models to understand human behaviour

7/30/2019 Models to Understand Human Behaviour

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Models to Understand Human

Behaviour

Psychoanalytic Model

Id Ego

Superego


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Behaviour

Existential ModelIts base is literature and

philosophy.

Individuals shape their own identity

and make their "existence" meaningful and

worthwhile to themselves.


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Behaviour

Personality vs. the Environment

Both personality and situational variables must

be taken into account in order to explain an

individual's behaviour but a focus on the

environment is as important or perhaps slightly

more important than focusing on personality

traits.


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Behaviour

Cognition vs. the Environment

To understand one's behaviour all we have to

know is the individual's past responses tosimilar (stimulus) situations and the rewards

or punishments that followed that response.


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There are two models which come out ofthese approaches:

Behaviouristic Model - (StimulusResponse)S-R

Cognitive Model - (Stimulus-Organism-Response) S-O-R


Behaviour


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Theories of Personality

Thinking Types Feeling Types

Do not show emotion readily

and are often uncomfortabledealing with people's feelings.

May hurt people's feelings

without knowing it.

Like analysis and putting things

into logical order; can get

along without harmony.

Tend to be very aware of other

people and their feelings.

Enjoy pleasing people, even in

unimportant things.

Like harmony. Efficiently may

be badly disturbed by office

feuds

Thinking Types versus Feeling Types: Characteristics of Each


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Thinking Types Feeling Types

Need to be treated fairly.

Are able to reprimand people

or fire them when necessary.

Are more analytically oriented;respond easily to peoples

thoughts.

Tend to be firm minded.

Need occasional praise.

Dislike telling people

unpleasant things.

Are more people-oriented;respond easily to people's

values.

Tend to be sympathetic.


Thinking Types versus Feeling Types: Characteristics of Each


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Judging Types Perceptive Types

Work best when they can plan

their work and follow the plan.

Like to get things settled and

finished.

May decide things too quickly.

May dislike to interrupt the

project they are on for a more

urgent one.

Adapt well to changes.

Do not mind leaving things open

for alterations.

May have trouble making

decisions.

May start too many projects and

have difficulty finishing them.

Judging Types versus Perceptive Types: Characteristics of Each


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Judging Types versus Perceptive Types: Characteristics of Each

Judging Types Perceptive Types

May not notice knew things that

need to be done.

Want only essentials needed to

begin their work.

Tend to be satisfied once they

reach a judgement on a thing,

situation, or person.

May postpone unpleasant

things.

Want to know all about a new

job.

Tend to be curious and

welcome new information on a

thing, situation, or person.


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Development of Personality: Erikson's 8 life stages

Stage One, infancy

Stage Two, early childhood

Stage Three, play age

Stage Four, school age

Stage Five, adolescence



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Development of Personality: Erikson's 8 life stages

Stage Six, young adulthood

Stage Seven, adulthood

Stage Eight, later life



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Sheldon The three body types are:



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Sheldon

Endomorph - Fleshyand inclined towards

fatness.



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Sheldon

Mesomorph -Athletic and inclined

to be muscular



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Sheldon

Ectomorph - Thin andinclined to' be fine-

boned and fragile.



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Passages Theory

Pulling up Roots

The Trying Twenties

The Catch Thirties

The Deadline Decade

Renewal or Resignation



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Maturation Theory:

From being passive to engaging in increasing

activity.

From dependence on others to independence.

From having few ways to behave to possess

many alternatives.

From having shallow interests to developing

deeper interests.



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Maturation Theory:

From short time perspective to having a

longer time perspective.

From being in a subordinate position to

viewing oneself as equal or superior.

From lack of awareness of oneself toawareness of oneself


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