368 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani

International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research

IJETSR

www.ijetsr.com

ISSN 2394 – 3386

Volume 4, Issue 3

March 2017

Modelling and Simulation of Wind Turbine using

PMSG

Ajay Samaria*1

, Harsh Kumar Sharma2, Dr. Lata Gidwani

3

Department of Electrical Engineering

Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, INDIA

ABSTRACT This paper presents the modelling and simulation of wind

turbine with permanent synchronous generator. In this

paper, the modelling and simulations of a variable-speed

wind turbine along permanent magnet synchronous

generator is presented. Now a day, the energy production

by wind generators has recently been increasing, because

its creation is green; therefore, the technology designed

for the establishment of energy through wind turbine

brings great challenges in the exploration. A mathematical

model of wind turbine is necessary to understand the

behaviour of the wind turbine over its area of operation

since it allows for the evolution of inclusive control

algorithms that aid in ideal operation of a wind turbine

system. Modelling gives us an overview of the proposed

system and also allow control of wind turbine system’s

performance. Outcome results show that the speed

regulation was very good. In long lasting regime, the

imbalance of rotor speed was almost inconsiderable in

spite of the uninterrupted imbalance of the wind speed

within the interval of 12 to 15 m/s. Simultaneously, the

active and reactive power obtained were in accordance

with the simulation predetermined values.

Keywords— Wind turbine, rotor speed, PMSG.

I. INTRODUCTION

Wind flow is caused by the uneven heating of the

atmosphere by the sunlight, variations in the globe's

surface, and rotation of our planet, Mountains, bodies

of water, and vegetation all influence wind flow

habits. Wind turbines convert the power in wind to

electricity by rotating propeller-like cutting blades

around a rotor. The rotor turns the drive shaft, which

turns the permanent synchronous generator. Through

transmission and distribution lines this generated

power is transmitted to the grids and then to

customers[1]. Globally there are now over two

hundred thousand wind flow turbines operating, with

an overall total capacity of 432, 000 MW as of end

2015[2].

Wind energy as the name suggests, is a

renewable source of energy having its own

advantages as saving fossil fuels, less air & water

pollution etc. and the modern technology enabling it

to have a leap forward in recent years[3]. In This

paper, the simulation and modelling of wind turbine

is presented with the use of permanent synchronous

generator connected to it. Here the dynamic

behaviour of wind turbine system modelling has

been shown in first section followed by the

modelling of permanent synchronous generator in

second section.

II. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

In the present scenario, the world is shifting

toward the renewable energy sources as like wind

energy to suppress electricity shortage and to control

the fast end of fossil fuels. Being a part of this a

wind turbine modelling is presented with its

simulation by using PMSG[4].

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the

dynamics of the horizontal axis wind turbine

(HAWT). In the following section, an overview of

the model is presented by utilizing the mathematical

modelling equations of wind turbine system and

PMSG respectively. Fig.1 shows the block diagram

of the system as wind turbine connected to gear

drive train block followed by PMSG and load.

MATLAB/simulation is used for modelling and

analysis.

Pm

Pm

Voltage

Wind

Wind Turbine 2 Mass Drive Train

Generator

PMSG Terminal

Speed

Model

Model

(V,I)

Wr

Current

Power From Wind

Turbine

Fig.1. Proposed system configuration block

with PMSG

III. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

A. Modelling of Wind turbine

The turbine mechanical power which a wind turbine can extract[5],

369 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani

International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research

IJETSR

www.ijetsr.com

ISSN 2394 – 3386

Volume 4, Issue 3

March 2017

m = blade tip speed and R is the radius of the turbine

rotor.

i

1

0.035 (4)

0.08 3 1

Pm 1 3

(1)

Mechanical torque developed by turbine,

2 C pA U w

Tm Pm (5)

m

B. Modelling of PMSG:

The PMSG is a synchronous generator where the DC

excitation circuit is replaced with permanent magnet. According

to fig. electric equations of PMSG in d q synchronous reference

frame are given by the following equations[7][8].

V sd

R i sd

d sd (6)

s dt dq sq

Fig.2. Turbine Power Characteristics

Where A= area swept by the turbine blades (in m2), =air

density (1.225 kg/m3 at normal temperature), U w =

upstream wind speed (in m/s).

Power coefficient ( C p ) = ratio of mechanical power

generated by the turbine to the power available in the wind. It is a

function of the turbine tip-speed ratio ( ) and pitch angle ( ).

The theoretical maximum value of C p is 0.59 (According to

Betz criterion) while practical value lie between 0.4 and 0.45. A

standard equation has use here as follow[6].

C2

e C5

(2) C C C C i C p

1

i

3 4 6

Where coefficients are C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 , C5 and C6

. =blade pitch angle and i = initial TSR.

Tip speed ratio,

m R (3) U w

Vsq Rs isq

d sq

dq sd

(7)

dt

sd

Lsd

isdrd (8)

sq

Lsq

isq (9)

The mechanical equation of PMSG are expressed as

Te 3

p( sd isq rd irq ) (10)

2

J d

Te TL f (11) dt

Where isd and isq = dq components of the stator current

vector,

Vsd and Vsq = dq components of the stator voltage vector, sd

and sq = dq components of the stator flux linkage, rd the

permanent magnet flux linkage, dq = angular electrical rotor

speed , =rotational speed, p the number of pole pairs, Lsd and

Lsq = dq stator inductances, Rs = stator resistance, f =friction

coefficient, J =inertia coefficient and Te =electromagnetic

torque applied to the PMSG rotor[9].

370 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani

International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research

IJETSR

www.ijetsr.com

ISSN 2394 – 3386

Volume 4, Issue 3

March 2017

IV. SIMULATIONS AND RESULTS

A simulink model of a wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)

built up using MATLAB /SIMULINK software. In this model, wind turbine shaft is mechanically

connected with permanent magnet synchronous (drive Train PMSG) which is connected to grid

through three phase series RLC

branch[10].Waveform of voltage and current is sinusoidal and the simulation waveform for output

mechanical power and torque (Te & Tm) is also shown which are showing normal behaviour after

attaining a good value for system.

Fig.3. Voltage at the Terminals of Generator

Fig.4. Current at the Terminals of Generator

Fig.5. RMS Voltage at the Terminals of

Generator

Fig.6. RMS Current at the Terminals of

Generator

Fig.7. Output Power at the Generator

Terminal

Fig.8. Rotor Speed of Generator

Fig.9. Output Mechanical Torque

Fig.10 Output Electrical Torque

Fig.11. Three Phase Voltage and Current at

Generator Terminal

371 Ajay Samaria, Harsh Kumar Sharma, Dr. Lata Gidwani

International Journal of Engineering Technology Science and Research

IJETSR

www.ijetsr.com

ISSN 2394 – 3386

Volume 4, Issue 3

March 2017

V. CONCLUSIONS

This paper has presented the modelling of fixed-pitch angle wind turbine simulator by using a

MATLAB/Simulink program. The purpose of the modelling wind turbine simulator is: 1) to identify

the mechanical power and torque when a fixed wind speed velocity and 2) thereby identify the power flow

of an induction generator into the load. This paper

highlights importance of complete wind turbine modelling that combines electrical and mechanical

parts. The functionality of the proposed wind turbine simulator scheme is validated by simulation results.

REFERENCES

[1] I. Dincer and C. Acar, “A review on clean energy solutions for better sustainability,” no. March, pp. 585–606, 2015.

[2] O. Ellabban, H. Abu-rub, and F. Blaabjerg, “Renewable energy resources : Current status ,

future prospects and their enabling technology,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 39, pp. 748–

764, 2014. [3] M. Lu and W. Lee, “Combining the Wind Power

Generation System with Energy Storage Equipments,” pp. 1–6, 2008.

[4] M. Jannati, S. H. Hosseinian, B. Vahidi, and G. Li, “A survey on energy storage resources con fi gurations in order to propose an

optimum con fi guration for smoothing fl uctuations of future large wind power plants,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 29, pp. 158– 172, 2014.

[5] S. S. Laxminarayan, M. Singh, A. H. Saifee, and

A. Mittal, “Design , modeling and simulation of

variable speed Axial Flux Permanent

Magnet Wind Generator,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 19, pp. 114–124, 2017.

[6] P. Ashwini and A. Thosar, “Mathematical

Modeling of Wind Energy System for Designing

Fault Tolerant Control,” vol. 10, no. 2, pp.

336–344, 2016.

[7] M. Nasiri, J. Milimonfared, and S. H. Fathi,

“Modeling , analysis and comparison of TSR and

OTC methods for MPPT and power smoothing in

permanent magnet synchronous generator-based

wind turbines,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol.

86, pp. 892–900, 2014. [8] I. M. Hassine and M. W. Naouar, “Model Based

Predictive Control strategies for Wind Turbine

System Based on PMSG,” pp. 2–7, 2015.

[9] P. Jansuya and Y. Kumsuwan, “Design of

MATLAB / Simulink Modeling of Fixed-Pitch Angle Wind Turbine Simulator,” Energy Procedia, vol. 34, pp. 362–370, 2013.

[10] M. Biweta, M. Mamo, and H. G. Eckel, “Dynamic Model and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System based on,” pp. 7161–7169, 2016.