module 3 - nptelnptel.ac.in/courses/122106032/pdf/3_4.pdf · management science ii ... inventory...
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
MODULE 3
Materials Management
Materials Requirements Planning (Mrp)
Materials Requirements Planning (Mrp)
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
A Typical Mrp
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Comparison Of Mrp And Traditional Systems
Dimension MRP Traditional
Demand Dependent Independent
Order Philosophy Requirements Replenishment
Forecast Based on master schedule
Based on past demand
Control Concept Control on all items ABC
Objectives Meet manufacturing needs
Meet customer needs
Lot Sizing Discrete EOQ
Demand Pattern Lumpy but predictable Random
Types of Inventory Work-in-process and raw materials
Finished goods and spare parts
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Logical Analysis Preceding Mrp
• When do we want to make how many of each product?
• What components are required?
• How many of each of these is already on hand?
• How many have already been ordered? When will they arrive?
• When are more needed and how many more?
• When should these be ordered?
Requirements For A Sound Mrp
• A valid master plan
• Accurate bills of materials
• Accurate information on current inventories
• Accurate information on orders already placed.
• Reliable lead times
• An adequate flow of materials
Pre-Requisites Of Mrp
• A time-phased master production schedule in which every item is described by bill of materials (BOM)
• A unique no. identifying each component and the parent in every BOM
• Properly structured, accurate BOM and tight control of engineering changes
• Accurate current inventory balances
• Accurate quantities and reliable delivery dates
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
• Reliable lead times
• Further requirements for practical application
• Computer software and hardware to handle huge volume of data
• Timely reporting of issues, receipts, inventory adjustments and order releases
• Discipline in handling and order releases
• Capable people (for handling and deciding)
Reasons For Failure Of Mrp
• It is part of an incomplete system
• Driven by an invalid / mismanaged Master Production Schedule
• Inaccurate data
• Improperly structured BOM
• Under qualified users
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Manufacturing Resource Planning (Mrp-Ii)
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Just In Time (Jit) Manufacturing
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Steps To Jit Manufacture
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Steps To Jit Manufacture Jit Vs. Mrp: A Comparison
JIT MRP
Vendors Part of your team Adversaries
Scrap Eliminate Tolerate
Maintenance Constant care to minimize breakdowns
Not critical, allow queues
Lead times Minimize Plan with them
Workers Involve them Impersonal-drive them
Inventory Liability, try to eliminate Asset, useful to absorb fluctuations
JIT VS. MRP: A COMPARISON (CONTD.)
JIT MRP
Lot size Bare minimum (Single piece?)
To balance set-up cost & holding cost
Set-ups Cut down the time Plan for them
Queues (WIP)
Eliminate PRO-ACTIVE
Necessary RE-ACTIVE
Suitability High to medium volume Medium to low volume
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Evolution Of Manufacturing Control Systems Order Point system
Forecast with past data. Inventory control with EOQ and ABC analysis.
Mrp Based on Master schedule, B.O.M. and predicted demand. Complete inventory control. Convenient lot-size.
Evolution Of Manufacturing Control Systems (Contd.) Mrp Ii
• Incorporates capacity planning.
• Incorporates feed back.
Jit • Emphasis on waste reduction.
• Aim for Zero defect.
• Aim for Zero Inventory.
• Quick change-overs.
• Small lots.
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Multi-Skilled Worker
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Kanban
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
Inventory Control
Inventory Control Costs In Inventory Control
• Item cost or unit cost
• Ordering / set-up cost
• Clerical,
• administrative,
• expediting,
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
• transportation, etc.,
Costs In Inventory Control • Inventory carrying costs
• Locked-up capital
• storage space
• handling,
• taxes (?)
• insurance
• obsolescence,
• deterioration,
• maintaining records
• Shortage costs
• Overtime requirements due to shortage
• special clerical and administrative costs, expediting
• loss of goodwill (?)
• special transportation
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
• lost production time
Classification Of Inventory Models
• Static
• Dynamic
• Deterministic
• Probabilistic
• Uncertain
Probabilistic
Stock Level
Time �
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
A Typical Inventory Model
Order quantity
= Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) + Safety (buffer) stock
- inventory on hand
- units on order
+ average demand over lead time
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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Management Science II Dr.T.T.Narendran
Indian Institute of Technology Madras
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