modular scalable micro grid: icepag 2016 presentation

Eco Energy Micro Grid

Modular, Scalable Micro Grid Incorporating Traditional and Renewable Energy Systems

P D Madden, PET D Lowe, PhD

Energy Technologies, Inc.

March 23, 2016


DOE Definition:

Microgrid: “a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode.”


Military Microgrids: Why the DOD is Leading the Pack

“Microgrids can shrink the amount of fossil fuels consumed to create electricity by networking generators as a system to maximize efficiency. Yet, they can also be used to help integrate renewable energy resources (such as wind and solar) at the local distribution grid level.”

-Navigant Research


EPA Definition:

“Renewable energy is electricity generated by fuel sources that restore themselves over a short period of time and do not diminish.

Although some renewable energy technologies have an impact on the environment, renewables are considered environmentally preferable to conventional sources and, when replacing fossil fuels, have significant potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”


Assumptions:

• Electricity is the common energy transfer medium of a Micro Grid.

• System of Systems approach allows modular implementation on both legacy and new grids.

• Lessons learned from systems developed for Military applications can apply commercially.

• Micro Grids typically apply to a defined region, but the control strategies can also apply to a geographically diverse distributed system.


Micro Grid Benefits (Economic):• Reduced fossil fuel use by operating more efficiently• Ability to offset fossil fuels with renewables• Ability to choose lowest cost energy source• Reduced peak demand charges from utility by bringing on additional generation, using stored energy or shaving load • Reduced capacity charges with managed generation• Sell excess energy back to utility• Reduced generator wet-stacking and maintenance• Optimize overall maintenance scheduling with better logs• Reduced troubleshooting time with better real-time data• Reduced manpower with computer monitoring and control


Micro Grid Benefits (Other):• Increased overall reliability and stability• Less risk of cascading events• Protection of critical loads• Controlled power quality• Reduced blackout or brownout risk• Reduced greenhouse gas emissions• Reduced single point failures• Ability to modularly integrate new technologies as available

Eco Energy Micro GridSystem of Systems Architecture Based on Modular Micro Cell Design


Grid Power

Intelligent Transfer Switch

UnprotectedAC Load nAll

ModuleInterface

PDUControl Module

UnprotectedAC Load 1

ECU(Thermostat &

Micro-Grid Regulated)

Load 1

Vehicle Interface NATO Connector

Wind Turbines

Solar Panels

Battery Modules

Load n IntelligentPDU

DC to ACInverter / UPS

1-Phase

3-Phase

Conditioned & Battery Backed Power

AC to DCRectifier / Charger

Unconditioned AC Power Bus

DC Power Bus

Generator Control Interface

Engine Generators

Master Control & Configuration

Fuel Cells

Modular MicroGrid / MicroCell Design


The system is comprised of the following modules:

• Master Control & Configuration Display Module (MCCDM)

• Hybrid Intelligent Micro Grid Controller (HIGC)

• Generator Interface/Control Module (GIFC)

• Intelligent AC Transfer Switch Module (ITSM)

• Solar DC Charge Control Module (SCCM)

• Wind Generator DC Charge Control Module (WCCM)


The system is comprised of the following modules:(continued)

• NATO Vehicle Interface Charge Controller Module (VCCM)

• Energy Storage Module & Controller (ESMC) Li-Ion Based

• Intelligent AC & DC Power Distribution Unit (IAPDU & IDPDU)

• AC & DC PDU Interface Module (APDUIM & DPDUIM)

• DC to AC Inverter Module 1-Phase (IMSP) & 3-Phase (IMTP)

• AC to DC Charger Module (ADCM)


Master Control & Configuration Display Module (MCCDM)• Main interface to the system • Laptop computer or a computer server depending on system size. • Menu based human interface and configuration data management. • Allows specific configurations for power generation, load balancing, automated module fault restoration and system optimization. • Data element modules contain and support multi-level configuration access protection.

This module has three basic functions: 1.Configuration set up2.Monitoring3.Performance and data gathering


MGS CSCIMicroGrid Computer Software Configuration Item

Power -up InitializationMicroG Subsystem InitializationMicroG Configuration VerificationMicroG Hardware Verification

Operation Script SequencingFault MonitoringData Logging

Communication Data PostingEvent Log PostingHeartbeat and Status PostingCommand Reception

MaintenanceScript PreprocessingHardware Calibration

GeneratorAttachDetatch

Tools

Load

Modeling (AutoDISE)Reporting (Data Processor)

Reporting (Event Logs)

Data AcquisitionCommunications

AttachDetatchData AcquisitionCommunications

Diagnostics

BatteryAttachDetatchData Acquisition

Operator GUI

Operator DisplaysOperator Input

Display Update Software Communications

Micro Grid Computer System Software Architecture

Eco Energy Micro GridState Mode

Tran

spor

tSystem OFF

Unload

Load SystemSetUp Power On

Power Off InitializationEnabled

Stan

dby

Standby

Maintenance

Grid Control Online

SubmodeN

on-O

pera

tiona

lO

pera

tiona

l

Grid

Con

trol

Empl

aced

System Verification

Command Standby

Command Battle Short

Command Online

Command Standby

Command Standby

ABORT Button

Command Power Off

Battle Short

Grid Control ABORT

System Fault

ABORT Button

ABORT Button

Command Online

Command Battle Short

Command Online

Command Reboot

Command Standby

Command Maintenance

Command Maintenance

Command Maintenance

N2 Chart with Micro Grid States and Modes


Hybrid Intelligent Grid Controller (HIGC) • Master controller of the configured system or sub-system, depending on system size and complexity• Modular and can be configured for various power ratings based

on application• Module takes the input power resource and distributes and controls as configured without any dependence on additional controller modules • Interface to support setting up a configuration via a portable device when the master control and configuration display module is not configured in small applications• Default configuration/operations reside in this module for all battle short algorithmic functions and actions


Generator Interface/Control Module (GIFC)• Configured to allow interface to a wide range of generators• Interprets the system commands to the control functions of the

generator for starting, paralleling and status functions• Capability to monitor consumables such as fuel and oil levels • Module will take and execute all commands from the HIGC based

on the configuration settings and shut down requirements as defined by the algorithmic functions of the system

• Interface module will also contain a fall back or battle short capability as these modules will be located on the generator and may not necessarily be located close to the HIGC


Intelligent AC Transfer Switch Module (ITSM)

• The Intelligent Transfer Switch Module interfaces to power generating sources and is configured in a fall back configuration that will allow the power to be distributed to the AC support bus

• ITSM has an intelligent interface that will operate based on the command requirements of the Hybrid Intelligent Grid Controller

• Upon loss of generating power, the HIGC can command the ITSM to disconnect from the generator and connect battery supplied inverters to the AC bus allowing continued operation of critical loads

• ITSM can support a local grid power sources and switch to the grid power to the AC support bus


Energy Storage Module & Controller (ESMC) Li-Ion Based• 3X the power density of standard lead acid batteries

• 1/3 the weight of standard batteries

• Individual modules have Intelligent Software Monitoring and Control

• Interfaces with Hybrid Intelligent MicroGrid Controller


Li-Ion Interface – String Level example


Li-Ion Interface – Cell Level example


Intelligent AC Power Distribution Unit (IAPDU)Intelligent DC Power Distribution Unit (IDPDU)

• Intelligent power distribution modules contain an interface and control module for each input and output connection

• Will operate based on the command requirements of the Hybrid Intelligent Grid Controller and/or manual mode

• Algorithms include assigned priority load shedding and sequential start-up and shut-down procedures

AC PDU Interface Module (APDUIM) DC PDU Interface Module (DPDUIM)

• Intended to interface to existing PDU panels to allow the monitoring and control functions of the Intelligent PDU


Screen shot example of Intelligent PDU setup elements:

Eco Energy Micro GridHybrid Energy Forward Operating Base

Wind/ Solar

Charge Controller Module

Wind Turbine

Shelter Solar Array

120 Watt Solar Array

Tactical Inverter with

Battery Modules

Nickel Metal HydrideFuel Cell

Power Plant

Tactical Field Office

JP8Tactical

Generator

ModularECU

Medusa Cable

Kit Tele-scoping Carbon Fiber Mast

Hybrid IntelligentMicro GridController

Battery Modules


Demonstrations and Evaluation Testing• Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) Ft. Irwin, CA

• Twentynine Palms Expeditionary Energy Concepts (E2C)

• Holliman Air Force Base, NM, long term testing

• Tyndall Air Force Base, FL, long term testing

• Southern Command (various undisclosed locations)

• Jungle Tropics in Costa Rica

• Desert Conditions in Kuwait, long term testing

• Severe Winter Conditions in South Dakota


Twentynine Palms E2C System Set Up


Military Eco Energy Micro Grid Installations


Distributed Micro Cell / Micro Grid Installations


Renewable Energy Non-Renewable Energy

Secondary Energy Sources

Wind

Geothermal

Water

Biomass*

Solar

Electricity Coal

Hydrogen

Natural Gas

Nuclear

Oil

Biogas*

* Biomass includes Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Biogas includes Landfill Gas (LFG)


Adding Bio Renewables to a Micro Grid• Regions covered by Micro Grids generally include organic waste materials: i.e. municipal and agricultural waste

• The bio waste materials can be converted directly into hydrogen while reducing landfill requirements

• The EPA now considers landfill gas and digester biogas as renewable energy sources

• The biogases can be converted directly into hydrogen while reducing flaring or other methods of eliminating them

• The hydrogen can be sold into the merchant market at a profit or it can be used in fuel cells to produce electricity


Examples of Hydrogen Bio Reformationwith No Greenhouse Gases Released

Bio Reforming of Cellulose (i.e. Municipal Solid Waste)(C6H10O5)n + 12nNaOH + nH2O ↔ 6nNa2CO3 + 12nH2

Bio Reforming of Methane (i.e. Landfill Gas/Biogas)CH4 + 2NaOH + H2O ↔ Na2CO3 + 4H2

Bio Reforming of EthanolC2H5OH + 4NaOH + H2O ↔ 2Na2CO3 + 6H2

Bio Reforming of MethanolCH3OH + 2NaOH ↔ Na2CO3 + 3H2


MSW to Hydrogen Production Facility

MSW from landfill

Eco H2® Planned Bio Reformation Facility at new Eco Park in Cimahi, Indonesia


Bio Gas / Landfill Gas to Hydrogen Production Facility

Bio Reformation of Methane to H2, Single 2000 kg/day Unit


Example: 1800 kg/day EcoH2® Hydrogen Bio ReformerSupplying a 1 MW Fuel Cell and Energy Storage


Conclusions• Experiences from the military testing can be applied to other commercial or industrial Micro Grid applications

• Applying the Micro Cell approach to the Micro Grid offers the ability to expand as needed both regionally or globally

• Introduction of renewable energy sources into a Micro Grid may add complexity, but can improve overall economics and reduce the overall carbon footprint

• Utilizing Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) and/or Biogas to make H2 reduces waste disposal issues while producing H2 at a lower cost compared to traditional methods

• The H2 produced can be sold at a profit or used to generate additional power via fuel cells


Contact Information

P D Madden, PE, [email protected]

T D Lowe, PhD, VP of [email protected]

Energy Technologies, Inc.219 Park Avenue EastMansfield, OH 44902-18451.419.522.4444 Voice1.419.522.4466 Fax

www.EcoEnergyMicroGrid.com

www.HybridEnergyTechnologies.com

modular scalable micro grid: icepag 2016 presentation

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