Salt Water Species # 18 Common Name: Common Seahorse Scientific Name: Hippocampus Kuda Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Syngnathiformes


Geography / Habitat: Generally, common Seahorse inhabit shallow inshore areas with an average depth of 0 to 8 m, but they have also been found at a maximum depth of 55 m . They can be found in mangroves, coastal seagrass beds, estuaries, coastal bays and lagoons, harbors, sandy sediments in rocky littoral zones, and rivers with brackish waters Food / Feed Strategy: They have large appetites and feed mainly on zooplankton, small crustaceans, and larval fishes. Because they are poor swimmers,Common Seahorse utilize their thick snouts and specialized jaws to suck in their prey


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_kuda http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_kuda/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_kuda�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_kuda/�


Title : Salt Water Species # 19 Common Name: Dwarf Seahorse Scientific Name: Hippocampus Zosterae Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gasterosteiformes


Geography / Habitat: Dwarf Seahorse inhabits coastal waters of the western Atlantic Ocean, including the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico, and the continental shelf of the southeastern United States. It lives in seagrass beds of shallow tropical waters, generally in areas where eelgrass (Zostera marina) is abundant Food / Feed Strategy: Seahorses are opportunistic hunters that sit anchored by their tail and wait, while camouflaged with their surroundings, for prey to be close enough to eat without leaving the anchor. Once prey is sighted, the seahorse stretches toward the prey and sucks it through snout. The small mouth cavity is widened by the retraction of the hyoid bone that drops the lower jaw and helps to increase the concentration and expulsion of water from the snout by the siphon at the top of the gills.


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_zosterae http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_zosterae/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_zosterae�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_zosterae/�


Title : Salt Water Species # 20 Common Name: Pacific Seahorse Scientific Name: Hippocampus ingens Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gasterosteiformes

Family: Sygnathidae

Geography / Habitat: Giant seahorses are found along the coast of the Eastern Pacific Ocean, from San Diego, California to Peru, including the Cocos, Malpelo, and Galapagos Islands. iant seahorses are found over reefs, and in protected bay and subtidal seagrass habitats, from 1-20 m in depth . They are often seen with their tails wrapped around black coral trees, strands of sea grasses and sea whips, and the branches of gorgonian corals, in order to camouflage themselves from predators. Food / Feed Strategy: Diet consists mainly of small crustaceans and zooplankton. Giant seahorses eat brine shrimp and mysids , small, shrimp-like crustaceans that are high in protein and lipids. Juveniles may consume phytoplankton. Seahorses lack teeth, instead sucking prey in through their tube-like snouts.

● Body Form or Style: filiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform ● Mouth Position: Tubular

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_ingens http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_ingens/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_ingens�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Hippocampus_ingens/�


Title: Salt Water Species # 21 Common Name: Peacock Flounder Scientific Name: Bothus lunatus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Osteichthyes Order: Pleuronectiformes

Family: Bothidae

Geography / Habitat: Peacock flounders live in the West Atlantic Ocean in both tropical and subtropical regions. They are found off the coasts of Florida, Bermuda, and down the coast of South America to Brazil Peacock flounders are marine flatfish, living in clear oceanic waters. They live a benthic lifestyle on sand and rock bottoms, including coral reef environments. They can be found at depths as great as 80m. Food / Feed Strategy: Adult peacock flounders are restricted to feeding on other benthic organisms. They are active predators, mostly eating other fish; however, peacock flounders can also feed on marine invertebrates, such as crustaceans and sometimes octopi.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Ostraciiform ● Mouth Position: superior

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacock_flounder http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Bothus_lunatus/

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http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Bothus_lunatus/�


Title: Salt Water Species # 22 Common Name: Black Drum Scientific Name: Pogonias cromis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Sciaenidae

Geography / Habitat: The Black Drum ranges from the Atlantic coasts of New England all the way to Mexico. The highest number of Black Drum is found in the Gulf of Mexico. The most abundant areas for Black Drum on the Atlantic coast are south of the Chesapeake Bay. Black Drum adults are generally found in areas with sandy or soft bottom. This species also stays in close proximity to oyster beds and clam shell beds. Food / Feed Strategy: Black Drum larvae feed strictly on zooplankton. Young Black Drum feed on soft crustaceans, small fish, and marine annelids. Adult Black Drum feed mainly on crabs, small fish, and shrimp. They can crush hard animals such as crabs due to their tooth specialization. The teeth are designed to crush with their cobblestone-like design

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carngiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_drum http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pogonias_cromis/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_drum�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pogonias_cromis/�


Title: Salt Water Species # 23 Common Name: Weakfish Scientific Name: Cynoscion regalis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Sciaenidae

Geography / Habitat: Weak-fish are found along the At-lantic coast. They mig-rate seasonally in the relatively shallow coastal water of sandy mud bottoms, and then to the brackish water of river estuaries for reproduction and feeding in the summer, finally returning off shore in the fall. During the spawning season, the most important habitat for the weak-fish is the brackish waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Food / Feed Strategy: During different life stages, the food selected by weak-fish varies. In the larval and juvenile stages, weak-fish primarily eat copepods, a type of crustacean. Young weak-fish also feed on mysid shrimp and anchovies. As adults, weak-fish are the top carnivore in the eelgrass habitat of the waters of the Chesapeake Bay.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Superior

• Citation: "Cynoscion Regalis." Animal Diversity Web. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 May 2014. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Cynoscion_regalis/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Cynoscion_regalis/�


Title: Salt Water Species # 24 Common Name: Almaco jack Scientific Name: Seriola rivoliana Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Carangidae

Geography / Habitat: Almaco jacks are wide-ranging in offshore waters and aren’t a common catch. The young almaco jacks are associated with Sargassum Food / Feed Strategy: Almaco jacks feed on smaller fish such as baitfish and small squid


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaco_jack

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaco_jack�


Title: Salt Water Species # 25 Common Name: Giant Sea Bass Scientific Name: Stereolepis gigas Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Polyprionidae

Geography / Habitat: Giant sea bass inhabit coastal waters of California, from Humboldt Bay to the tip of Baja California, Mexico. Juvenile giant sea bass are found at depths of 6 to 10 m, over mud flats and in coastal lagoons of southern California and the Baja California peninsula. Older juveniles and adults are found in 10 to 40 m of water over sandy bottoms, kelp beds and rocky reefs, as well as within deep ridges at depths of 70 to 80 m. Adult sea bass venture offshore of these coastal areas at various times in the year to prey on groups of spawning squid. Food / Feed Strategy: Giant sea bass mainly consume benthic invertebrates including rock crab and California spiny lobster, and will also prey on other fishes, such as round stingrays , ocean whitefish , California barracuda , kelp bass , and barred sand bass. They are sit and wait ambush predators, that capture their prey by rapidly opening their mouth, creating a vacuum that sucks their prey into their throats


• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_sea_bass http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Stereolepis_gigas/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giant_sea_bass�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Stereolepis_gigas/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 26 Common Name: Longtail Knifefish Scientific Name: Sternopygus macrurus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Gymnotiformes

Family: Sternopygidae

Geography / Habitat: Longtail Knifefish occurs in many freshwater bodies in South America. It is known to inhabit the area from the Magdalena River to the Sao Francisco River and western Ecuador. It is also found in the Catatumbo River and the Amazon in Peru. Food / Feed Strategy: Longtail Knifefish is a predator of small invertebrates. Its diet is mainly composed of aquatic insect larvae

● Body Form or Style: Taeniform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcaragiform ● Mouth Position: Subterminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Sternopygus_macrurus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Sternopygus_macrurus/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 27 Common Name: Sleepers Scientific Name: Eleotridae Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Eleotridae

Geography / Habitat: Eleotrids occupy mostly fresh and brackish water. While only a few species are marine, many freshwater eleotrids spend their larval stage in the ocean and return inland as juveniles. They live in tropical and subtropical areas, and a few occur in warm temperate waters. They are common residents of mangrove and other estuarine environments. Eleotrids can be found near rocky reefs in bays, in intertidal areas, and in streams or ponds. Some prefer still water among aquatic vegetation. Many live on muddy substrates most eleotrids are benthic but a few are free-swimming Food / Feed Strategy: Eleotrids are carnivores that feed on crustaceans and other benthic invertebrates, small fishes, and insects. Many species pass through a marine larval stage during which they feed on plankton

● Body Form or Style: compressiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: subcaragiform ● Mouth Position: terminal

• Citation: Eleotridae : http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Eleotridae/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Eleotridae/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 28 Common Name: Alligator gar Scientific Name: Atractosteus spatula Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Lepisosteiformes

Family: lepisosteidae

Geography / Habitat: Alligator gar is found in the Ohio River in southwestern Ohio and the Mississippi river south to the Gulf of Mexico. They are found in drainages throughout the southeastern coastal United States. They are found in parts of Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas Food / Feed Strategy: Alligator gars are opportunistic carnivores and sit-and-wait predators. They appear to be sluggish, but can ambush prey with short bursts of speed . They feed on almost anything, including fish, ducks, turtles, small mammals, and carrion.

● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Elongated (Terminal)

• Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_gar http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Atractosteus_spatula/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alligator_gar�

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Atractosteus_spatula/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 29 Common Name: Stonecat Scientific Name: Noturus flavus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Siluriformes

Family: Ictaluridae

Geography / Habitat: Stonecats live in freshwater environments. They are found in large creeks and small rivers. They occasionally occur in tiny creeks or rivers as large as the lower Mississippi . Stonecats occupy gently to fast moving riffle areas that have a rocky substrate. Stonecats spend the majority of their time in moderate moving, shallow riffles. They can also be found in deeper water in the 2 to 3 meter range. Stonecats also occur in natural lakes such as Lake Erie. There they prefer rock and gravel bars that are subject to a lot of wave action. Food / Feed Strategy: Stonecats are primarily invertivores. The young will feed upon the larvae of mayflies , stoneflies caddisflies , and midges. Adult stonecats will feed on mainly mayfly larvae and crayfish, but they will also take small darters and minnows.

● Body Form or Style: Compressiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Subcarangiform ● Mouth Position: Subterminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Noturus_flavus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Noturus_flavus/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 30 Common Name: Largemouth bass Scientific Name: Micropterus salmoides Kingdom: Animalaia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Centrarchidae

Geography / Habitat: Largemouth bass is native to eastern North America and historically ranged from southern Canada to northern Mexico and from the Atlantic coast to the central region of the United States. Largemouth bass prefer quiet, clear waters with abundant vegetation. More specifically, they prefer shallow water that is usually no deeper than 2.5 meters, but they sometimes occupy deeper regions. Food / Feed Strategy: Immature Largemouth bass feed on zooplankton and aquatic insects. As they grow their diet shifts to crayfish and other fish species. Sunfish are the food of choice for most adult largemouth bass.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Micropterus_salmoides/ d

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Micropterus_salmoides/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 31 Common Name: Shortnose gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platostomus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Lepisosteidae

Geography / Habitat: The shortnosed gar is found in Mississippi River basin from south central Ohio, northern Indiana and Wisconsin to Montana and south to Alabama and Louisiana. The species is also found in Lake Michigan drainage in Wisconsin.Habitat of the shortnosed gar includes lakes, swamps, and the calm pools and backwaters of creeks and rivers. They are commonly found near vegetation and submerged logs. Food / Feed Strategy: Young of the year gars consume a variety of food items, ranging from tiny crustaceans to different life stages of insects and fish. The diet of young gars suggests that most feeding is surface oriented. Adult and young of the year gars feed more actively at night than during the day.

● Body Form or Style: Sagittiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepisosteus_platostomus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepisosteus_platostomus/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 32 Common Name: Spotted gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus oculatus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: The northern range of spotted gar stretches throughout the Lake Michigan and Lake Erie drainages. It is also found in the Mississippi River drainages, and river drainages along the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico from the Nueces River in Texas east to the lower Apalachicola River in Florida.Spotted gar prefer shallow open waters, usually 3 - 5 m deep, as well as stagnant backwater. They are often found near the surface basking near fallen logs, trees, or brush. Food / Feed Strategy: This species of gar is an ambush predator, feeding primarily on aquatic crustaceans, such as crayfish. They utilize their brush covered habitat for foraging at night. Spotted gar also eats other species of fish including sunfish, gizzard shad, crappies, bass, catfish, and shiners.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepisosteus_oculatus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepisosteus_oculatus/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 33 Common Name: Florida gar Scientific Name: Lepisosteus platyrhincus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: One of the most widespread and numerous of the gar species in Florida, Florida gar is found in the United States from the Savannah River drainage in Georgia to the Ocklockonee River drainage in Florida and Georgia.Florida gar inhabits medium to large lowland streams, canals, and lakes with muddy or sandy bottoms, and must be near abundant underwater vegetation. Like all gars,it uses an air bladder to breathe air to survive in poorly oxygenated or stagnant water that is intolerable to most other fish Food / Feed Strategy: Florida gars use ram feeding, which is the use of a high velocity lunge or chase to kill prey. This feeding behavior in consists of a slow stalk, resulting in the close, lateral positioning of the head relative to prey. It uses a sideways lunge of the head during the strike, which lasts only 25 to 40 ms and is extremely fast. Prey capture in adults is also characterized by the jaws closing on the prey, then slashing their mouth from side to side. This is followed by manipulation and repositioning of the prey so that the gar can eat them head first.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepisosteus_platyrhincus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepisosteus_platyrhincus/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 34 Common Name: Flathead catfish Scientific Name: Pylodictis olivaris Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Ictaluridae

Geography / Habitat: Flathead catfish are native to rivers and lakes in the lower Great Lakes and Mississippi River basin. They are found in appropriate habitat in Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, much of Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Iowa, Minnesota, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, western Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, and as far south as Mexico.Flathead catfish inhabit rivers, lakes, and reservoirs with slow currents. Younger individuals prefer shallower water. Older and larger flathead catfish stay in deeper waters during the daylight hours , moving into shallower water at night Food / Feed Strategy: Flathead catfish are carnivores that prey on many different types of animals, depending on size. They are known to eat crayfish, gizzard shad, insects and larvae, channel catfish , drum, other flatheads , green sunfish and carp. Insect larvae are the major prey type until an individual reaches approximately 100 mm in total length, at which point the diet expands to include crayfish and small fishes. Individuals above 250 mm in length feed almost exclusively on other fishes.

● Body Form or Style: depressed form ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pylodictis_olivaris/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Pylodictis_olivaris/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 35 Common Name: European catfish Scientific Name: Silurus glanis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Siluridae

Geography / Habitat: Euroean catfish, sheatfish or wels catfish, is native to eastern Europe and Asia. It has been introduced to several other areas including Germany, France, Spain, England, Greece, Turkey and the Netherlands. it is found primarily in large rivers and lakes and in deep water near dams. These catfish sometimes enter brackish water in the Black Sea and Baltic Sea Food / Feed Strategy: European catfish fry feed on plankton during their first year of life. When they reach larger sizes they begin to eat worms, snails, crustaceans, aquatic insects, and small fish. At adult sizes they will also prey on ducks, voles, crayfish, fish, eels, frogs, rats, coypu, and snakes. They use the incredible suction created by suddenly opening their large mouths to take in prey.

● Body Form or Style: Compressed ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Silurus_glanis/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Silurus_glanis/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 36 Common Name: Electric catfish Scientific Name: Malapterurus electricus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Malapteruridae

Geography / Habitat: The genus Malapterurus is found throughout western and central tropical Africa and the Nile River. They occur in all major freshwater systems including the Buzi Niger, Ogooué, Omo, Sanaga, Sabi-Lundi, Senegal, Shari, Zaïre and Zambezi River basins,as well as Lakes Albert, Chad, Kainji, Tanganyika and Turkana. Species in the genus Malapterurus are generally found among rocks or roots in turbid and/or black waters with low visibility; they favor sluggish or standing water Food / Feed Strategy: Malapterurus electricus is a voracious piscivore, hunting and stunning its prey using its paralyzing electrical organ discharge. It is an opportunistic feeder and will feed on the most readily available prey within its habitat. Electric catfish are able to consume prey up to half their size. The presence of high percentages of electric catfish with empty stomachs in wild-caught specimens studied suggests that these fish are slow-moving, deliberate feeders with infrequent, heavy meals.

● Body Form or Style: Compressed ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Anguilliform ● Mouth Position: inferior

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Malapterurus_electricus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Malapterurus_electricus/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 37 Common Name: Brown catfish Scientific Name: Ameiurus nebulosus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Ictaluridae

Geography / Habitat: Brown bullheads are native to freshwater habitats in Canada and the United States from 25° to 54° north latitude. They are distributed in the Atlantic and Gulf Slope drainages, ranging from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick to Mobile Bay, Alabama, and in the Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and Mississippi basins from Quebec west to southeast Saskatchewan and south to Louisiana.Brown bullhead are found in pools and slower-moving runs of creeks and rivers, reservoirs, ponds, and lakes. They are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions, including water temperatures up to 36 degrees Celsius and oxygen levels to 0.2 ppm Food / Feed Strategy: Brown bullhead are benthic, opportunistic omnivores. In aquarium settings they eat most food given to them. Juveniles eat zooplankton, including chironomids, cladocerans, ostracods, and amphipods, insects, including mayfly larvae and caddisfly larvae, and plants. Adults feed on insects, small fish, fish eggs, mollusks, plants, leeches, worms, and crayfish.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Ameiurus_nebulosus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Ameiurus_nebulosus/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 38 Common Name: Rainbow trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus mykiss Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata

Class: Actinopterygii Order: Salmoniformes

Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: Rainbow trout are only native to the Pacific Coast of North America, extending from Alaska down to the border between California and Mexico. However, they have been introduced throughout the United States. And in every continent except for Antarctica for game fishing purposes. It habitat Freshwater, brackish, or marine waters of temperate zones. The anadromous form, called steelhead, spawns and complete their early development in freshwater mountain streams, then migrate to spend their adult life in the ocean. In freshwater, they prefer cool water but have been known to tolerate water temperatures up to 24°C. Productive streams have a good mixture of riffles and pools and overhanging vegetation for shade Food / Feed Strategy: Rainbow trout and steelhead are insectivorous and piscivorous. Resident rainbow trout tend to eat more fish than steelhead. Both species primarily feed on invertebrate larvae drifting in mid-water to conserve energy that would be expended if they were foraging for food in the substrate.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_mykiss/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_mykiss/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 39 Common Name: Golden trout Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus aguabonita Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: The golden trout is found in high altitude fresh bodies of water in the western area of the United States. Specifically, this species can be found in Wyoming, Idaho, Washington, and most abundantly in California, where it was first discovered.Golden trout occupy only high altitude fresh water lakes and rivers, usually in scenic mountain areas that are highly inaccessible and can only be reached by horseback riding or backpacking. Food / Feed Strategy: The diet of the golden trout consists mainly of surface water-dwelling insects, principally small ones such as caddisflies and midges. Small crustaceans such as tiny fresh water shrimp as well as some terrestrial insects contribute to the diet as well. However, small insects, either in larvae or fully developed form, floating on the surface compose most of the natural food of this species. To feed, the trout opens its gills and hinged mouth and inhales its prey whole in the water.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_aguabonita/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_aguabonita/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 40 Common Name: Bull trout Scientific Name: Salvelinus confluentus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: The geographic range of Bull trout is confined to northwestern North America from Alaska to northern California. The species is generally considered to live within the Arctic; Pacific and Missouri River drainages in mountain and coastal streams.It usually found in medium to large river systems but can also occur in large lakes and reservoirs when conditions are adequate. In the fluvial setting the bull trout favors deep pools where it usually sits on or near the bottom. Food / Feed Strategy: After departing from the spawning redd in spring the young bull trout begins looking for suitable habitat for protection and food sources. As a juvenile, the first year in the life of the bull trout is spent eating small aquatic invertebrates. These aquatic larvae, often ephemeropterans or dipterans, are readily available in the lower water column and interstitial spaces that these juveniles inhabit.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Salvelinus_confluentus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Salvelinus_confluentus/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 41 Common Name: Striped Bass Scientific Name: Morone saxatilis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Moronidae

Geography / Habitat: Striped bass can be found on the Atlantic coast of the United States, from northern Florida to the St. Lawrence estuary in southeastern Canada. This species has been introduced to many inland lakes and reservoirs in the Midwest, as well as, the Pacific coast of the United States.Striped bass thrive in large bodies of deep, clear water. Ideal temperatures range from 18.3 to 21.1 °C, and evidence suggests a lower temperature limit of 9.0 °C. Mature fish can be found living inshore, in estuaries, and in freshwater habitats, depending on season and location, and most individuals are found more within five miles from the coast Food / Feed Strategy: The dietary habits of striped bass change throughout their life. As larvae, striped bass feed on zooplankton, and as juveniles they mostly feed on insect larvae, small crustaceans, mayflies, and larval fish. Adult striped bass are piscivorous, feeding on bay anchovy, Atlantic silversides and yellow perch; however, a vast majority of their diet consists of Atlantic menhaden.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Morone_saxatilis/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Morone_saxatilis/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 42 Common Name: Smallmouth Bass Scientific Name: Micropterus dolomieu




Geography / Habitat: The native range of Smallmouth Bass encompasses the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence seaway drainages from southern Quebec and New Hampshire to North Dakota, and the Mississippi River drainage as far south as Alabama. Although its native distribution overlaps much of the northern range of Smallmouth Bass, M. dolomieu typically is found in cooler rivers and lakes, with rocky or sandy substrates .As visual predators, smallmouth bass actively seek out clear waters. Food / Feed Strategy: Fry and juvenile diets consist primarily of zooplankton and insect larvae. Adults have a more diverse palate, subsisting on such varied foods as crayfish, amphibians, insects, and other fish. Adults also cannibalize young of other parents.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Micropterus_dolomieu/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Micropterus_dolomieu/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 43 Common Name: White Bass Scientific Name: Morone chrysops Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Moronidae

Geography / Habitat: White bass can be seen in many parts of North America. Its range extends from southern Canada to northeastern Mexico following a path roughly between the Mississippi River system and the Appalachian Mountains.White bass are principally found in large bodies of water. Reservoir systems have been shown to house higher populations compared to natural lakes and rivers. This species prefers areas of open water with little turbidity and where the substrate is clean and unvegetated. Food / Feed Strategy: Larval white bass feed mostly on zooplankton, especially Daphnia species. As development proceeds, juveniles begin feeding on macro-invertebrates, such as chironomid larvae, may fly larvae, dragonfly larvae, damselfly larvae, and crayfish. Adults become highly piscivorous and begin feeding upon fish. Common prey includes, fathead minnows, johnny darters, gizzard shad, yellow perch, saugers , freshwater drum , carp , bullhead species, and others.

● Body Form or Style: Compressed form ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Morone_chrysops/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Morone_chrysops/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 44 Common Name: American Perch Scientific Name: Perca flavescens Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Percidae

Geography / Habitat: American Perch are north temperate fish. They extend from west central Canada and the Hudson Bay area east to New Brunswick, down to South Carolina and west to Kansas.American Perch are found mainly in lakes and sometimes in impoundments of larger rivers. Clear water is important as excessive turbidity and silt could lead to death of perch. Perch do however have a high tolerance for low oxygen conditions Food / Feed Strategy: Young of the year yellow perch feed on zooplankton, then as they grow they switch to benthic macroinvertebrates and finally fish . In Lake Erie and other lakes, young of the year switch from mainly zooplankton to benthos during midsummer declines in zooplankton biomass.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Perca_flavescens/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Perca_flavescens/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 45 Common Name: Bluegill Scientific Name: Lepomis macrochirus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata



Geography / Habitat: This species is native to lakes and streams in the St. Lawrence, Great Lakes, and Mississippi River systems. Bluegill prefer to live in lakes and slow-moving, rocky streams. They can often be found in deep beds of weeds. In Hawaii they primarily inhabit reservoirs. Though they are freshwater fish, they can tolerate salinities up to 18% and are present in tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay. Food / Feed Strategy: The very small mouth of this fish is an adaptation to eating small animals. Bluegills are carnivores, primarily eating invertebrates such as snails, worms, shrimp, aquatic insects, small crayfish, and zooplankton. They can also consume small fish such as minnows and plant material such as algae. Young bluegill eats worms and zooplankton, staying under cover while adults feed more in the open.

● Body Form or Style: Compressed form ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position:Terminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepomis_macrochirus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepomis_macrochirus/�


Title : Freshwater Fish Species # 46 Common Name: Mountain Perch Scientific Name: Macquaria australasica Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata


Family: Percichthyidae

Geography / Habitat: Mountain perch is only found in Australia. In its native range, this species occurs in highest abundance in the Murray-Darling basin in New South Wales. This freshwater species lives in rivers and stream, preferring deep, rocky pools. They also favor cool and clear water with slow-moving riffles or shallow running water. Food / Feed Strategy: The bulk of their diet consists of aquatic invertebrates such as caddisfly, stonefly and mayfly species, with a small quantity of terrestrial insects taken as well. Adults feed at the bottom of lakes and rivers. Young are zooplanktivores, and eat water fleas, rotifers and water mites by sucking them up into their mouths.

● Body Form or Style: Compressed form ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Macquaria_australasica/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Macquaria_australasica/�


Title: Freshwater Fish Species # 47

Common Name: African jewelfish

Scientific Name: Hemichromis bimaculatus



Family: Cichlidae

Geography / Habitat: The African jewelfish's origin is in Africa, hence its name. They are found in high numbers in the rivers of west Africa.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on insects, crustaceans, and Caridina.

• Body Form or Style: fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemichromis_bimaculatus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemichromis_bimaculatus�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hemichromis_bimaculatus1.jpg�



Common Name: Bala shark

Scientific Name: Balantiocheilos melanopterus


Class: Actinopterygii Order: Cypriniformes

Family: Cyprinidae

Geography / Habitat: Bala sharks are found in mid water depths in large and medium-sized rivers and lakes.

Food / Feed Strategy: They feed on phytoplankton, but mostly on small crustaceans, rotifers, and insects and their larvae

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform. • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform. • Mouth Position: Terminal.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balantiocheilus_melanopterus

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balantiocheilus_melanopterus�

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Balantiocheilos_melanopterus.JPG�



Common Name: Chinook salmon

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus tshawytscha



Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: Chinook Salmon are found natively in the Pacific from Monterey Bay, California to the Chukchi Sea, Alaska in North America and from the Anadyr River, Siberia to Hokkaido, and Japan in Asia. The Chinook Salmon is anadromous– born in freshwater, migrating to the ocean, and returning as mature adults to their natal streams to spawn. Freshwater streams, estuaries, and the open ocean are all important habitats

Food / Feed Strategy: While in freshwater, Chinook Salmon fry and smolts feed on plankton and then terrestrial and aquatic insects, amphipods and crustaceans. After migrating to the ocean, the maturing adults feed on large zooplakton, herring, pilchard, sandlance and other fishes, squid, and crustaceans. Once the adult salmon have re-entered freshwater, they do not feed.

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform. • Mouth Position: Terminal.

Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_tshawytscha/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Oncorhynchus_tshawytscha/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 50

Common Name: Apache trout

Scientific Name: Oncorhynchus apache



Family: Salmonidae

Geography / Habitat: It natively lives in clear, cool streams in the White Mountains that flow through coniferous forests and marshes, but has been introduced into several lakes in the area

Food / Feed Strategy: The Apache trout eats both terrestrial and aquatic insects, such as Trichoptera and Diptera. In lakes, they also eat small fishes and zooplankton.

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal.

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_trout

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_trout�

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Apache_Trout.jpg�


Title: Marine invertebrate Species # 51

Common Name: Chokka

Scientific Name: Loligo vulgaris reynaudii

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Teuthida

Family: Loliginidae

Geography / Habitat: It occurs in coastal waters from False Bay to Port Elizabeth. Pelagic

Food / Feed Strategy: Feeds on small fishes

• Body Form or Style: Globiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: other • Mouth Position: inferior

Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=400

http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=400�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 52 Common Name: Red Sea Star Scientific Name: Odontaster validus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea Order: Valvatida

Family: Odontasteridae

Geography / Habitat: Red sea stars are found in the Antarctic region, most prevalently in the waters surrounding the Antarctic continent and islands.Red sea stars are unique amongst sea stars in their ability to withstand the cold environment of the Antarctic region. They live at depths of 0-914 meters and are found most often in shallower waters. Food / Feed Strategy: Red sea stars are omnivorous, feeding on a variety of species such as bivalves, sponges, and hydroids, other echinoderms, and isopods, as well as red algae, diatoms and seal feces. Due to the harsh environment of the Antarctic, red sea stars must be capable of surviving for long periods with no food.

● Body Form or Style: Other ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Other ● Mouth Position: Inferior

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Odontaster_validus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Odontaster_validus/�


Title: Marine invertebrate Species # 53

Common Name: Common cuttlefish

Scientific Name: Sepia vermiculata


Class: Cephalopoda Order: Sepiida

Family: Scolliodea

Geography / Habitat: Common specie throughout South Africa. Sub-tidal pools to deep ocean reefs

Food / Feed Strategy: Fish and shell fish. Feeding on molluscs, young fish, and crabs. Other species of cuttlefish may also be taken, and cannibalism

• Body Form or Style: Globiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Other • Mouth Position: Inferior

• Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=10




Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 54 Common Name: Sea Cucumber Scientific Name: Holothuroidea Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Holothuroidea Order: Apodida

Family: Holothuriidae

Geography / Habitat: Holothurians are found in oceans all over the world.Sea cucumbers are common in shallow water areas to deep ocean floors. While most are benthic, a few are pelagic. Food / Feed Strategy: As suspension or deposit feeders holothurians trap particles and plankton on mucus-covered tentacles. The tentacles are pushed into the mouth to ingest food. Secretory cells from papillae of the tentacles and gland cells of the foregut secrete mucus.

● Body Form or Style: Fusiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Other ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://issuu.com/robertsonfishidproject/docs/fish_id_project_complete

http://issuu.com/robertsonfishidproject/docs/fish_id_project_complete�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 55 Common Name: Vampire Squid Scientific Name: Vampyroteuthis infernalis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Vampyromorphida

Family: Vampyroteuthidae

Geography / Habitat: The vampire squid occupies meso- to bathypelagic depths throughout the world's tropical and temperate oceans where little to no light penetrates.The vampire squid lives in the tropical and subtropical oceans of the world at depths ranging from 300-3000m with a majority of squids living between the ranges of 1,500-2,500m. Vampire squids live in the oxygen minimum layer of the ocean where virtually no light penetrates. The vampire squid prefers a temperature between 2 and 6 degrees Celsius. Food / Feed Strategy: The vampire squid has the lowest mass-specific metabolic rate of any cephalopod because of its decreased reliance on locomotion for escaping predators and capturing prey in the light-limited deep sea. The vampire squid uses its sensory filaments to find food in the deep sea and also has a highly developed statocyst indicating that it descends slowly and balances in the water almost effortlessly. Despite its name and reputation, Vampyroteuthis infernalis is not an agressive predator. While drifting, the squid deploys one filament at a time until one of them contacts an animal of prey. The squid then swims around in a circle hoping to catch the prey.

● Body Form or Style: Globiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Other ● Mouth Position: Inferior

• Citation: http://issuu.com/robertsonfishidproject/docs/fish_id_project_complete

http://issuu.com/robertsonfishidproject/docs/fish_id_project_complete�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 56 Common Name: Lions mane Scientific Name: Cyanea capillata Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Scyphoza Order: Semaeostomeae

Family: Cyaneidae

Geography / Habitat: It can be found in the cooler regions of the Atlantic, Pacific, North Sea and Baltic. They are especially prevalent near the east coast of Britain.The Lion's Mane Jellyfish is found in the cooler regions of the Atlantic, Pacific, North Sea, and Baltic Sea. They are especially common along the East coast of Britain. They are found in the pelagic zone as medusae and then benthic zone as polyps. Food / Feed Strategy: It feeds mainly on fish. It catches its prey by sinking slowly with its tentacles spread in a circle around it. The prey is captured in the "net" of tentacles and stunned by the nematocysts.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Cyanea_capillata/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Cyanea_capillata/�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 57 Common Name: Sea Hare

Scientific Name: Aplysia Californica


Class: Gastropoda Order: Anaspidea

Family: Aplysiidae

Geography / Habitat: Indo- Pacific. In the wild, it is usually found in shallow areas of seagrasses and coral rubble, preferring the shaded areas.

Food / Feed Strategy: Hervibore

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Other • Mouth Position: Inferior

• Citation: http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=497+524+726&pcatid=726

http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=497+524+726&pcatid=726�

http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=497+524+726&pcatid=726�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 58 Common Name: Red false plum anemone

Scientific Name: Pseudactinia flagellifera

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa Order: Actiniaria

Family: Actiniidae

Geography / Habitat: Southern Africa. May be found singly or in groups. Prey captured with the tentacles is stuffed through the mouth into the digestive cavity.

Food / Feed Strategy: Molluscs and crustaceans

• Body Form or Style: Compressed form • Swim / Locomotion Style: Other. • Mouth Position: Wide mouth




Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 59 Common Name: Frilly mouthed jelly fish

Scientific Name: Chrysaora sp


Class: Scyphozoa Order: Semaeostomeae

Family: Pelagiidae

Geography / Habitat: Open Ocean, South Africa. West Coast to Port Elizabeth

Food / Feed Strategy: Plantonic animals

• Body Form or Style: Globiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Other. • Mouth Position: Inferior




Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 60 Common Name: Plumbed hydroid

Scientific Name: Plumularia setacea


Class: Hydrozoa Order: Leptothecata

Family: Plumulariidae

Geography / Habitat: Southern Africa, Sheltered pool and shallow reefs. Attached itself to other marine animals

Food / Feed Strategy: Filter-feed on microscopic animals

• Body Form or Style: Compressed form • Swim / Locomotion Style: Other • Mouth Position: Other

• Citation: http://www.easterncapescubadiving.co.za/index.php?page_name=specie&specie_id=158




Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 61 Common Name: Grooved brain coral Scientific Name: Diploria labyrinthiformis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Anthozoa Order: Scleractinia

Family: Faviidae

Geography / Habitat: Grooved brain coral grows in the Caribbean, Bahamas, southern Florida, and Bermuda. Grooved brain coral is in the order Scleractinia, stony corals. The optimum temperature for adult Scleractinia coral is between 25 and 29 degrees Celcius; the absolute minimal temperature is 18 degrees Celcius. Because it has a single-celled symbiotic algae within its cells, grooved brain coral needs to be at depths where light can penetrate the water Food / Feed Strategy: It depends primarily on suspension feeding of small marine invertebrates. This coral also has zooxanthellate algae. The symbiotic algae photosynthesize and supply the coral with nutrients and energy for calcification and growth.

● Body Form or Style: Globiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Other ● Mouth Position: Other

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Diploria_labyrinthiformis/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Diploria_labyrinthiformis/�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 62 Common Name: Bluebell Tunicate

Scientific Name: Clavelina sp


Class: Ascidiacea Order: Aplousobranchia

Family: Clavelinidae

Geography / Habitat: Rocky reefs. This small sea squirt is a solitary animal, but can often be seen in groups on the reef.

Food / Feed Strategy: Filter feeders

• Body Form or Style: N/A • Swim / Locomotion Style: N/A • Mouth Position: N/A •




Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 63 Common Name: Common Octopus Scientific Name: Octopus vulgaris Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda

Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat: This species has a world-wide distribution. It is abundant in the Mediterranean Sea, the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, and in Japanese waters. Common Octopus is found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate waters between the surface and a depth of 100 to 150 meters. It is not found in polar or subpolar regions. It lives in coastal waters and the upper part of the continental shelf. Food / Feed Strategy: Common Octopus are active predators that feed primarily on gastropods and bivalves. Small hatchlings typically spend several weeks as active predators in the plankton before they settle down to the benthic mode of life at a size of about 0.2 grams.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Octopus_vulgaris/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Octopus_vulgaris/�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 64 Common Name: Moon Jellyfish Scientific Name: Aurelia aurita Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Cnidaria

Class: Scyphozoa Order: Semaeostomeae

Family: Ulmaridae

Geography / Habitat:Moon Jellyfish are found near the coast, in mostly warm and tropical waters. They are prevalent in both inshore seas and oceans.Their habitat includes the costal waters of all zones, and they occur in huge numbers. They are known to live in brackish waters with as low a salt content as 0.6%. Decreased salinity in the water diminishes the bell curvature, and vice versa. Food / Feed Strategy: The Saucer Jelly is carnivorous and feeds on plankton. Their primary foods include small plankton organisms such as mollusks, crustaceans, tunicate larvae, copepods, rotifers, nematods, young polychaetes, protozoans, diatoms, and eggs. They are also sometimes observed to eat small hydromedusae and ctenophores. These foods collect chiefly on the surface of the animal, where they become entangled in mucus.

● Body Form or Style: Meduse ● Swim / Locomotion Style: pulsation ● Mouth Position: Terminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Aurelia_aurita/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Aurelia_aurita/�


Title : Marine invertebrate Species # 65 Common Name: Giant pacific Octopus Scientific Name: Enteroctopus dofleini Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda

Family: Octopodidae

Geography / Habitat: Giant Pacific octopuses are found throughout the Pacific Ocean.Giant Pacific octopuses are generally found in tidal pools and up to depths of 110 m, although they can also reside in deeper waters of up to 1,500 m. They often live in dens or lairs, under boulders, and in rock crevices. Ideal habitat for this species includes a soft substrate of mud, sand or gravel that includes large boulders for creating dens. Food / Feed Strategy: Giant Pacific octopuses are considered generalist foragers. They return to their den in order to consume their prey, and they deposit the prey's remains at the entrance of their den. This collection of skeletal remains is known as a middens. Examination of middens indicates that the diet of giant Pacific octopuses is primarily composed of clams, crabs, fish, and squid. Giant Pacific octopuses are visual hunters that utilize a variety of hunting strategies including stalking, chasing, and camouflaging themselves in order to ambush prey.

● Body Form or Style: Other ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Other ● Mouth Position: inferior

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Enteroctopus_dofleini/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Enteroctopus_dofleini/�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 66 Common Name: vernal pool tadpole shrimp Scientific Name: Lepidurus packardi Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Branchiopoda Order: Notostraca

Family: Triopsidae

Geography / Habitat: Vernal pool tadpole shrimp are endemic to the California Central Valley, with the majority of individuals found in the Sacramento Valley. Vernal pool tadpole shrimp occur in a wide variety of seasonal habitats. These include vernal pools, clay flats, alkaline pools, ephemeral stock tanks, and roadside ditches and ruts. Habitats include small, clear, well vegetated vernal pools to exceedingly turbid, alkali scald pools or large winter lakes. Food / Feed Strategy: Adults are omnivorous. They feed primarily on detritus found on the substrate of temporary pools, but they capture living organisms, such as fairy shrimp Anostraca and other invertebrates. Vernal pool tadpole shrimp consume plant detritus, various zooplankton, and insect larvae that they come across while digging through pool substrate. They use their ventral appendages to collect and filter food particles in the substrate and show a preference for animal detritus.

● Body Form or Style: Shrimp ● Swim / Locomotion Style: N/A ● Mouth Position: Subterminal

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepidurus_packardi/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Lepidurus_packardi/�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 67 Common Name: Asian Clam Scientific Name: Corbicula fluminea Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida

Family: Corbiculidae

Geography / Habitat: The Asiatic clam is found throughout Asia, North and South America, Europe and parts of Africa. The clam occurs primarily in streams south of 40 degrees latitude in the northern hemisphere.The Asiatic clam prefers a lake or stream that has a a sandy or gravel substrate. However, they are also located underneath large boulders and in soft silts of deepwater lakes. The clam thrives better in fast flowing waters because the currents supply a constant source of the particulate food that the clam consumes. Food / Feed Strategy: The Asiatic clam is a filter-feeding bivalve. It filters microscopic organisms, such as plankton, from the water.

● Body Form or Style: Depressed ● Swim / Locomotion Style: N/A ● Mouth Position: Inferior

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Corbicula_fluminea/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Corbicula_fluminea/�


Title: Freshwater fish Species # 68

Common Name: Red swamp crawfish

Scientific Name: Procambarus clarkii

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Malacostraca Order: Decapoda

Family: Cambaridae

Geography / Habitat: Is most commonly found in warm fresh water, such as slowly flowing rivers, marshes, reservoirs, irrigation systems and rice paddies.

Food / Feed Strategy: The red swamp crayfish is carnivorous, eating insect larvae, tadpoles, and snails.

• Body Form or Style: Fusiform • Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform • Mouth Position: Terminal • Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procambarus_clarkii

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procambarus_clarkii�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 69 Common Name: Water Flea Scientific Name: Daphnia pulex Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda

Class: Branchiopoda Order: Cladocera

Family: Daphniidae

Geography / Habitat: Daphnia pulex is the most common species of the water flea, an organism which can be found in almost every permanent, eutrophic water body.Daphnia can be found in almost any permanent body of water, even in rain-filled tire ruts or several meters from the ground, growing in tree moss in a rainforest. They are mainly freshwater and the highest concentrations of Daphnia populations are found in the vegetation in most lakes and ponds. They are often the most abundant organism in a body of water. Food / Feed Strategy: Daphnia are oftened used to clear fish tanks of algae "bloom" because of their diet of bacteria, fine detritus, and very small algae particles. They are filter feeders meaning they do not usually actively seek food; they merely create a constant movement of water using their thoraic legs through their carapace where they are able to filter out any food particles with the setae and direct these towards the mouth.

● Body Form or Style: Globiform ● Swim / Locomotion Style: Carangiform ● Mouth Position: Tubular

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Daphnia_pulex/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Daphnia_pulex/�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 70 Common Name: Atlantic marsh fiddler Scientific Name: Uca pugnax Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda


Family: Ocypodidae

Geography / Habitat: Atlantic marsh fiddler lives predominately along the Mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Lives in saltmarshes along the Mid-Atlantic coast. Marsh fiddler crabs construct burrows that are utilized for mating, rest, and "hibernation" during the winter. Food / Feed Strategy: it emerges from their burrows at low tides to feed. Uca pugnax are filter feeders, feeding on detritus. This species feeds by scooping mud into their mouths and filtering out the detritus. The detritus is separated from the mud by water pumped through their gills.

● Body Form or Style: N/A ● Swim / Locomotion Style: N/A ● Mouth Position: N/A

• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Uca_pugnax/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Uca_pugnax/�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 71 Common Name: Mosquito shrimp

Scientific Name: Caridina gracilirostris

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda


Family: Atyidae

Geography / Habitat: In the wild, it is found in mangroves and marshes.

Food / Feed Strategy: Caridina gracilirostris is an algae-eating species of shrimp.

• Body Form or Style: Elongated • Swim / Locomotion Style: Movements from side to side of the tail. • Mouth Position: Terminal

Citation: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caridina_gracilirostris

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caridina_gracilirostris�

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Caridina_gracilirostris.JPG�


Title: Freshwater – Invertebrates Species # 72 Common Name: White Ghost Lobster Scientific Name: Cherax destructor Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthopoda


Family: arastacidae

Geography / Habitat: This species inhabits coral and rocky reefs and is generally found in deeper areas on the outer reef. Food / Feed Strategy: They eat about1% to 4% of their body weight every three days depending on their body weight. They feed on algae’s, or anything they can find smaller than them. Like Many other types of lobsters.


Citation: http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=1075+1668&pcatid=1668

http://www.liveaquaria.com/product/prod_display.cfm?c=1075+1668&pcatid=1668�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 73 Common Name: Zebra Mussel Scientific Name: Dreissena polymorpha Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia Order: Veneroida

Family: Dreissenidae

Geography / Habitat: Zebra mussels were originally found in the drainage basins of the Black and Caspian Seas, including the Danube, Dniester, Volga, and Ural Rivers. Zebra mussels live in still or slow-moving freshwater, and attach themselves to any hard surface under water, natural or man-made, including rocks, submerged wood, boat hulls, buoys, docks, and water intake pipes. Food / Feed Strategy: Zebra mussels filter their food from the water. They eat mainly single-cell organisms, such as bacteria, blue-green algae, small green algae, and protozoans. They also consume very fine detritus particles.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Dreissena_polymorpha/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Dreissena_polymorpha/�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 74 Common Name: Duck Mussel Scientific Name: Villosa fabalis Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca

Class: Bivalvia Order: Unionoida

Family: Unionidae

Geography / Habitat: The rayed-bean is found in sporadic in the Ohio River drainage north to Lake Erie drainages in Michigan and Ontario, and in the Duck and the upper Tennessee Rivers.he rayed bean is found in lakes and small to large streams. Substrates in inhabits include mud, sand and gravel. This species may also be associated with water willow stands. Food / Feed Strategy: They are filter feeders. The mussels use cilia to pump water into the incurrent siphon where food is caught in a mucus lining in the demibranchs. Particles are sorted by the labial palps and then directed to the mouth. Mussels have been cultured on algae, but they may also ingest bacteria, protozoans and other organic particles.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Villosa_fabalis/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Villosa_fabalis/�


Title : Freshwater invertebrate Species # 75 Common Name: California spiny lobster Scientific Name: Panulirus interruptus Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda


Family: Palinuridae

Geography / Habitat: California spiny lobsters are found on the Pacific coast of North America from Monterey Bay, California to Baja California, Mexico. They are occasionally found within the Gulf of California.California spiny lobsters prefer rocky reef habitats, where they den in crevices. They occasionally are found in tide pools, but are more frequently found in deeper water up to 65 m in depth. Food / Feed Strategy: California spiny lobsters are omnivorous bottom feeders that scavenge dead animals, algae, and detritus. They also consume invertebrates such as the species of mussel Mytilus californianus and urchins. California spiny lobsters use their mandibles to chip away at the shells of M. californianus In the winter; California spiny lobsters occasionally eat coralline algae. Their diet varies seasonally, and males generally consume a wider variety of prey than females.


• Citation: http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Panulirus_interruptus/

http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Panulirus_interruptus/�

mohamed kamar :fish id project

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