modeling galaxy cluster outskirts with …modeling galaxy cluster outskirts with cosmological...
TRANSCRIPT
Modeling Galaxy Cluster Outskirts with
Cosmological Simulations
Camille AvestruzPI: Daisuke Nagai
NSF Graduate Research Fellow, Yale UniversityBerkeley Cosmology, November 27, 2014
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Clusters Probe the Growth of Structure
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Clusters Probe the Growth of Structure
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Clusters Provide Constraints on Dark Energy
Key to cluster cosmology: Precise mass measurements
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Masses defined with respect to reference densities
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Pioneering X-ray observations of cluster outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Microwave observations of cluster outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cluster outskirts ideal for mass measurements
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cluster outskirts ideal for mass measurements
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Entropy is expected to scale with radius
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Suzaku entropy profiles flatten in outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Suzaku entropy profiles flatten in outskirts
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulations necessary to interpret observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Outline
Introduction
Observational breakthroughs in cluster outskirts
Questions to answer with cosmological simulations
How can we describe gas flows in cluster outskirts?How do non-equilibrium physics affect observations?How can we use simulations to test for potentialobservational biases?
Summary
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Outline
Introduction
Observational breakthroughs in cluster outskirts
Questions to answer with cosmological simulations
How can we describe gas flows in cluster outskirts?How do non-equilibrium physics affect observations?How can we use simulations to test for potentialobservational biases?
Summary
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Clusters
Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART) code: N-body+GasdynamicsBox size ∼100 Mpc, Spatial resolution ∼few kpc, Region shown ∼2 Mpc
Baryonic physics included (e.g. gas cooling, star formation,heating by SNe/AGN, metal enrichment)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Cosmological Simulations of Galaxy Clusters
Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART) code: N-body+GasdynamicsBox size ∼100 Mpc, Spatial resolution ∼few kpc, Region shown ∼2 Mpc
Baryonic physics included (e.g. gas cooling, star formation,heating by SNe/AGN, metal enrichment)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Simulated entropy profiles exhibit self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer = 6.3× 108yr(Te/107K
) (10−5cm−3/ni
)(40/ ln Λ)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer = 6.3× 108yr(Te/107K
) (10−5cm−3/ni
)(40/ ln Λ)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer = 6.3× 108yr(Te/107K
) (10−5cm−3/ni
)(40/ ln Λ)
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
tei ,Spitzer → Hubble time
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electron temperature biased low
*tei ,Spitzer sets an upper limit on the temperature bias
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Electron temperature bias exhibits self-similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Temperature bias is azimuthally asymmetric
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mass accretion breaks self similarity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Bulk/Filament decomposition is important
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
XSB =∫dVnenpΛ(TX ,Z )
Photon counts per second
Emission measure:EMM =
∫nenp dl
Assumed model plasmaemissivity
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Mock X-ray pipeline allows us to test observations
TX = 4.11 keV
2 Msec exposure time
Convolved Chandra response(Similar to Abell 133)
Test metallicity and temperature
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
We can test metal abundance with known input
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
We can test metal abundance with known input
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
We can test metal abundance with known input
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Weak metal contributions are scattered
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Stronger metal contributions biased low
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Stronger metal contributions biased low
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Stronger metal contributions biased low
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Bias disappears in single temperature medium
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Non-equilibrium electrons can affect measured TX
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Summary
1. Cluster outskirts are bestdescribed with respect to R200m
2. Non-equilibrium electrons are apotential source of systematicuncertainties
3. Inhomogeneities in theintracluster medium contributeto observational biases
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
1. Outskirts best described with respect to R200m
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
2. Non-equilibrium electrons at lower temperatures
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
3. Inhomogeneities contribute to biases
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
Summary
1. Cluster outskirts are bestdescribed with respect to R200m
2. Non-equilibrium electrons are apotential source of systematicuncertainties
3. Inhomogeneities in theintracluster medium contributeto observational biases
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts
Introduction Recent Observations Outline Simulations Gas Flows Non-equilibrium physics Observational biases Summary
End
Avestruz Cluster Outskirts