modelling groundwater flow in hard rock environments · modelling groundwater flow in hard rock...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany
![Page 2: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Part 1
Representing Complex Geology
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Complex
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© DHI
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3D Groundwater Model
![Page 6: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3D Groundwater Model
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Multi-Faulted Regional Groundwater Model, Switzerland
![Page 7: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
3D Groundwater Model
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• Continuous Layers
• Vertical Walls
![Page 8: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Unstructured Meshes
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![Page 9: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Example of teaserFollow the guide from the Branding SharePoint page to learn how to change the pictures
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![Page 10: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
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All Problems solved?
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Traditional Layered Meshes
Creating Computation Meshes
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Mathematical Approach
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• Finite Differences Method • Finite Element Method
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© DHI
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2.5 D Mesh (Layered Mesh)
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2 Triangles →
1 Quadrangle
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Element Deactivation
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• Create Caveats in Mesh, e.g.
for pit mines or tunnels
• Permanent or temporary
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Element Deactivation
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• Remove unwanted layers
(Top / bottom only)
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Steep Interfaces
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• moderate inclination:
Layer Elevation
• steep inclination:
step layout
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Layered Meshes with local remeshing
Creating Computation Meshes
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Pinching
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Topography
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Pinching
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Local Re-Meshing
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Non-Layered (Fully Unstructured) Meshes
Creating Computation Meshes
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Non-Layered Meshed
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• Geological contacts (volumes)
• Insets such as well locations
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Non-Layered Meshed
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Legacy Approach
Structural Geologic Model
Computation mesh for numerical
model
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Interfaces of geologic units
Non-Layered Mesh
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Interfaces and geologic units
Non-Layered Mesh
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Tetrahedral-meshed geologic units
Non-Layered Mesh
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Clipped tetrahedrons
Non-Layered Mesh
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Non-Layered Mesh
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Full tetrahedral mesh
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Challenges
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Piecewise Linear Complexes (PLC)
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http://wias-berlin.de/software/tetgen/plc.html
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The Problem of Self-intersecting Surfaces
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Closed and Consistent Volumes
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Piecewise Linear Complexes (PLCs)
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DHI In-House Solution with TetGen
Example Case
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![Page 38: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Consideration of Fault Offsets
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Consideration of Fault Offsets
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Consideration of Fault Offsets
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• Case 1: Offset at isolated fault
• Solution: Record and sort all elevation data at faults
+ applicable for isolated faults
- Not applicable for isolated faults
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Consideration of Fault Offsets
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• Case 2: Intersecting Faults
Grouping of elements to sectors
+ can represent more generell complex settings
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Consideration of Pinchouts
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• Pinchouts and outer model hull
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Closing of Remaining Gaps
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• Ensure closed volumes
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Regional Markers
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• Bookkeeping for later numerical model
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Entwicklung der Methodik
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• Result: Set of 3D face objects consistently enclosing all separable
geologic volumes
• ~ 700.000 points
• ~ 500.000 faces
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Geologic Units
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VIDEO
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Geologic Units
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VIDEO
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Face Objects
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• red: Outer Border
• Light green: Faults
• blue: pinch-outs
• Other colors: geologic contacts
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Resulting Mesh
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![Page 50: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Carbonate Layer at Depth
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CGAL Meshing GeneratorComputational Geometry Algorithms Library CGAL
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CGAL Library
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• Computational Geometry Algorithms Library CGAL
• Open Source (www.cgal.org)
• Integrated in Geomodeller (Intrepid Geophysics)
![Page 53: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Pilot Model of Lusitian Over-Thrust
27 May, 2019© DHI #53
• Geological model created in
3D Geomodeller
• Incl. Major geologic units
• Incl. vertical faults and
Lusatian overthrust
![Page 54: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Unstructured mesh generated
Tetrahedron mesh created using CGAL
27 May, 2019© DHI #54
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27 May, 2019© DHI #55
Faults require a finite thickness
• Conduit
• Barrier
Handling of Faults
Local refinement
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Handling of Faults
27 May, 2019© DHI #56
Nodal connections
Test24.fem
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Mesh Refinement
Accuracy vs. Computational Speed
27 May, 2019© DHI #57
more refinement more refinement
Elements: 669.910
Nodes: 114.274Elements: 723.628
Nodes: 124.077
Elements: 1’201.954
Nodes: 201.930
![Page 58: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Optimum for Geometric Representation
27 May, 2019© DHI #58
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Optimum for Computation
27 May, 2019© DHI #59
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Finally: What are the Benefits?
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Flexibility
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![Page 62: Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments · Modelling Groundwater Flow in Hard Rock Environments Alexander Renz, DHI, Munich, Germany](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022063009/5fc183d1f6497807b2556b59/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
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Thank [email protected]
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