models of the city: urban morphology ap human geography
TRANSCRIPT
Models of the City:Urban Morphology
AP Human Geography
Functional Zonation
• The internal division of the city into certain regions (zones) for certain purposes (functions) “zoning laws”
• This is not random; cities are spatially organized to performs their functions as places of commerce, entertainment, production or education
USA vs Europe Zoning
• USA– Little federal, state role; mainly local gov.– Common categories:• Residential (houses, apartments, condos)• Commercial (office space, retail shops, restaurants)• Industrial (manufacturing)• Agricultural (farms)Very little “mixed use”Single family and Residential usually gets priority
USA vs Europe Zoning
• Europe– Federal (or national) government regulates – Localities must get approval from feds.– Wide variety of categories:• Small scale residential, village type, mixed-use, town
center• No preference for single family residential• Mixed use the norm, not the exception
Urban Planning
Mixed Use (Europe) Single Use (USA)
Evolution of American Cities
• 1. Wagon-Sail=1790s-1830s• 2. Iron-Horse= 1830-1870• 3. Steel-Rail= 1870-1920• 4. Auto-Air=1920-1980s• 5. Computer-Internet=1980s-until? (“new”
urbanization and gentrification; ex: West Broad Village)
New Urbanism?
West Broad Village Bedford Falls, Wake County
Concentric Zone Model
Concentric Zones
Hoyt’s Sector Model
Sector Model
Multiple Nuclei Model
Urban Realms Model
Latin American City (Griffin-Ford)Model
The African City
South East Asian (McGee) Model