modeling the benefits of green infrastructure - a case study of houstons bayou greenway initiative
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Quan%fying the Economic Benefits of Linear Parks, Trails and Open Space
February 2012
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Parks And Trails Are Good
Right?
Yes.
But its becoming increasingly important to be able to quan;fy the value of, or provide an ROI for, green infrastructure.
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Case Study: Houston Parks Board
Bayou Greenway Ini;a;ve
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The Big Ques%on If a community invests $490 million to build 300 miles of trails along 10 bayous, what will they get in return?
What are the benefits?
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More Kid Stuff?
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More CriMers?
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Fewer Cars?
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A Cooler Cool?
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The Answer? All of the above . . . and more.
But how do you prove it?
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Step One: Think Big
• Fiscal • Transporta%on • Environmental • Public Health
What sectors of the local economy might a trail system impact the most?
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Step Two: Dig In
Individual Benefits • Recrea;on Costs • Health Care Cost Savings
• Vehicle Opera;ng Cost Savings
• Crash Risk Reduc;on • Property Value Premiums
Community Benefits • Air Quality • Carbon Sequestra;on • Ecosystem Services • Clean Water
How do those benefits break down?
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Are You Sure You Can Quan%fy All These Things?
Yes.
And more…
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The Bayou Greenway Ini%a%ve
Trails Benefits Model
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Here’s How It Works • Most benefits are derived from the number of individuals who can be expected to use the trails in some form – cyclists, hikers, runners, walkers, general recrea;onal users, and commuters
• User counts are predicated on popula;on proximity to the park/trail system with 1.5 miles being the limit of influence
• Using popula;on counts within 1.5 miles on either side of the park/trail created a 3 mile-‐wide band overlaying the en;re system
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Basis of the Model • User predic;ons, the key to es;ma;ng impact and benefits,
are based on work developed in coopera;on with the Federal Highway Administra;on
• Assump;ons and methodologies have been reviewed and discussed with experts at Rice University, Texas A&M, Baylor College of Medicine, Harris County Flood Control, and Houston-‐Galveston Area Council (H-‐GAC)
• Data provided by H-‐GAC, HCAD, Trust for Public Lands, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Census Bureau, Texas Transporta;on Ins;tute, League of American Bicyclists, Houston Parks Board
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The Bayou Greenway Map
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The Model’s Ameba Map
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The Bayou Greenway Numbers So, It Costs $490 Million to Construct 300 Miles of Trails and You Es%mate that it Will Generate What…?
Low Moderate HighBrays Bayou $15,308,931 $17,199,497 $20,710,549Buffalo Bayou $13,878,209 $15,713,039 $19,120,580Clear Creek $8,392,015 $9,278,097 $10,923,679Cypress Creek $15,313,593 $16,953,254 $19,998,337Greens Bayou $9,965,658 $11,044,379 $13,047,717Halls Bayou $8,292,679 $9,156,965 $10,762,067Hunting Bayou $5,369,813 $5,884,420 $6,840,121Sims Bayou $7,546,295 $8,606,832 $10,576,401Spring Creek $12,936,962 $14,180,246 $16,489,203White Oak Bayou $14,740,296 $16,324,877 $19,267,671
$111,750,244 $124,347,400 $147,742,119
Total Annual Benefits Aggregated: Recreation and Health benefit values are projected at Low, Moderate and High levels based on the number of potential users; Vehicle Operating Cost Savings, Crash Reduction, Air Quality, Carbon Sequestration, Ecosystem Services, Clean Water and Property Value benefits are held constant.
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Bayou Greenway Numbers By Category
Recreation Benefits $ 63,209,711 Health Benefits $ 13,927,262 Vehicle Operating Cost Savings / Congestion Relief $ 3,778,207 Crash Reduction $ 280,336 Air Quality: VOC, Nox, CO2 $ 140,690 Carbon Sequestration $ 5,794 EcoSystem Services $ 20,972,475 Clean Water $ 390,890 Property Value $ 21,642,036 Estimated Annual Total (Moderate) $124,347,400
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The Bayou Greenway’s BoMom Line
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Here Are Some Factoids • The model is constructed to calculate benefits for each category for each of 70 segments within the 10 Bayous allowing for more detailed future analysis as needed
• It contains “hot box” cells so assump;ons can be changed for easy scenario tes;ng or to update outdated data
• It is flexible and can be calibrated to reflect condi;ons anywhere
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Major Metro Commute Shares And Benefits
Now Just For Fun… Let’s Compare Some Ci;es Very Unscien;fically
Low Moderate High
Dallas 0.15% $103,818,083 $115,038,240 $127,302,1320.38% $111,750,244 $124,347,400 $147,742,119
Houston (2000) 0.46% $113,297,283 $126,135,230 $152,959,2321.10% $132,867,244 $149,045,144 $205,928,7291.15% $135,581,198 $152,253,905 $212,328,5801.40% $142,040,663 $159,784,167 $230,758,181
Denver 1.81% $154,577,669 $174,460,831 $264,691,765Portland 5.81% $276,889,926 $317,647,797 $595,751,120
AtlantaChicagoSan Antonio / Pittsburg
(12) Commute Share Percentages are per the League of American Bicyclists (2009, 70 Largest US Cities).
City Bicycle Commute Share (12)
Houston (As Calculated Above)
Each .01% (0.0001) increase in commute share generates $329,654 (moderate).
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Modeling Green Infrastructure
Going Forward
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So, What Else Can You Do Once You Quan%fy Green Benefits?
Lots…
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Public Engagement…
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Scenario Evalua%ons…
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Strategic Planning…
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Grant Applica%ons…
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Master Planning…
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You Get The Idea The benefits associated with linear parks, trails, bikeways, and greenspace are neither abstract nor rhetorical.
Green infrastructure benefits can be quan;fied.
The benefits green infrastructure provides individuals and communi;es can be drama;c.
And once the benefits have been defined, they can support green infrastructure ini;a;ves in a variety of important ways.
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Q and A?
Thank You!