modern trends in planning for active distribution...

Modern trends in planning for Active Distribution Systems

Remarks of CIGRE WG C6.19

Prof. Gianni Celli Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering

University of Cagliari (Italy)

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!2Prof.GianniCelli–SymposiumORES2015

ADN – What is that?

“Ac?ve distribu?on networks have systems in place tocontrol a combina?on of distributed energy resources(DERs), defined as generators, loads and storage.Distribu?on system operators have the possibility ofmanaging the electricity flows using a flexible networktopology. DERs take some degree of responsibility forsystem support, which will depend on a suitableregulatoryenvironmentandconnec?onagreement.”

Asharedglobaldefini?onofac?vedistribu?onnetworkswasdevelopedbyCIGREWorkingGroupC6.11:

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environmentalandregulatorypressure

marketliberaliza?onandoverallefficiency

securityofsupply+increasequalityofservice

“copper”investmentspostponement

increasingdispersedrenewablegenera?on(DG)

flexibility(storage,electricvehicle,ac?vedemand)

Active Distribution Networks 2/2

Introduction Objectives�and�method Overview�of�results Conclusions

Why active distribution networks are needed?

Copperplate Smart grid applications

OR

Increase�of�distributed�energy�resources�(DER)�leads�to:

Active�control(MicroͲgrid,�VPP,�DSI,�etc.)

Passive�control

ProsumerHV MV LV

scenario BaU

current reality

~100MW~10MW ~kW

Key Drivers

3Prof.GianniCelli–SymposiumORES2015

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Planning is still based on: … but has to: Demand forecast macroeconomic and

historical models forecast for load and DG production(*)

Load data forecast customer usage and territorial planning

incorporate information on DER development

Planning alternatives (scenarios)

compliance with standards based on traditional supply side options

considerate active network solutions and integrate risk variable

Approach deterministic models switch to probabilistic (*) extreme scenarios considered

Decision making under such volatility and uncertainty?


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Operations Planning Trend real-time or near real-time decisions

“long-time” decision shorten planning cycles

alternative scenario (contingency) is always “prepared”

alternative scenario is highly scrutinized

future is “foggy” and it is difficult to realize impacts

operational procedures are fundamental

analyses procedures are also fundamental

new variables to be incorporated

decisions evolve risk risk highly mitigated risk incorporation decisions affect the present

decisions affect mostly the future

systems integration to improve decisions


Decision making process in operations and planning?


CIGRE WG C6.19

Changing&of&planning&objec1ves:'mostly'oriented'to'the'maximum&exploita1on&of&exis1ng&assets,'by'working'distribu3on'networks'much'closer'to'their'physical'limits.'

It'is'crucial'that'modern&planning&tools&integrate&ADN&solu1ons&in'the'set'of'feasible'alterna3ves'(CIGRE'WG'C6.11)'in'order'to'iden3fy'the'best'balance'with'tradi3onal'network'expansion.'''

“Today,'while'of'interest'to'many'u3li3es,'ADN'concept'fails'to'be'taken'seriously'by'

u3li3es'as'viable'alterna3ves'in'the'planning'process.”''

CIGRE&WG&C6.19&Survey&on&methods&and&tools&for&planning&of&ADN&

Main'reasons:'1)'lack'of'planning'tools,'

2)'lack'of'ad'hoc'business'cases.'

Introduc3on'


Typical Planning Process Typical planning process

Acquiring information from markets and customers

Forecasting of demand or distributed generation

Network analysis

Alternatives research

Evaluation and selection of alternatives

Design of selected alternative


1

2

3

4

5

6


CIGRE WG C6.19 - Survey

Alignment with typical planning process

More than 90% of respondents confirmed to perform the steps of the typical planning process

Acquiring information from markets and customers.

Forecasting of demand or distributed generation

Network analysis

Alternatives research

Design of selected alternative

Other activities, with regard to planning of distribution network

Evaluation and selection of alternatives

1

2

3

45

6


Alignment with typical planning process



Research for planning alternatives 4. Alternatives research

Regulatory restrictions, codes and (inter)national standards.

Information from markets and environment.

Scenarios and forecasts.

Terms under which the problem in the network may occur.

State of the assets.

Maintenance and refurbishment plans.

Load or congestion management included in the list of alternatives.

Consider other aspects which are not listed.

Utilize internal or national guidelines or standards on the identification of alternatives.

Have adapted new approaches, or plan to do so.

Effect of potential Demand Side Integration activity.

During development of alternatives company policy and

objectives are considered.

Economical and financial implications of the alternative.

Most utilities make little consideration for active network solutions




Research for planning alternatives 4. Alternatives research

















4. Alternatives research



















Evaluation and Selection of alternatives

5. Evaluation and selection of alternatives

Evaluation of a selection of alternatives in compliance with requirements during

'Alternatives research'.

Prioritization matrix is applied for selection of preferred alternative.

Standard tools are developed or purchased

for evaluation of alternatives.

Other considerations.

Have internal or national guidelines or standards on alternative analysis

and selection.

Have adapted new approaches, or plan to

do so.


Active control is not a selection criteria!



Evaluation and Selection of alternatives









and selection.


do so.











and selection.


do so.





Design of selected alternative 6. Design of selected alternative

Selected alternative is translated into a design for a project or other activities.

During design, policy to implement active control on the distribution network is adapted.

Selecting a group of network components for remote or

automated control is a design precondition.

Automation of voltage control at high voltage level

is a design precondition.

Automation of voltage control at the medium voltage level is

a design precondition.

Remote control at high voltage level is a design

precondition.

Remote control at medium voltage level is a design precondition.


Remote control at low voltage level is a design

precondition.

� Active control especially at HV and MV backbone infrastructure� Most designs are based on predefined conditions




Design of selected alternative 6. Design of selected alternative










precondition.




precondition.



6. Design of selected alternative










precondition.




precondition.



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² No-network solutions

² Enhanced load and generation representation

² Probabilistic models

² Explicit representation of DSE and Measurement system

² Explicit representation of ICT

² Risk assessment

² Multi-objective programming


New Distribution Planning

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“Fit and Forget” approach


ü Onlynetworksolu?onsü  Single-Objec?ve(costs)

ü Determinis?cPlanning

alternative(s)

Deterministic network

calculations

Cost evaluation

Any constraint violation?

Network reinforcement

Acceptable planning solution?

STOP

yes

yes

no

no

Definition of planning study

Theoccurrenceofworstscenariosisextremelyrare.

Traditional Planning

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Customers’ Data Modelling

Generation of planning

alternative(s)

Probabilistic Network

Calculation

[Multi]-Objective alternative evaluation

Unacceptable risk of constraint

violation?

ACTIVE MANAGEMENT (no-network solutions)

Compromise among network and no-network solutions


STOP

Active Management examined?

yes

yes

yes

no

no

no


Novel Planning

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alternative(s)


Calculation



violation?




STOP


yes

yes

yes

no

no

no


Novel Planning Nomorebasedonasnapshotoftheopera?ngcondi?onsbuton>medependentmodelstocapturetheopera?onalaspectsthatcanaffectplanningstage.


Novel Planning – Data Modelling

Twopossibledirec?onscanbefollowedtorepresentthehourlyvariabilityofdemandandgenera?on:

Classifica?onofallstatesinayear,groupedintosometypicalcondi?ons

(clusters)

1


Novel Planning – Data Modelling

Twopossibledirec?onscanbefollowedtorepresentthehourlyvariabilityofdemandandgenera?on:

Classifica?onofallstatesinayear,groupedintosometypicalcondi?ons

(clusters)

1

2 Iden?fica?onofdis?nc?vedailypaFerns,segmentedinelementaryintervals

0 2412

:uncertaintyband

LoadP

hours

P

µP

costantstandarddeviationσP

hours0 24

WindgenerationP

µP

σP =0

hours0 24

Biomass generationP

hours0 24

variablemeanpoweroutputµP

andstandarddeviationσP

Photovoltaic generation

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alternative(s)


Calculation



violation?




STOP


yes

yes

yes

no

no

no


Novel Planning 1.  probabilis?cmodelstobeaer

representplanningdata2.  theintroduc?onoftherisk

conceptintheselec?onofplanningalterna?ves.


Novel Planning




alternative(s)


Calculation



violation?




STOP


yes

yes

yes

no

no

no

Integra?onofADN:ü  Ac?onscon?nuouslyappliedin

normalopera?on;ü  Ac?onsexecutedoccasionallyto

sa?sfyopera?onalconstraints

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alternative(s)


Calculation



violation?




STOP


yes

yes

yes

no

no

no


Novel Planning ü Needtofindcompromisesolu?onsfortheconflic?nggoalsofsystemstakeholders

ü Differentobjec?vefunc?ons(notonlycosts).

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alternative(s)


Calculation



violation?




STOP


yes

yes

yes

no

no

no


Novel Planning

Alwayscombinedwiththeapplica?onofDecisionMakingtools

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02004006008001000120014001600

F&F Prob_5% Prob_20% ADN_PQ DESNetworkCA

PEX[k€]

1

4

10

23

24

5

12

22

20

21

2

6

1618

17

19 13

14

15

9

11

7

8

3

WT– 5MW

PV– 3.5MW

PV– 2.5MW

PV– 2.5MW

PV– 0.5MW

Trunk feederrefurbishment

150 mm2

DES

Practical application

Prof.GianniCelli–SymposiumORES2015

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²  Inclusion of low voltage systems

²  Demand side integration in planning

²  Time granularity

²  Interface between TSO/DSO

²  Reduction of complexity

²  Data analytics and clustering

²  Integration of multiple services/infrastructures

²  Role of distribution systems in new markets


Challenges


ICT role for ADN

Benefits

IncreasedComplexity

• Increasedsystemawareness• Automatedcontrolresponse• Resourcesintegra?on• Customerpar?cipa?on• Systemadapta?on

• Mul?pleopera?ngdomains• Controllayercoordina?on• Spa?alandtemporalvaria?ons


ICT role for ADN

PrimarySubstation

SecondarySubstation

TieBreaker

CB

SSSS CB CB SS SS

CB:CircuitBreakerSS:SectionalizingSwitch

CB

Normallyclosed

Normallyopen

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

IED

SCADA

DMS

IED:IntelligentElectronicDeviceDMS:DistributionManagementSystemEMS:microgrid EnergyManagementSystemSCADA:SupervisoryControlAndDataAcquisition

MVIntentionalIsland

DG

DG

DG

DESDES

DES

Communicationlink

EMS

LVMicrogrid MicrogridCommunicationlink

The ICT infrastructure is not an add-on of the power systems, is an essential part.


ICT role for ADN – Reliability

Enhanced Reliability Functions of ADN

Concerns

²  Intentional Islanding ²  Fault Identification ²  Auto-Reconfiguring Networks ²  Volt/var Control

²  Reliability improvement quantification? ²  Reliability of the active management and ICT? ²  Degree of reliance? ²  Security Issues?


ICT role for ADN – Reliability

TwokindsofreliabilityanalysisarerequiredforADN

Quan>fica>onofthebenefitsintroducedbynewsolu?ons(e.g.inten?onalislanding)

1stcategory

Considerexplicitlythereliabilityoftheenablingtechnologies(par$cularlythatofICT)neededtoimplementspecificANDapplica?onsinordertoevaluatetheireffectonthereliabilityofthewholesystem.

2ndcategory


ICT role for ADN – Reliability Calculation Historically, … ☛  Passive network operation ☛  Simple network topology

“contingency analysis” deterministic approach (N-1)

ADNOpe

ra>o

ns

Bi-direc?onalpowerAdv.controlsDERvaria?onsSelfHealingCustomerpar?cipa?onIslandingEnergystorage

Characteris>cs ▲Systemstates▲VariabilityPeak≠worst-case

Assessmen

t Stochas?cSimula?on

But, …

•  State-Enumeration (small and simple systems) •  Monte Carlo Simulation (no chronological aspect) •  Sequential MCS (highest computational burden) •  Pseudo-Sequential MCS (good compromise)


ICT role for AND - Implementation Challenges

Monitoring,Sensors,andData

DistributedControlsIntegra?on

Distribu>onManagementSystemmustconsiderreliabilityrequirements

ModelBasedManagement

ArchitectureandInteroperability


ICT role for AND – Communications Requirements

²  Network latency ²  Data criticality ²  Time synchronization ²  Security ²  Reliability

Requirementsmustbeassessedduringthedesignstageandcon?nuouslythereaier


ICT role for AND – ICT reliability

²  System Failures Time-out failures Network failures Resource failures

²  Control System Resiliency

²  System Restoration

²  Cross-Technology Interaction

²  Security


ICT role for AND – Co-simulation ²  It refers to the simultaneous simulation of power delivery and

communications networks.

² Nowadays each function is simulated separately with each study discipline assuming the other works perfectly.

² This is one of the larger gaps in tools for planning ADNs that are heavily reliant on communications and control working as intended.

²  Interactive simulation utilizing existing distribution and cyber simulation platforms is a potential avenue for performing reliability assessments.

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Conclusions

² Companies still adopt traditional planning tools

² Traditional planning are not suited for the incoming future

² New planning methodologies are required

²  Operation in planning

²  Data Modelling

²  Risk and reliability analysis

²  Co-simulation of ICT and Power Systems

²  The CIGRE WG C6.19 final report has been published in August 2014


Credits

ü  Fabrizio Pilo (convener)

ü  Samuel Jupe ü  Federico Silvestro ü  Khalil el Bakari ü  Tony Hearne ü  Luis (Nando) Ochoa ü  Jason Taylor ü  …. and all the WG members

Thank you!!!

[email protected]

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