model tools for solar tower receiver systems summer … · model tools for solar tower receiver...
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![Page 1: Model Tools for Solar Tower Receiver Systems SUMMER … · Model Tools for Solar Tower Receiver Systems Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hoffschmidt June 25-27, 2014 Font Romeu, France](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041110/5f102d8f7e708231d447d484/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Model Tools for Solar Tower Receiver Systems
Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hoffschmidt
June 25-27, 2014
Font Romeu, France
![Page 2: Model Tools for Solar Tower Receiver Systems SUMMER … · Model Tools for Solar Tower Receiver Systems Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hoffschmidt June 25-27, 2014 Font Romeu, France](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041110/5f102d8f7e708231d447d484/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CRS Receiver Simulation: Overview
Levels of Simulation
• System level
• layout
• simplified receiver models (also costs)
(receiver characteristic => as map or correlation)
• => Annual Performance
• Pre-design
• definition of basic receiver design
• Detailed design
• detailed analysis of
- solar flux distribution
- temperature distribution
- Stresses / lifetime assessment
• => Design Values
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System Simulation: Workflow for Solar Towers Annual Yield Calculation
Load Curve for Ambient Temperature - Taweelah
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
hours [h]
tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Climate data
Power plant process
Solar resource data
Solar field performance Operational strategy
1 2 3 4 5
Solar-Hybrid
1 2 3 4 5
Teillast
Solar
HFLCAL
Field Layout
Jahres -
Power plant -
simulation
h gross h net
P el
Q Rec usw .
p amb T amb
h Field
h Rec
Q Rec
A Field
etc.
p amb
T amb
j amb
DNI
Interface for
annual yields solar tower
receiver
hot
tank
G
steam generator
condenser
solar field
steam turbine
cold
tank
m PB
m R
m B r
R Br
T 1
T 2
PB
m PB
m R
Br PB R
T 1
m S
T 2
m PB
m R
R Br
T 1
PB
T 2
m PB
R Br
T 2
PB
T 1
R : Receiver Br :: Aux. . burner PB : Power block T 1 : hot tank T 2 : cold tank
1 2 3 4 5
m PB
Electricity demand
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System Simulation: CSP System Modelling
- Heliostatfield
- Tower with receiver
- HTF loop
- Thermal storage
- Power block
- Total power of CSP power plant
- Most often systems are economically optimized (LCOE minimum)
PBTESHTFSFSFelsys ADNIP hhhhh Rec,
]/[costannualtotal
0,
kWhEURdtP
LCOEendt
telsys
Every single sub-
component is important!
solar tower
receiver
hot
tank
G
steam generator
condenser
solar field
steam turbine
cold
tank
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System Simulation: Thermodynamic analysis of receiver
solar tower
receiver
solar field
),( SSFieldreflreflinc h ADNIQ
incQ recQ
lossincrec
inoutrec
QQQ
hhmQ
radloss,convloss,optloss,loss QQQQ
radloss,Qconvloss,Q
incident power on receiver aperture area:
power from receiver to HTF:
losses of receiver :
sunQ
][elevation sun :
][azimuth sun :
[-] efficiency optical fieldsolar :
[m2] area aperture fieldheliostat :A
[-]ty reflectivi average :
S
S
field
refl
refl
h
[kJ/kg] enthalpieoutlet inlet/ :h / h
[kg/s] HTF flow mass :
inout
m
optloss,Q
[W] lossesradiation :
[W] losses convective :
[W] losses optical :
radloss,
convloss,
optloss,
Q
Q
Q
Note: optical losses do not depend on the receiver
temperature whereas convective and radiation heat losses do
receiver efficiency:
increc / QQrech [W]receiver on power incident :
[W]receiver frompower thermal:
inc
rec
Q
Q
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solar tower
receiver
solar field
incQ recQ
radloss,Qconvloss,Q
optical losses:
convective losses:
radiation losses:
sunQ
[-]receiver efficiency optical : opth
][m area aperturereceiver :
][W/m lossheat specific areaconstant :
2
rec
2
loss
A
q
optloss,Q
]K[W/mconstant Boltzmann Stefan :[-] emissivity : 42
optincopt loss, 1 hQQ
a) option “constant heat losses” :
reclossconv loss, AqQ
b) option “heat transfer coefficient ” :
recconv loss, ambrec ATTQ
desinc,
incdeswall,in-outin rec
Q
QTTTkTT
C][ mperatureambient te :
C][ emperaturereceiver tmean :
K][W/mt coefficienfer heat transconstant :
rec
rec
2
T
T
rec
4
amb
4
recrad loss, 15.27315.273 AKTKTQ
[W]power incident design :
[K] surfaceouter allreceiver w of etemperatur-Over :
)outlet inlet/ between re temperatutiverepresentaany define to(used
[-] 0.5 e.g. factor, g weightin:k
K][W/mt coefficienfer heat transconstant :
deswall,
2
desinc,Q
T
System Simulation: Thermodynamic analysis of receiver
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On system level different approaches
for receiver modeling can be used:
• simplified receiver models
(as shown before)
• receiver characteristic,
as map or correlation
(if available => detail
simulation)
typical receiver characteristic
System Simulation: Thermodynamic analysis of receiver
Design
point
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140mm
140mm
2mm
0.02 m²
Absorber
0.57 m²
Submodul
5.7 m²
Subreceiver
22.7m²
Receiver (Jülich)
Detail Design: Open Volumetric Receiver
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Detail Design: Open Volumetric Receiver
Simulation of Volumetric Absorber Structures
homogenous approach channel model FEM
directions discretefor
tscoefficien scattering and absorption :radiation
ReNu;Nu
:ferheat trans
;0)(
;)()1(2
2
m
vv
v
fwv
f
p
fwvw
Ad
AA
TTAdz
dTvc
dz
dITTA
dz
TdPo
approach valid for different
kinds of porous structures
suitable for comparison
of different materials
gray tracin d terminate:radiation
nscorrelatio -Nu standard :ferheat trans
200 400 600 800 10000,3
0,4
0,5
0,6
0,7
0,8
0,9
1,0A
bso
rber
wir
kungsg
rad [
-]
Flussdichte [kW/m²]
ARR = 0,50
exchanceradiation - FE :radiation
Equ. Stokes-Navier : transfermom. &heat
calculate performance of
defined honeycomb
structures
study temperature and flow
details inside regular porous
structures
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Layout & Operation of Modular Air Receivers
parallel flow trough absorber modules adapt flow to flux distribution
140mm
140mm
2mm
Detail Design: Open Volumetric Receiver
140mm
140mm
2mm
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parallel flow trough absorber modules adapt flow to flux distribution
step 1:
layout of fixed orifice
diameter for design flux
distribution
step 2:
variation of flow through
subreceivers during
operation to adapt to
changing flux profile
Layout & Operation of Modular Air Receivers
Detail Design: Open Volumetric Receiver
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example: layout of mass flow distribution for Solar Tower Jülich
ray tracing: calculate flux distribution
for different sun angles
create artificial design flux
distribution for receiver layout
(weighted superposition of real
flux distributions)
calculate fixed orifice
size distribution
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Layout & Operation of Modular Air Receivers
Detail Design: Open Volumetric Receiver
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example: layout of mass flow distribution for Solar Tower Jülich
calculation of maximum
material temperatures for
real flux distributions
Setup of a characteristic
map for the system
simulation
Layout & Operation of Modular Air Receivers
Detail Design: Open Volumetric Receiver
![Page 14: Model Tools for Solar Tower Receiver Systems SUMMER … · Model Tools for Solar Tower Receiver Systems Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hoffschmidt June 25-27, 2014 Font Romeu, France](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022041110/5f102d8f7e708231d447d484/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conclusion
- System Simulation
- aims for determination of the design point with the highest annual
yield and the lowest LCOE (operation strategies)
- must be fast to enable an optimization of a set of different plant
configurations on a yearly base (storage sizes, power block designs,
hybrid modes…)
- models the components as simple as possible/acceptable due to the
demanded accuracy (correlations, characteristic maps,…)
- Detail Simulation
- aims the real design values for each component
- and the detection of constrains, critical operation modes and life
time estimation
- checks possible improvements and new design approaches
14 R. Buck > DLR Stuttgart > Stellenbosch University, April 10, 2014
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15
Thank you for your attention!