Modern Latin American History

Carlos Enrique Alemáncarlos.e.aleman@gmail.com

Latin American-U.S. Relations Books

Shoultz, Lars. Beneath the United States: A History of U.S. Policy toward Latin America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Holden, Robert H. and Eric Zolov, eds. Latin America and the United States: A Documentary History. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Latin America and U.S. Relations

• Latin America and U.S. Empire

• Cold War

• Immigration/Latinos in the U.S.

Latin America and U.S. Empire

• Manifest Destiny

• Mexican-American War

• William Walker

• Central American Canal

• Spanish-American War

• U.S. Occupations (Cuba, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua)

Background

• Latin American independence

• Manifest Destiny

Mexican-American War

• U.S. immigrants encouraged by Spain and later newly independent republic of Mexico to settle northern lands (Texas)

• Settler requirements

• Republic of Texas (1836)

• Texas annexed to United States (1845)

• Mexican-American War (1846)

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)

William Walker (1855-1860)

• Mercenary William Walker invited to settle political war between two majot parties in Nicaragua

• Takes advantage of unrest and declares himself president of Nicaragua

• Declares English official language and legalizes slavery in Nicaragua

Central American Canal

• Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850)• Both the United States and the United

Kingdom renounce the right to build a canal under the exclusive control of either nation.

• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty (1901)

• Hay-Herrán Treaty (1903)

• Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty (1903)

Spanish-American War: “A Splendid Little War”

• Cuban Struggle for Independence

• Sinking of U.S.S. Maine (1898)

• Teller Amendment (1898)

• Treaty of Paris (1898)

U.S. Occupation (Cuba and Puerto Rico)

• The Platt Amendment (1901)

• The Jones Act (1917)

Nicaraguan Occupation

• Political unrest in Nicaragua

• US sends in Marines

• Bryan-Chamorro Treaty

• Sandino

• Somoza

Good Neighbor Policy

• FDR

• Non-Intervention

The Cold War

• Guatemala 1954

• Cuba 1959

• Chile 1972

• Nicaragua 1979

Guatemala 1954

• Ten Years of Spring

• Juan Jose Arevalo

• Jacobo Arbenz

• Operation PBSuccess

Cuba 1959

• 26th of July Movement

• Cuban Revolution overthrows Fulgencio Bautista

• Bay of Pigs Invasion

• Missile Crisis

Chile 1972

• Salvador Allende

• Augusto Pinochet

Nicaragua 1979

• Somoza Dynasty

• FSLN

• 1979 Revolution

• Contra War

Latino Immigration

• Mexican Repatriation (1930s)

• Bracero Program (1942-1964)

• Operation Wetback (1954)

Latino Immigration

• Immigration Act (1965)

• Cuban Adjustment Act (1966)

• IRCA (1986)

• Cuban Migration Agreement “Wet Foot/Dry Foot Policy” (1995)

• NACARA (1996)

Latino Immigration

• California Proposition 187 (1994)

• Arizona SB 1070 (2010)

• Georgia HB 87 (2011)