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Model 1040C

PANEL METER CALIBRATOR

Section 1 General Information

Section 2 Operation

Section 3 Application Notes

Copyright Arbiter Systems Incorporated 1995.All rights reserved. International copyright secured.

PD0005300C

This manual is issued for reference only at the convenience of Arbiter Systems. ArbiterSystems has made reasonable effort to verify that all diagrams, to the best of ourknowledge, are accurate as of July 1, 1991. However, due to production changes andavailability of parts, these diagrams are subject to revisions and modifications. Checkwith Arbiter Systems at the address below for any revisions made since this publishingdate.

Arbiter Systems, Inc.1324 Vendels CircleSuite 121Paso Robles, CA 93446(805) 237-3831(805) [email protected]

http://www.arbiter.com/

mailto:[email protected]

LIMITED WARRANTYArbiter Systems makes no warranty, expressed or implied, on any product manufacturedor sold by Arbiter Systems except for the following limited warranty against defects inmaterials and workmanship on products manufactured by Arbiter Systems.Products manufactured by Arbiter Systems are guaranteed against defective materialsand workmanship under normal use and service for one year from date of delivery. Theresponsibility of Arbiter Systems under this warranty is limited to repair or replacement, atArbiter Systems option, of any product found to be defective. Arbiter Systems shall haveno liability under this warranty unless it receives written notice of any claimed defectwithin the earlier of thirty days of discovery by Buyer or one year from the date ofdelivery. For warranty service or repair, products must be returned to a service facilitydesignated by Arbiter Systems. Buyer shall prepay all shipping charges to ArbiterSystems and Arbiter Systems shall pay all shipping charges, duties and taxes forproducts returned to Buyer in a country other that the United States of America.THE WARRANTY SET FORTH HEREIN CONSTITUTES THE ONLY WARRANTYOBLIGATIONS OF ARBITER SYSTEMS, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, STATUTORY, BYOPERATION OF LAW, OR OTHERWISE. ARBITER SYSTEMS DISCLAIMS ANYWARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,AND BUYER EXPRESSLY WAIVES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES.This limited warranty does not extend to any product, which has been subject to (i)improper use or application, misuse, or abuse, or operation beyond its rated capacity, orcontrary to the instructions in the operation and maintenance manuals, if any (ii) accident(iii) repair or maintenance, except in accordance with the operation and maintenancemanuals, if any, and any special instructions of Arbiter Systems, or (iv) modificationwithout the prior written authorization of Arbiter Systems (whether by the substitution ofnonapproved parts or otherwise).The remedies provided herein are Buyer’s sole and exclusive remedies. In no event shallArbiter Systems be liable for direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damages(including loss of profits), whether based on contract, tort, or other legal theory.FOR THE FASTEST POSSIBLE SERVICE, SHOULD FAULT UNDER THISWARRANTY DEVELOP, PLEASE PROCEED AS FOLLOWS:1) Notify Arbiter Systems, Inc., specifying the instrument model number and serial

number and giving full details of the difficulty. Service data or instrument-returnauthorization will be provided upon receipt of this information.

2) If instrument return is authorized forward prepaid to the manufacturer. If theinstrument is not covered by this warranty, an estimate will be made before the repairwork begins, if requested.

1324 Vendels Circle, Suite 121, Paso Robles, CA 93446

(805) 237-3831 (800) 321-3831 FAX (805) 238-5717

Table of Contents

SECTION 1 - GENERAL INFORMATION

SECTION 2 - OPERATION

SECTION 3 - CALIBRATING METERS AND TRANSDUCERS

SECTION 1

GENERAL INFORMATION

Table of Contents

1.0 General Information ...............................................................................................................1-1

1.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................1-1

1.2 Application ...........................................................................................................................1-1

1.3 Technical Characteristics .....................................................................................................1-1

1.4 Accessories Included............................................................................................................1-2

1.5 Options Available.................................................................................................................1-2

1.6 Safety Precautions ................................................................................................................1-2

1.7 Manual Changes/Updates.....................................................................................................1-2

1.8 Service Information..............................................................................................................1-3

1.9 Specifications .......................................................................................................................1-3

TablesTable 1.1 - Current Specifications....................................................................................................1-4

Table 1.2 - Voltage Specifications * ...............................................................................................1-6

Table 1.3 - Combined Specifications * ...........................................................................................1-9

Table 1.4 - General Specification ..................................................................................................1-11

Table 1.5 - Supplemental Characteristics ......................................................................................1-12

Table 1.6 - Itemized Front Panel Description ...............................................................................1-15

Table 1.7 - Hand Held Unit Features ............................................................................................1-22

FiguresFigure 1.1 - AC VOLTAGE BURDEN (VOLTAGE OUTPUT) ...................................................1-8

Figure 1.2 - 1040C PANEL METER CALIBRATOR (not shown actual size) ...........................1-14

Figure 1.3 - HANDHELD UNIT CONTROLS ............................................................................1-21

1-1

Model 1040C

Panel Meter Calibrator

1.0 General InformationThis manual provides specifications and operating instructions for the Model 1040C Panel MeterCalibrator (hereinafter referred to as the PMC) manufactured by Arbiter Systems.

1.1 IntroductionThis section contains general information regarding the application, technical characteristics andspecifications of the PMC.

1.2 ApplicationThe Model 1040C PMC is a �ruggedized,� portable instrument that contains precision AC/DCvoltage and current sources which are suitable for in-place calibration of a wide variety of panelmeters. The voltage and current sources may be operated singly for calibration of voltmeters,ammeters, and frequency meters, or simultaneously for calibration of wattmeters and power factoror phase meters. Also, two voltage outputs are provided that produce AC voltage with either 0ø or180ø phase relationships for calibration of synchroscopes. Keypad controls with LED indicators,a 20-character alphanumeric display, and internal memory permit easy setup or recall of voltage,current, power, frequency and phase values. The 10 digit keypad and units keys allow entry of theexact output value desired. A rotary knob and modify keys are provided for fine adjustments.

1.3 Technical CharacteristicsThe PMC consists of a stand alone card cage assembly that is shock mounted in a rugged,watertight aluminum case. In the center of the card cage assembly is a passive motherboard thatprovides the necessary daughter board and I/O interconnections. Ten plug-in daughter boardseach connect to the motherboard with two, 40-pin, pin and socket connectors. The daughterboards contain all of the circuitry required to output the calibrated voltages and currents.

An extender card is available for use with any of the daughter boards to facilitate trouble-shooting.The display module has two printed circuit cards that provide the user interface through a set offunction and numeric keys, indicator LED's, a rotary knob and a twenty character alphanumericvacuum fluorescent display.

The display module is connected to the motherboard with a 34-conductor ribbon cable. A fan,high-voltage toroidal transformer and switching power supply are hard-mounted to the card cageand connected to the motherboard with pin and socket connectors. Two cables each, three meterslong, are provided to facilitate connection to remotely mounted panel meters. A Hand Held Unitis included that permits remote operation of the PMC when calibrating panel meters mounted inconfined locations. All functions of the 1040C including internal alignment are controllable overthe General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) IEEE-488-1978 and IEEE-488.1.

1-2

1.4 Accessories Included

3 meter voltage and current test cables*

Hand Held Unit*

Power Cord

1040C Operation Manual

1040C Maintenance Manual*

* Not Included with Utility Version

1.5 Options Available

Option 03 6-meter voltage and current test cables*

Option 04 Service Kit:

T10 Torx Drive

4 mm Allen Wrench

5 mm Allen Wrench

Display Module Extender Cable

Meter Adapters (1 set)

Option 05 3 meter Hand-Held-Unit Extension Cable

Option 06 Extended Warranty

* Not Included with Utility Version

1.6 Safety PrecautionsObserve all safety markings and instructions before beginning operation of the Model 1040C.Safety information for connection and operation is found in the appropriate places throughout thismanual.

1.7 Manual Changes/UpdatesAny changes to this manual at the time of shipment will be packaged in a separate envelope. Tokeep your manual as current and as accurate as possible, Arbiter Systems recommends that youperiodically request the latest manual changes supplement. Please reference the manual print dateand part number located on the title page when ordering. The model number and unit serialnumber are also requested. These supplements are available from Arbiter Systems at no charge.

1-3

1.8 Service InformationShould your instrument need to be returned for factory service, please contact Arbiter System'sService Department to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number. If an instrumentreturn is authorized, forward the instrument prepaid to Arbiter Systems. If the instrument is notcovered by warranty, an estimate will be provided upon request.

1.9 SpecificationsSpecifications for the Model 1040C are listed in Table 1.1 through Table 1.4. Supplementalcharacteristics are listed in Table 1.5 and an itemized front panel description is listed in Table 1.6.Table 1.7 contains characteristics of the Hand Held Unit.

1-4

Table 1.1 - Current Specifications____________________________________________________________________________

TYPE DESCRIPTION____________________________________________________________________________

I. Output, DC Current

Range 11 0.10 mA to 1.05 mA

Range 2 1.00 mA to 10.5 mA

Range 3 10.0 mA to 105 mA

Range 4 0.100 A to 1.05 A

Range 5 1.00 A to 10.5 A

DC Current Amplitude +(0.2% of reading +0.05% of full scale)Accuracy

Compliance Voltage 12.0 V, <50 mA

3 V, >50 mA

Overload Setting 12.5 V, <50 mA

3.5 V, > 50 mA

Noise 0.25% rms of reading Max, 10 kHz BW

Resolution and Setability <0.1% of reading

Settling Time <8 seconds

1 Usable to 0.025 mA but not specified

1-5

Table 1.1 - Current Specifications (continued)____________________________________________________________________________


II. Output, AC Current

Range 4 0.1 A to 1.05 A rms

Range 5 1 A to 7.5 A rms

AC Current Amplitude +(0.2% of reading +0.05% of full scale)

Accuracy +(0.2% of reading +0.1% of full scale) on Range 5

Compliance 6 V rms

Overload Setting 6.5 V rms

Distortion 0.45% Max

Frequency 50 Hz to 75 Hz and 333.3 Hz to 500 Hz

Frequency Accuracy <0.01% of reading

Current Output Stability <(0.03% of reading +0.015% of full scale);

AC and DC averaged 1 minute or longer


Settling Time <8 seconds Max

1-6

Table 1.2 - Voltage Specifications *____________________________________________________________________________


I. Output, + DC Voltage

Range 1 10 mV to 105 mV

Range 2 0.1 V to 1.05 V

Range 3 1 V to 10.5 V

Range 4 10 V to 105 V

Range 5 100 V to 1050 V

+DC Voltage Amplitude +(0.2% of reading +0.05% of full Accuracy scale)

Burden 15 mA on all ranges

Overload Set Point 25 mA

Noise 0.25% rms of reading Max, 10 kHz BW

Voltage Output Stability <(0.03% of reading +0.015% of full scale);Averaged for 1 minute or longer.

Settling Time <8 seconds

II. Output, AC Voltage

Range 3 1.5 V rms to 15.75 V rms

Range 4 15 V rms to 157.5 V rms

Range 5 150 V rms to 750.0 V rms

* Utility Version Specified at Output Connectors

1-7

Table 1.2 - Voltage Specifications * (continued)____________________________________________________________________________


AC Voltage AmplitudeAccuracy

AC Voltage <150 V rms +(0.2% of reading +0.05% of full scale.)

AC Voltage >150 V rms +(0.2% of reading +0.1% of full scale).

Burden

Voltage Output

<150 Vrms 300.0 mArms

>150 Vrms 10.0 VA (See Figure 1.1)

Aux. Voltage Output Active in synchroscope mode (Aux.)Output is connected to the VoltageOutput with 0ø or 180ø phase relationship.Total burden of both outputs not to exceed300 mArms.

Overload Set Point 5% above rated burden

Distortion 0.45% Max

Frequency 50 Hz to 75 Hz and 333.3 Hz to 500 Hz

Frequency Accuracy <0.01% of reading

Voltage Output Stability <(0.03% of reading +0.015% of full scale);Averaged for 1 minute or longer.


Settling Time AC and DC <8 seconds

* Utility Version Specified at Output Connectors

1-8

CU

RR

ENT

(mA

rms)

VOLTAGE (V rms)

750100101.5

100

10 VA

10

200

300

300 mA

Figure 1.1 - AC VOLTAGE BURDEN (VOLTAGE OUTPUT)

1-9

Table 1.3 - Combined Specifications *____________________________________________________________________________


I. Output, AC Power/VARS

V Range I Range

4 4 1.5 VA to 165 VA

4 5 15 VA to 825 VA

5 4 15 VA to 785 VA

5 5 150 VA to 5625 VA

AC Power Amplitude Derived from the individualAccuracy, Burden, accuracies of the voltage andCompliance, Overload, current outputs.Settling Time, Dis-tortion, Frequency

AC Power/VARS Output <(0.06% of reading +0.03% of full scale);

Stability averaged 1 minute or longer.

Phase Angle +180° to -180°

Phase Accuracy ±0.33°

*Utility Version Specified at Output Connectors

1-10

Table 1.3 - Combined Specifications * (continued)____________________________________________________________________________


II. Output, AC Phase/Power Output same as AC powerFactor

Phase Angle Range +180° to -180°

Phase Accuracy ±0.33°

Phase Stability (RMS) ≤0.2° rms; averaged 1 minute or longer

Resolution and ≤0.1°Setability

*Utility Version Specified at Output Connectors

1-11

Table 1.4 - General Specification____________________________________________________________________________


Supply Power 115 V rms +15%, 47 to500 Hz, single phase

Current 0.5 amperes (Standby Mode).3.0 amperes (Operate Mode andMaximum Output)

Cooling Forced Air

Power Switch The high power lead is controlled by the front panel

Mounted toggle switch.

Supply Fuse 3-ampere slow blow type (3AT)

Operating Temperature Range 0(C to 55(C

Storage Temperature Range -40øC to +75øC

Dimensions (covers in place) 38 cm X 38 cm X 28 cm

15" X 15" X 11"

Weight 17 kg (38 lbs.) net23 kg (50 lbs.) shipping

IEEE-488 SH1, AH1, T6, L4, SR1, RL2,PP0, DC1, DT0, C0, E2

1-12

Table 1.5 - Supplemental Characteristics____________________________________________________________________________


Display 20-character alphanumeric vacuum fluorescent display module usedto indicate output and operational status, user prompts, anddiagnostic messages.

Output Mode Selection 4 Keys with LED indicators for selection of RESET, DC, 60HZ, or400HZ

Function and DisplaySelection

6 keys with LED indicators for selection of VOLTAGE,CURRENT, FREQUENCY, POWER, POWER FACTOR, andPHASE display and operation.

Display Mode Selection 2 keys with LED indicators for selection of NORMAL or %DEVdisplay modes.

Value Entry 10 digit keys, a decimal point, and a minus/backspace key for entryof the desired value for the selected function. If in Operate modethe output will revert to Standby mode only if the new value is notwithin the present output range.

Units Entry 4 units keys: V/A; MV/MA; W/HZ; and DEGREE/ENTER forselection of correct units following a value entry.

Value Modification A rotary knob, increase and decrease keys allow modification of thedisplayed value. Modification extends only to the top and bottom ofthe present range.

Rotary Knob ValueModification

Clockwise rotation increases and counter-clockwise decreases thedisplayed value.

1-13

Table 1.5 - Supplemental Characteristics (continued)____________________________________________________________________________


Increase/Decrease ValueModification

UP and DOWN ARROW keys are used to increase or decrease,respectively, the displayed value. The rate of modification may beincreased by depressing the UP or DOWN ARROW key anddepressing the NORMAL key (or the opposite ARROW key).Successive presses of the NORMAL key (or the opposite ARROWkey) continue to increase the rate of modification.

Output Control 2 keys with LED indicators select either the Standby - STBY (nooutput) or Operate - OPER (output active) modes.

Synchroscope Control 1 key with an LED indicator sets either 0° or 180° phase-shiftbetween the main and aux. voltage outputs for verification ofsynchroscope operation. Successive presses of theSYNCHROSCOPE key will toggle the outputs between 0Ê and180Ê as indicated on the display.

User Memory Control 3 keys control memory operation. The CLEAR key clears all usermemory. The STORE key stores the displayed instrument settingssequentially into memory. RECALL sequentially recalls the storedinstrument settings onto the display. The output will remain inOperate state provided the recalled function setting and range are inagreement with the previous setting. RECALL will never changethe output from Standby to Operate.

Memory Capacity 50 Values: The STORE LED will be illuminated if there are anystored settings. Memory Full is indicated by a flashing STORELED.

Warning Indicators 2 large red LED indicators warn of HIGH VOLTAGE orOVERLOAD conditions.

GPIB Indicators 4 green LED's: SRQ, RMT, LSN and TLK indicate GPIB busactivity.

1-14

AUX. VOLTAGE

REMOTE

VOLTAGE

CURRENT

1040C PANEL METER CALIBRATOR

1 2 3RECALL SYNCHROSCOPE POWER CURRENT

CLEAR FREQUENCY POWERFACTORPHASE

WHZ

7 8 9 VA OPER

GP-IB

POWER

STORE NORMAL % DEV VOLTAGE

OVERLOAD

SRQ RMTLSN TLK

HIGHVOLTAGE

RESET DC 60 HZ 400 HZ

21 3

8

11

12

4 5

6

7

COL 1 COL 2 COL 3 COL 4 COL 5 COL 6

ROW A

ROW B

ROW C

ROW D

13

9

4 5 6 STBYMVMA

DEGREEENTER.0

14

10

Figure 1.2 - 1040C PAN

EL METER

CALIB

RATO

R (not show

n actual size)

1-15

Table 1.6 - Itemized Front Panel Description

(See Figure 1.2)____________________________________________________________________________

FIG.1.2 CONTROLS, INDICATORS OR CONNECTORS FUNCTION____________________________________________________________________________

1 Red OverloadIndicator

Indicates that the device under test (DUT) input impedance is toolow for the PMC voltage output or the DUT input impedance istoo high for the PMC current output. Whenever an overloadoccurs the output will return to Standby mode.

2 4 Green GPIB BusStatus Indicators

The Remote (RMT) LED illuminates whenever the PMC hasbeen addressed. When the RMT LED is illuminated all usercontrols (except RESET) are disabled. The talk (TLK) and listen(LSN) LED's indicate the current programmed mode. TheService Request (SRQ) LED illuminates when an error orinterrupt condition occurs and service is requested.

3 20 CharacterAlphanumericVacuum FluorescentDisplay

Displays present output value and status for the selected function.Displays error and other user messages.

4 Red High VoltageIndicator

Flashes when the output voltage exceeds 15 VAC or 10 VDC

5 24 Pin GPIBConnector WithScrew Jacks

GPIB Communications

6 Ventilation Holes Air Outlet

7 Line Power Module Power cord receptacle with line filter, power ON/OFF switch,and fuse.

7 Rotary Knob Adjusts the displayed value. Clockwise rotation increases thevalue and counter clockwise rotation decreases the value.

1-16

Table 1.6 - Itemized Front Panel Description (continued)

(See Figure 1.2)____________________________________________________________________________

FIG. 1.2Row, Col. KEYS FUNCTION____________________________________________________________________________

9 Keypad Used to enter the desired value for the selected function. After afunction is selected the lowest or last value will be displayed.Entering the new value on the keypad and pressing theappropriate units key may change this value. To enter a negativevalue, press the minus/backspace key prior to entering the desirednumber. Corrections may be made to the displayed value bysuccessive presses of the minus/backspace key prior to enteringthe units.

10 Current OutputConnector

Two pin Lemo connector with a yellow identification ring for theoutput of all requested currents.

11 Voltage OutputConnector

Four pin Lemo connector with a red identification ring for theoutput of requested voltages.

12 Ventilation Holes Air Inlet

13 Remote Connector Sixteen-pin Lemo connector with a blue identification ring forconnection to the Hand Held Unit. The RESET key should bepressed before and after connecting or disconnecting the HandHeld Unit.

14 Aux. VoltageConnector

A two-pin Lemo connector with an orange identification ringused only during synchroscope operation. The current cable maybe used with the Aux. Voltage output. During synchroscopeoperation the Aux. Voltage and Main Voltage outputs will be thesame amplitude and frequency. The phase angle between theAux. Voltage and the Main Voltage outputs is either 0Ê or 180Ê,selectable by successive presses of the synchroscope key. Thepresent phase angle is shown on the display.

1-17


(See Figure 1.2)____________________________________________________________________________


A1 RESET Pressing the RESET key returns the PMC to the Reset state. TheReset state is indicated by illumination of the RESET LED andDC, 60Hz or 400Hz? on the display. The Reset state may beentered from almost every other possible state. The RESET keyis the only active key during GPIB operation. DepressingRESET returns the PMC to Local mode.

A2 DC Selects DC Operating mode and illuminates the DC LED.

A3 60 Hz Selects 60 Hz Operating mode and illuminates the 60 HZ LED.

A4 400 Hz Selects 400 Hz Operating mode and illuminates the 400 Hz LED.

A5 V/A Selects the units of VOLTS or AMPS depending upon whetherVOLTAGE or CURRENT output was previously selected.

A6 OPER Selects Operate state and illuminates the OPER LED indicator.Voltage and/or current are available at the respective outputconnectors.

B1 STORE Stores the present output settings in the next available memorylocation. The STORE LED will be illuminated whenever thereare settings stored in the user memory. A flashing STORE LEDindicates that all user memory locations are full.

B2 NORMAL Selects normal display mode and illuminates the NORMAL LED.Output values are shown with standard units. If the MODIFY UPor DOWN keys are depressed at the same time the NORMALkey is pressed, the "modify rate" will increase.

1-18


(See Figure 1.2)____________________________________________________________________________


B4 VOLTAGE Selects voltage mode and illuminates the VOLTAGE LED. IfPower, Power Factor, Phase, or Synchroscope output modes havebeen previously selected, pressing VOLTAGE allows the user toenter or modify the voltage value without changing outputmodes.

B5 MV/MA Selects the units of millivolts or milliamps depending uponwhether VOLTAGE or CURRENT was previously selected.

B6 STBY Selects Standby state and illuminates the STBY LED. Novoltage or current outputs are available at the output connectors.

C1 RECALL Sequentially recalls stored output settings from the user memoryto the display. The output settings can be repeatedly recalled.Using the keypad, entering 0 followed by RECALL recalls thefirst stored value. A number other than 0 followed by RECALLincrements the recall sequence by that number.

C2 SYNCHROSCOPE Selects the synchroscope mode, sets the output voltage to 120.0Volts at the selected frequency, and illuminates theSYNCHROSCOPE LED. The phase angle between the Aux.Voltage and Main Voltage outputs is displayed. The phase angleis toggled between 0ø and 180ø by successive presses of theSYNCHROSCOPE key.

C3 POWER Selects Power mode and illuminates the POWER LED. Once inPower mode Power, Phase, Voltage, Current or Frequency maybe selected and adjusted. Depressing the Power key with thePOWER LED illuminated will alternate the display betweenPOWER and VARS. Entering a new power level in watts willmodify only the Current setting.

1-19


(See Figure 1.2)____________________________________________________________________________


C4 CURRENT Selects current mode and illuminates the CURRENT LED. IfPower, Power Factor, or Phase output modes have beenpreviously selected, pressing CURRENT allows the user to enteror modify the current value without changing the output mode.

C5 W/HZ Selects the units of WATTS or HERTZ depending upon whetherPOWER or FREQUENCY was previously selected.

C6 MODIFY UP (UParrow)

Increases the displayed value. The value will continue toincrease if the key is held down. Continuing to press this keydown and depressing the NORMAL or DOWN ARROW key willincrease the rate of modification.

D1 CLEAR Clears the entire user stored instrument settings in memory.

D2 FREQUENCY Selects Frequency-display mode, illuminates the FREQUENCYLED and allows entry or modification of the frequency value.The FREQUENCY LED is also illuminated when the 60 HZ or400 HZ keys are pressed.

D3 PHASE Selects Phase display mode, illuminates the PHASE LED, andallows entry or modification of the relative phase angle betweenthe voltage and current outputs. Voltage, Current, Frequency,Power/VARS and Phase/Power Factor may all be modified whilein the Phase mode.

D4 POWER FACTOR Selects Power Factor mode, illuminates the POWER FACTORLED and allows entry or modification of Power Factor. Voltage,Current, Frequency, Power/VARS and Phase/Power Factor mayall be modified while in the Power Factor mode.

1-20


(See Figure 1.2)____________________________________________________________________________


D5 DEGREE/ENTER Selects the units of degrees if Phase was previously selected. Allnumbers without units must be entered using theDEGREE/ENTER key. Changing the GPIB address on startup isan example of a number without unit that may be entered.

D6 MODIFY DOWN(DOWN arrow)

Decreases the displayed value. The value will continue todecrease if the key is held down. Continuing to press the DOWNARROW key and depressing the NORMAL key or UP ARROWwill increase the rate of modification.

1-21

8

MEMORYNORMAL STORE RECALL % DEV

OPERATE STANDBYMODIFY

INCREASE

DECREASE

1

2

3

6

9

5

4

7

10403A HAND-HELD UNIT

Figure 1.3 - HANDHELD UNIT CONTROLS

1-22

Table 1.7 - Hand Held Unit Features

(See Figure 1.3)____________________________________________________________________________

CONTROLS, INDICATORSFIG. 1.3 OR CONNECTORS FUNCTION____________________________________________________________________________

1 4-Digit LCD displaywith sign

The hand held unit (HHU) display duplicates the PMC frontpanel display's numeric values.

2 � 8 Pushbuttons Duplicates and selects the corresponding function on the PMCfront panel (See Table 1.2).

9 Interconnect Cable 3-meter cable with connector mates with the REMOTE connectoron the PMC.

SECTION 2

OPERATION

CAUTION

The PMC current and voltage outputs are designed to operate into independent, electricallyisolated loads, for example, switchboard panel meters. The accuracy of the output values may beaffected if the unit is connected to non-isolated loads such as some line-operated meters thatinduce multiground path, spurious noise or loads that interconnect in any way the voltage andcurrent outputs.

DO NOT connect or disconnect loads while the PMC is in Operate mode.

OBSERVE POLARITIES AND HIGH VOLTAGE WARNING!

Table of Contents2.0 Operation..............................................................................................................................................................1

2.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................12.2 Unpacking ........................................................................................................................................................12.3 Setup.................................................................................................................................................................12.4 Front Panel Operation ......................................................................................................................................22.4.1 General .........................................................................................................................................................22.4.2 Keypad .........................................................................................................................................................62.4.3 Display .........................................................................................................................................................62.4.4 Reset.............................................................................................................................................................62.4.5 Modify..........................................................................................................................................................72.4.6 Normal/Deviation.........................................................................................................................................72.4.7 Memory........................................................................................................................................................82.5 PMC Operating Procedures..............................................................................................................................82.5.1 Power Factor/Phase Operating Procedure ....................................................................................................92.5.2 DC Voltage Operating Procedure...............................................................................................................13FIGURE 2.3 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING DC VOLTAGE OPERATION..........................................132.5.3 AC Voltage Operating Procedure...............................................................................................................142.5.4 DC Current Operating Procedure ...............................................................................................................152.5.5 AC Current Operating Procedure ...............................................................................................................162.5.6 AC Power Operating Procedure .................................................................................................................172.5.7 Synchroscope Operation.............................................................................................................................182.5.8 Frequency Operating Procedure.................................................................................................................192.6 Hand Held Unit ..............................................................................................................................................202.7 GPIB Operation..............................................................................................................................................202.7.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................202.7.2 Setting the GPIB Address...........................................................................................................................222.7.3 Power On Sequence ...................................................................................................................................222.7.4 Remote Programming Function Tests ........................................................................................................222.7.5 Numbers .....................................................................................................................................................222.7.6 Command Codes ........................................................................................................................................232.7.7 Command Sequence ...................................................................................................................................232.7.7.1 Diagnostic Tests .............................................................................................................................................232.7.7.2 Status Commands...........................................................................................................................................242.7.8 Error Handling............................................................................................................................................242.8 Self Test Operation.........................................................................................................................................342.8.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................342.8.2 Function Test Description ..........................................................................................................................342.8.2.1 DISPLAY AND LED TEST ......................................................................................................................342.8.2.2 CONTROL FUNCTION TEST .................................................................................................................342.8.2.2.1 ROM Test...............................................................................................................................................352.8.2.2.2 RAM Test...............................................................................................................................................35

2.8.2.2.3 Phase Test .............................................................................................................................................. 352.8.2.2.4 A/D Test................................................................................................................................................. 352.8.2.3 CURRENT OUTPUT TEST...................................................................................................................... 352.8.2.4 VOLTAGE OUTPUT TEST ..................................................................................................................... 352.8.3 Diagnostic Test Description....................................................................................................................... 362.8.3.1 EXIT TESTS ............................................................................................................................................. 362.8.3.2 DISPLAY AND LED TEST...................................................................................................................... 362.8.3.3 FRONT PANEL KEY TEST..................................................................................................................... 372.8.3.4 RAM/ROM & PHASE TEST.................................................................................................................... 372.8.3.4.1 ROM Test .............................................................................................................................................. 372.8.3.4.2 RAM Test .............................................................................................................................................. 372.8.3.4.3 Phase Test .............................................................................................................................................. 372.8.3.5 REFERENCE & ADC TEST..................................................................................................................... 372.8.3.5.1 Reference Test ....................................................................................................................................... 382.8.3.5.2 Sample and Hold Test............................................................................................................................ 382.8.3.5.3 ADC Test ............................................................................................................................................... 382.8.3.6 CURRENT MEASUREMENT TEST....................................................................................................... 382.8.3.6.1 Current Measurement Offset Test.......................................................................................................... 382.8.3.6.2 DC Current Measurement Gain Test...................................................................................................... 382.8.3.6.3 AC Current Measurement Gain Test...................................................................................................... 382.8.3.6.4 Current Overload Test............................................................................................................................ 392.8.3.6.5 Current Output Range Test .................................................................................................................... 392.8.3.7 CURRENT SOURCE TEST...................................................................................................................... 392.8.3.7.1 Minimum Output Test............................................................................................................................ 392.8.3.7.2 Attenuator Test ...................................................................................................................................... 392.8.3.7.3 Sinewave Test ........................................................................................................................................ 392.8.3.8 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT TEST....................................................................................................... 392.8.3.8.1 Voltage Measurement Offset Test ......................................................................................................... 402.8.3.8.2 DC Voltage Measurement Gain Test ..................................................................................................... 402.8.3.8.3 AC Voltage Measurement Gain Test ..................................................................................................... 402.8.3.8.4 Voltage Overload Test ........................................................................................................................... 402.8.3.8.5 Voltage Output Range Test.................................................................................................................... 402.8.3.9 VOLTAGE SOURCE TEST ..................................................................................................................... 402.8.3.9.1 Minimum Output Test............................................................................................................................ 412.8.3.9.2 Attenuator Test ...................................................................................................................................... 412.8.3.9.3 Sinewave Test ........................................................................................................................................ 412.8.4. HANDHELD UNIT TESTS...................................................................................................................... 412.8.4.1 DEBUG UTILITIES.................................................................................................................................. 412.9 Error Messages .............................................................................................................................................. 43

List of TablesTable 2.1 - PMC Output Functions and Display Quantities 5

Table 2.2 - Power Factor/Phase Operating Procedure 10

Table 2.2 - Power Factor/Phase Operating Procedure (continued) 11

Table 2.2 - Power Factor\Phase Operating Procedure (continued) 12

Table 2.3 - HHU Status Messages 21

Table 2.4 - GPIB Command Description 25

Table 2.4 - GPIB Command Description (continued) 26

Table 2.5 - 1040C Status Message Description, Control Status (QC) 27

Table 2.5 - Control Status (QC) (continued) 28

Table 2.6 - 1040C Status Message Description, Current & Voltage 29

Table 2.7 - GPIB Error Codes 30

Table 2.8 - Routine Operation Error Codes 31

Table 2.9 - Diagnostic Tests and Error Codes 32

Table 2.9 - Diagnostic Test Error Codes (continued) 33

Table 2.10 - Error/Probable Cause/Appropriate Action 45

Table 2.10 - Error/Probable Cause/Appropriate Action (continued) 47

Table 2.10 - Error/Probable Cause/Appropriate Action (continued) 49

List of FiguresFigure 2.1 – OPERATING SEQUENCE 3

Figure 2.2 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING POWER FACTOR/PHASE OPERATION 9

Figure 2.3 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING DC VOLTAGE OPERATION 13

Figure 2.4 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING AC VOLTAGE OPERATION 14

Figure 2.5 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING DC CURRENT OPERATION 15

Figure 2.6 – PMC COMNNECTIONS FOR TESTING AC CURRENT OPERATION 16

Figure 2.7 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING AC POWER OPERATION 17

Figure 2.8 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING SYNCHROSCOPE OPERATION 18

Figure 2.9 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING FREQUENCY OPERATION 19

2-1

2.0 Operation

2.1 GeneralThis section contains the operating procedures for the PMC. Operating Controls, Connectors andIndicators are referred to by nomenclature that appears on the Front Panel. The Front PanelOperating controls connectors and indicators for the PMC are shown in Figure 1.2.

2.2 UnpackingUnpack the PMC and visually inspect for possible shipping damage. IF DAMAGE EXISTS,NOTIFY ARBITER SYSTEMS AND THE CARRIER AND RETAIN THE SHIPPINGCARTON. DO NOT RETURN THE UNIT WITHOUT INSTRUCTIONS FROM ARBITERSYSTEMS.

2.3 SetupThe PMC is housed in a rugged weatherproof transit case. The necessary equipment for panelmeter calibration should be stored inside the case. To set up the PMC for operation proceed asfollows:

1) Remove the cover by first depressing the pressure relief button and undoing the four latches.Once the latches are completely free from the cover, the cover may be removed by liftingstraight up on the handle.

2) The power cord, voltage cable, current cable, and Hand Held Unit are stored in the cover.Remove the power cord and any other accessories required for the calibration to be performed.With the power switch in the OFF (0) position, connect the power cord between the linemodule (See Fig. 1.2) and a power source having a nominal voltage of 115V rms.

3) Press the power switch to the ON (1) position. The display should read GPIB ADDRESSXX, the RESET, NORMAL, and STBY (and STORE, if there are previously stored usersettings) LED indicators should be illuminated, and the fan should operate. The GPIB addressdisplayed, (XX) should be between 1 and 31. If not seeing these results after applying power,difficulties may exist; the PMC should be turned off and the Self-Test Section (Sec. 2.8)should be consulted. Observing these results after applying power means that the GPIBaddress may now be modified (See Sec. 2.7).

4) After the GPIB address has been displayed for a few seconds, the PMC will begin a functionalself test (See Sec. 2.8.2). If the PMC fails one of the function tests a failure message will bedisplayed alternately with PRESS (Down Arrow) FOR TESTS. Pressing the DOWN ARROWkey will initiate the diagnostic tests (See Sec. 2.8.3). Corrective action should be taken to cureany function test failure prior to using the PMC. Once the function test has been successfullycompleted, the PMC will momentarily display FUNCTION TEST PASSED, then enter Resetmode and display DC, 60 Hz or 400 Hz. The function tests may be bypassed by pressingRESET.

2-2

5) The PMC is now ready to be used for meter calibration. Refer to the rest of thissection for proper connections and operation.

2.4 Front Panel Operation

2.4.1 General

Control of the PMC is straightforward and requires pressing the keys that designate the desiredoperating modes, conditions, and values according to the sequences shown in Fig. 2.1. SeeSection 2.5 for PMC Operating Procedures. Each of the keys that represent operational status orthe type of value to be entered or modified have LED indicators to show the present state of thePMC.

The alphanumeric display shows the PMC state along with prompting for user response, showingoutput values and displaying error messages. Table 2.1 shows the output functions of the PMCand the corresponding quantities, which can be displayed, entered, and modified. Voltage and/orcurrent outputs are present only when the OPER key has been depressed and the OPER LED isilluminated, and are absent when the STBY LED is illuminated.

2-3

SYNCHROSCOPE

D.C.

VOLTAGE CURRENT

OPERATELOOP

RESET

60 HZ 400 HZ

POWER/

RECALL OPERATELOOP

VOLTAGE CURRENT FREQUENCYPOWER/

OPERATE LOOP

CURRENT FREQUENCY

OPERATELOOP

VOLTAGE FREQUENCY

OPERATELOOP

OPERATELOOP

ENTERVALUE

ANDUNITS

MODIFY VALUE OPERATE STANDBY STORE NORMAL%

DEVIATION

VOLTAGE FREQUENCY

OPERATELOOP

OPERATELOOP

VARS

VARS

POWERFACTORPHASE

POWERFACTORPHASE

Figure 2.1 – OPER

ATING

SEQU

ENC

E

2-5

Table 2.1 - PMC Output Functions and Display Quantities______________________________________________________________________________

QUANTITIES WHICH CAN BE

OUTPUT FUNCTIONS DISPLAYED AND MODIFIED______________________________________________________________________________

Voltage, DC Voltage

Voltage, AC Voltage, Frequency

Current, DC Current

Current, AC Current, Frequency

Power Factor, Phase, Power Power Factor, Phase, Voltage, Current,Frequency

AC Synchroscope 0°/180° Synchroscope, Voltage, Frequency

2-6

2.4.2 KeypadThe 12-key keypad (See Fig. 1.2) consists of the 10 digits, 0-9, plus a decimal point andminus/backspace key. Each keypad entry must be preceded by selection of the type of quantity tobe entered and followed by selection of the desired units or the ENTER key.

The first key pressed on the keypad causes the PMC to display ENTRY=X where X represents thekey depressed. Succeeding keys as depressed will add to the displayed number.

The decimal point may be placed in any position except after the last digit; i.e. there must be atleast one character following the decimal point if a decimal point is entered. The minus/backspacekey when used as the first entry negates the entered number. At all other times theminus/backspace key erases the single preceding entry. Successive presses of the backspace keycontinue to erase preceding entries until the first entry is gone.

If the PMC is in Operate mode and the value entered is within the present operating range (SeeTable 1.1) the output signal will change to the new output setting. If the PMC is in Operate modeand the value entered is out of the present operating range (See Table 1.1) the PMC will return toStandby mode.

2.4.3 DisplayThe PMC has a multi-purpose 20 character alphanumeric vacuum fluorescent display. The intentof the display and the LED indicators is to give the operator as much information as possible foridentifying the current PMC status. The individual displayed messages are explained in eachappropriate section.

In general, the display will change in response to any keystroke. In most circumstances thenomenclature on the key will appear in the appropriate location on the display. Some specialdisplay features should be noted.

A few seconds after the OPER key is depressed, a single character will appear between the type ofquantity being displayed (i.e. voltage or current) and the numerical value. The characters <, =, >(output status indicator) represent whether the actual output is less than, equal to, or greater thanthe desired output. After waiting a few seconds for the output to settle the equal sign should bedisplayed.

If the desired value is modified or the output load is drastically changed the output status indicatormay momentarily revert to < or >. Once the PMC is placed in Standby the output status indicatorwill disappear.

One other display feature is the blinking numeric value, which indicates the value has beenmodified below the specified limit of the present operating range. The PMC will attempt to outputthe requested value, however the output is not guaranteed to meet specifications. The display willalso blink if the entered value is less than the lower limit of the lowest range.

2.4.4 ResetThe RESET function automatically occurs upon completion of the Function Test, or may bemanually applied at any time by pressing the RESET key. This function removes all outputs andsets all voltage, current and phase values to zero. The display will read “DC, 60 Hz or 400 Hz?”

2-7

and the RESET, NORMAL and STBY LED's will be illuminated (the STORE LED will beilluminated if there are settings stored in the user memory).

Selecting DC, 60 Hz, 400 Hz, or the memory operations RECALL or CLEAR, are the only validoperations while in RESET mode.

2.4.5 ModifyAny displayed value can be modified, i.e. increased or decreased, by means of either the rotaryknob, or the Modify Up or Modify Down keys. Clockwise rotation of the knob increases theoutput value while counterclockwise rotation decreases the output value. The rate of change of theoutput value is directly proportional to the speed of rotation. The Modify Up and Modify downkeys offer a second means of modifying the output value. Depressing either modify key willcause the output value to change by approximately one count. Depressing the key continuouslycauses a steady change in the output value but at a minimum rate. The modification rate can beincreased by momentary actuation of the NORMAL key or the other modify key while the presentmodify key is depressed. One press of the NORMAL, or the other modify key, yields a mediumspeed and two presses a fast speed. If at any time the modify key is released, the speedautomatically reverts to slow.

The rotary knob and the Modify keys can only modify the output value, not the output range (referto Table 1.1 and 1.2). Modification of the output value is limited to 105% of the range's upperlimit (5% over range). When the value is modified below the specified lower limit of the range,the displayed value will blink. In order to change ranges, a value within the new desired rangemust be entered on the keypad (Section 2.4.2)

In most cases the actual output will be equal to the displayed value as the output value is modified.In some cases, such as 60 Hz Phase, if the output value is modified rapidly the actual output willlag behind the displayed value. This situation is identified by the output status indicator (SeeSection 2.4.3) showing either < or >.

2.4.6 Normal/DeviationIn the % deviation mode the PMC computes and displays the output value according to theformula:

PMC Display Value = (METER C.P. - PMC output value) X 100 %METER F.S.

The PMC must have both the meter full-scale value (Meter F.S.) and the meter calibration point(Meter C.P.) to perform the necessary calculation.

To enable this function, press %DEV and set the PMC output value to the meter's full-scale value(it is not necessary to press OPER). The display will read METER F.S. = XXXXX YY whereXXXXX YY represents the meter's full scale value and units.

Press %DEV again and the display will change to METER C.P. = XXXXX YY. Enter the metercalibration point by using the keypad, or press RECALL to retrieve a stored setting. Do not usethe Modify Controls.

2-8

Press the %DEV key again to display METER = 00.00%. The PMC now displays the deviationfrom the selected calibration point in percent of meter full scale. The previous displays can bereviewed and/or changed by pressing the %DEV key.

Repeatedly press the % DEV key until the METER = XX.XX% is displayed again. Press OPERto initiate the output. Use the rotary knob or the modify keys to change the output level and the %deviation displayed. Do not enter a value from the keypad or use the RECALL feature. A newfull scale or calibration point must be entered using the keypad or RECALL feature. Changing thefull scale or calibration point resets the percent deviation to zero.

2.4.7 MemoryThe Memory feature is useful for storing frequently used output settings and quickly recallingthem later. An output setting can be entered into the memory by simply pressing the STORE key.Illumination of the STORE LED indicates that stored values are present. Up to 50 settings can bestored. The display will flash memory store # after each entry and will continue to flash on andoff if all of the memory locations have been filled.

Output settings in memory are recalled by pressing the RECALL key. The memory operates on afirst in, first out (FIFO) basis. This sequence will continue whereby the first setting stored willalso follow the last when recalling through all of the stored settings. Pressing the CLEAR keyclears all memory settings.

The keypad may be used to help move through the stored settings. Pressing 0 then RECALLrecalls the first stored setting. Entering a number other than zero and pressing RECALL recallsthe output setting at that location.

2.5 PMC Operating ProceduresThe following procedures outline the operating steps and connections that are necessary forcalibrating various categories of panel meters. A detailed example for operating a power factormeter at 120 volts, 5 amperes and 60 Hz is given in tabular form with operator actions and resultslisted, to help familiarize the operator with many of the operating details of the PMC. Theremaining procedures are given in less detail but show the principal operating steps. Allprocedures follow the operating sequences shown in Figure 2.1 (See page 2-3).

2-9

2.5.1 Power Factor/Phase Operating ProcedureCAUTION - Power Factor/Phase Meter Calibrations - The following procedure employs initialoutput values of 120 volts and 5 amperes, at 60 Hz and 0°, 30° and 60° phase values. A full metercalibration would include other values.

The phase convention in the PMC is set by the following equations:Voltage: V(t) = Vo sin wtCurrent: I(t) = Io sin (wt + Θ)Power: Vrms Irms cos ΘVARS Vrms Irms sin (-Θ)Power Factor: Cos ΘWhere Θ = phase angle in degrees between voltage and current

Phase Angle Sign of Power Sign of VARS Power Factor

0 < Θ <90 + - Lead +

90 < Θ <180 - - Lead -

-180 < Θ <-90 - + Lag -

-90 < Θ <0 + - Lag +

Turn the PMC off, connect the PMC to a power factor or phase meter (See Fig. 2.2 below) andproceed with the steps in Table 2.2.

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

DRANETZ 305C V I I V

Figure 2.2 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING POWER FACTOR/PHASEOPERATION

2-10

Table 2.2 - Power Factor/Phase Operating Procedure______________________________________________________________________________

STEP OPERATOR ACTION RESULTS______________________________________________________________________________

1. Apply power to PMC After successful completion of Function Tests the PMC willmomentarily display PASSED FUNCTION TEST. The PMC willreturn to RESET mode and display DC, 60 Hz, or 400 Hz? TheRESET, STBY, and NORMAL LED's (and the STORE LED ifuser settings are presently stored in the user memory) will beilluminated.

2. Press 60 Hz RESET LED will turn off, the 60 HZ and FREQUENCY LED'swill turn on. The PMC now displays FREQUENCY 60.00 Hz.(The Frequency may now be modified or a new value entered).

3. Press Power Factor FREQUENCY LED will turn off, the POWER FACTOR LEDwill turn on and the PMC now displays POWER FACTOR 1.000(Power Factor may now be modified or a new value entered).

4. Press Voltage VOLTAGE LED is illuminated and the PMC now displaysVOLTAGE 15.00V (15 Volts rms is the lowest range availablefor Power Factor/Phase output mode).

5. Press 1 The PMC displays ENTRY = 1

6. Press 2 The PMC displays ENTRY = 12

7. Press 0 The PMC displays ENTRY = 120. (The MINUS/BACKSPACEkey may be used to erase incorrect entries).

8. Press V/A Press the unit key (V/A) to complete the entry of the voltagesetting. The PMC now displays VOLTAGE 120.0 V (Thevoltage may now be modified using the rotary Knob or theUp/Down modify keys.).

2-11

Table 2.2 - Power Factor/Phase Operating Procedure (continued)______________________________________________________________________________


9. Press Current The VOLTAGE LED will turn off, the CURRENT LED will turnon, the PMC displays CURRENT .1000A (.1 amps rms is thelowest current available for Power Factor/Phase output mode).

10. Press 5 PMC displays ENTRY = 5

11. Press V/A Press the unit key V/A to complete the entry of the currentsetting. The PMC displays CURRENT 5.000A (The current maynow be modified).

12. Press OPER The OPER LED will turn on, the HIGH VOLTAGE indicatorwill flash on and off, and a <, =, or > will appear on the displayindicating the status of the output. Within the specified settlingtime the display should show = and the meter should read apower factor of 1.000.

13. Press PHASE The POWER FACTOR and CURRENT LED's will turn off, thePHASE LED will turn on, and the PMC displays PHASE 00.00°.

14. Adjust Phase to 30° The PMC will display PHASE 30.00Ê (adjustments of the outputvalue is accomplished by either entering a new value from thekeypad, Sec. 2.4.2, or using the modify controls, Sec. 2.4.5). Themeter shows a lagging power factor of .8661.

15. Press POWERFACTOR

The PHASE LED will turn off, the POWER FACTOR LED willturn on, and the PMC displays POWER FACTOR .8661.

16. Adjust Power Factorto .4999

The PMC display POWER FACTOR .4999 (Due to the minimumphase increments some Power Factor values such as .5000 are notallowed). The meter should show .5 lag.

17. Press PHASE The POWER FACTOR LED will turn off, PHASE LED will turnon, and the PMC displays PHASE 60.00°.

2-12

Table 2.2 - Power Factor\Phase Operating Procedure (continued)______________________________________________________________________________


18. Press POWERFACTOR, PHASE,POWER/VARS,FREQUENCY,VOLTAGE orCURRENT

New values for any of these functions may be entered using thekeypad or the old settings may be modified. The PMC willremain in Operate mode unless the new Voltage or Currentsettings entered are outside of the present operating range.

19. Press STBY The STBY LED will turn on, and OPER LED will turn off. Nooutput signals will be present at the output terminals.

2-13

2.5.2 DC Voltage Operating Procedure

CAUTION - Place the PMC in Standby mode. Connect the Voltmeter to the PMC as shown inFigure 2.3 below and proceed with the following steps:

1. Press DC.

2. Press VOLTAGE.

3. Enter the desired voltage using the keypad and the unit key.

4. Press OPER.

5. MODIFY, MEMORY, or %DEV may be used.

6. Press STBY when the measurement is complete to remove the output signal.

AUX. V

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

BECKMAN

3020

V C A 10A

Figure 2.3 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING DC VOLTAGE OPERATION

2-14

2.5.3 AC Voltage Operating Procedure

CAUTION - Place the PMC in Standby mode. Connect the Voltmeter to the PMC as shown inFigure 2.4 below and proceed with the following steps:

1. Press 60 HZ or 400 HZ.

2. Press VOLTAGE.

3. Enter the desired voltage using the keypad and units key.

4. Press OPER.

5. MODIFY, MEMORY, and %DEV may be used. The FREQUENCY or VOLTAGE may bemodified.


AUX. V

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

BECKMAN

3020

V C A 10A

Figure 2.4 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING AC VOLTAGE OPERATION

2-15

2.5.4 DC Current Operating Procedure

CAUTION - Place the PMC in Standby mode. Connect the Ammeter to the PMC as shown inFigure 2.5 below and proceed with the following steps:

1. Press DC.

2. Press CURRENT.

3. Enter desired current using the keypad and units keys.

4. Press OPER.

5. MODIFY, MEMORY, and %DEV may be used.


AUX. V

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

BECKMAN

3020

V C A 10A

Figure 2.5 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING DC CURRENT OPERATION

2-16

2.5.5 AC Current Operating Procedure

CAUTION - Place the PMC in Standby mode. Connect the Ammeter to the PMC as shown inFigure 2.6 below and proceed with the following steps:


2. Press CURRENT.

3. Enter the desired current using the keypad and the unit keys.

4. Press OPER.

5. MODIFY, MEMORY, or %DEV may be used. The FREQUENCY or CURRENT may bemodified.


AUX. V

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

BECKMAN

3020

V C A 10A

Figure 2.6 – PMC COMNNECTIONS FOR TESTING AC CURRENT OPERATION

2-17

2.5.6 AC Power Operating ProcedureCAUTION - Place the PMC in Standby mode. Connect the Power Meter to the PMC as shown inFigure 2.7 and proceed with the following steps:


2. Press POWER.

3. Press VOLTAGE.

4. Enter desired voltage using the keypad and units keys.

5. Press CURRENT.

6. Enter desired current using the keypad and units keys.

7. Press POWER. The power calculated from the entered voltage, current, and phase values willbe displayed. Press POWER again and VARS will be displayed. (Modifying Power or VARSchanges the current output while leaving the voltage and phase fixed.)

8. Press OPER.

9. MODIFY, MEMORY, or %DEV may be used. POWER, VARS CURRENT, VOLTAGE,PHASE, POWER FACTOR, or FREQUENCY may be modified.


AUX. V

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

BECKMAN

3020

V C A 10A

BECKMAN

3020

V C A 10A

Figure 2.7 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING AC POWER OPERATION

2-18

2.5.7 Synchroscope OperationCAUTION - Place the PMC in Standby mode. Connect the Synchroscope to the PMC as shownin Figure 2.8 and proceed with the following steps:


2. Press SYNCHROSCOPE.

3. Press VOLTAGE.

4. The Voltage is automatically set to 120 V. The voltage may be adjusted using the modifycontrols or the keypad and units keys.

5. Press OPER.

6. Successive presses of the SYNCHROSCOPE key will alternate the phase relationship,between the voltage and the Aux. Voltage outputs, between 0Ê and 180Ê degrees. Thepresent phase angle is displayed.

7. Voltage or Frequency may be modified.


AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

DRANETZ 305C V I I V

Figure 2.8 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING SYNCHROSCOPE OPERATION

2-19

2.5.8 Frequency Operating Procedure

CAUTION - Place the PMC in Standby mode. Connect the Frequency Meter to the PMC asshown in Figure 2.9 and proceed with the following steps:


2. Press VOLTAGE.

3. Enter the desired Voltage using the keypad and the unit key.

4. Press FREQUENCY.

5. Enter the desired Frequency using the keypad and the HZ key.

6. Press OPER.

7. MODIFY, MEMORY, or %DEV may be used. The FREQUENCY or VOLTAGE may bemodified.


AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

HP3515BCOUNTER INPUT

Figure 2.9 – PMC CONNECTIONS FOR TESTING FREQUENCY OPERATION

2-20

2.6 Hand Held UnitThe Hand Held Unit, when connected to the Remote connector on the PMC Front Panel, hascontrols, which duplicate controls on the PMC Front Panel. The Hand Held Unit has a 4 digitdisplay, lighted pushbuttons and a MODIFY UP/DOWN Rocker Switch which duplicate thefunction of the numeric portion of the PMC display, the keys and LED indicators, and theMODIFY UP/DOWN keys, respectively.

In addition to displaying numeric values, the Hand Held Unit display uses error codes, as shown inTable 2.3, to indicate errors that are displayed in message form on the PMC display. The HandHeld Unit keys can be used interchangeably with the corresponding PMC front panel keys.

Once an output function is set up on the PMC, the Hand Held Unit may be used to alter the output;i.e. MODIFY, DEV (%), NORMAL, OPERATE or STBY. The Hand Held Unit also haspushbuttons for the STORE and RECALL functions.

2.7 GPIB Operation

2.7.1 GeneralThe PMC has a fully functional GPIB port that provides for remote or automatic operation with aGPIB instrument controller. All functions of the PMC, except MODIFY, may be operatedthrough GPIB commands. The PMC has the following IEEE-488 capabilities:

SH1- Source Handshake; complete capability

AH1- Acceptor Handshake; complete capability

T6- Talker; Basic Taker, Serial Poll, Unaddress if MLA

L4- Listener; Basic Listener, Unaddress if MTA

SR1- Service Request; complete capability

RL2- No Local Lockout

(Front Panel Disabled, RESET Key active)

PP0- Parallel Poll; no capability

DC1- Device Clear; complete capability

DT0- Device Trigger; no capability

C0- Controller; no capability

E2- Tri State (1MB/Sec max)

2-21

Table 2.3 - HHU Status Messages______________________________________________________________________________

DISPLAY MESSAGE______________________________________________________________________________

PASS PMC has successfully completed a functional test procedure or acircuit card test.

Er 0 Output overload.

Er 3 Measurement offset adjustment out of calibration.

Er 4 No voltage or current function set.

Er 6 Deviation cardinal value is zero.

Er 9 Defective storage EEROM.

Er 10 Calibration limit exceeded.

2-22

2.7.2 Setting the GPIB AddressThe GPIB Address is set during the power on sequence using the keypad and the ENTER key.Turn on the PMC. The PMC will display GPIB ADDRESS = XX. If the desired address isdisplayed, press the ENTER key to begin the Self-Test Function Test. The GPIB address mayonly be changed while it is being displayed by entering a one or two digit address and pressingENTER. After pressing 'ENTER' the new GPIB address is stored in non-volatile memory.

2.7.3 Power-On SequenceDuring the Power on sequence after the GPIB ADDRESS message is displayed, the PMC willperform a Function Test. (See Section 2.8 for details.) GPIB commands are ignored during thesetests. The Function Test may be bypassed by pressing RESET while the PMC displays its GPIBADDRESS. Press RESET to return the PMC to the RESET mode. Once in the Reset mode aGPIB controller can communicate with the PMC through the GPIB port. INTERFACE CLEARcommand (IFC) resets the PMC interface functions only; it does not affect the PMC operatingmodes.

2.7.4 Remote Programming Function TestsThe Function Tests may be performed remotely using the appropriate GPIB command (see Table2.4). Upon successful completion of the Function Test, PASSED FUNCTION TEST is displayedand SRQ is asserted. The PASS code (see Sec. 2.7.7.1) is reported to the GPIB controller whenthe PMC is serial polled.

2.7.5 NumbersThe PMC accepts decimal numbers expressed as an ASCII string and if needed may contain anembedded decimal point character. The sign character (-) or optional (+) precedes the numberstring of up to four digits. The numeric entry string must end with a unit suffix.

For a PMC output of 5 volts the following are equivalent:

5V (LF)

+5V (LF)

5.000V (LF)

5V (CR) (LF)

For output values less than or equal to 100mV, use the MV/MA key; otherwise use the V/A key.For example to set the PMC output to -26.25 millivolts use -26.25MV, but not -.02625V. Alsouse .420V but not 420MV to obtain 420 millivolts on the 1 V range.

2-23

2.7.6 Command CodesThe PMC responds to ASCII alphanumeric command strings (capital letters only). Only onecommend per message is permitted, terminated with a Carriage Return (CR) and Line Feed (LF)characters or with a LF character alone. Space characters are ignored. Table 2.4 lists the availablecommands and the resulting PMC action.

2.7.7 Command SequenceThe PMC uses keystroke equivalent programming. Each front panel key has an equivalent GPIBcommand. GPIB commands are equivalent to those employed when the PMC is manuallyoperated. (See the Front Panel Operation Section 2.4 for details on Front Panel Operation). Theonly front panel controls that are not duplicated with GPIB commands are the Modify Controls.The following command sequence is an example, which sets the PMC to 25.82 Volts output at55.43 HZ._____________________________________________________________________________

STEP COMMAND RESULTS_____________________________________________________________________________

1. RES Select 60 Hz Mode. This line is optional. The PMC assumes 60Hz mode if a frequency is requested between 50 Hz and 75 Hz

2. 60 Hz Selects 60 Hz Mode. This line is optional. The PMC assumes 60Hz mode if a frequency is requested between 50 Hz and 75 Hz.

3. 55.43 Hz Sets the PMC Operating Frequency to 55.43 Hz.

4. V Selects Voltage Output Mode. This line is optional. The PMCassumes voltage mode when a specific voltage is requested. (Seenext step.)

5. 25.82 V Sets PMC for 25.82 Volts

6. OP Initiates output.

7. 26 V Changes output to 26 Volts.

8. STA Removes output (does not alter settings).

2.7.7.1 Diagnostic TestsTo run a diagnostic test, send the DTXX command where XX is the test number. Refer to theDiagnostic Test Sequence Section 2.8.3 for details. The PMC ignores interface commands while aDiagnostic Test is being performed. Upon completion of a test the PMC asserts SRQ and reportseither PASS code (50) or an Error Code (see Table 2.9). To return the PMC to normal operation

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after completion of a diagnostic test send Carriage Return (CR) and Line Feed (LF) characters orLF alone.

2.7.7.2 Status CommandsThe status of the PMC may be requested by using the Query Commands: QC, QD, QI, QV, orQM. The controller addresses the PMC to listen, sends the query command, addresses the PMC totalk and then receives the requested status data. For the QC, QI and QV commands the data issent as ASCII strings containing 1's and 0's to denote the settings of the various PMC controls andquantities. See Table 2.5 for a description of these status items.

The PMC responds to output status command, QM, with ASCII L, H, =, or S to indicate that theoutput is low, high, equal to the desired setting or in the Standby mode, respectively.

2.7.8 Error HandlingThe PMC asserts the SRQ line when an error condition is detected and reports an error number tothe controller when serial polled. Tables 2.7, 2.8 and 2.9 list the error number with correspondingconditions, and indicate the resulting state of the PMC. After corrective action is taken, thecommand sequence can be resumed.

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Table 2.4 - GPIB Command Description_____________________________________________________________________________

COMMAND RESULT_____________________________________________________________________________

A Initializes Current operating mode or displays Current if in Power orPhase/Power Factor mode.

CA Enables PMC calibration mode.

CAX Selects calibration fraction of range with X=1, 2,3,4 or 5. 1=1/10 Range,2=1/4, 3=1/2, 4=3/4 and 5=Top of Range.

CL Execute MEMORY CLEAR function.

DC Select DC Operating Mode.

DTXX Initiates Diagnostic Test Number XX (See Sec. 2.8.3 and Table 2.9)

FT Initiates Self Test Function Tests

HZ Request PMC to display frequency setting.

NOR Selects NORMAL mode.

OP Select Operate state.

PH Request PMC to display Phase setting.

PF Request PMC to display Power Factor setting.

Q Selects VARS operating mode.

QC Query Command: Control Status (see Table 2.5).

QD Query Command: Sends 20 ASCII string that matches the front panelalphanumeric display.

QI Query Command: Output Current range status (see Table 2.6)

QM Query Command: Output Signal Status (L = Low, H = High, N = Normal,S = Standby).

QV Query Command: Output Voltage Range Status

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Table 2.4 - GPIB Command Description (continued)_____________________________________________________________________________

COMMAND RESULT_____________________________________________________________________________

REC Execute MEMORY RECALL function

RES Returns PMC to RESET state.

SN Sends instrument serial number

SS0 Selects SYNCHROSCOPE output and 0°

SS180 Selects SYNCHROSCOPE output and 180°

STA Selects STANDBY state

STO Execute MEMORY STORE function

V Initializes VOLTAGE Operating mode or displays Voltage if in POWERor PHASE/POWER FACTOR modes.

W Select POWER Operating Mode

XP Transfers Voltage and Current calibration constants power locations

XV Sends firmware version date (ddmmmyy)

XXXXA Set output to XXXX Amperes

± XXXCO Adjust calibration constant by + or – XXX hundredths percent

XXXXHZ Set output frequency to XXXXHZ

XXXXMA Set output to XXXX Milliamps (used only on Milliamp ranges, < 100 mA)

± XXXXMV Set output to + or – XXXX Millivolts (used only on Millivolt range, < 100mV)

± XXXXPF Set output to + or – XXXX Power Factor

± XXXXPH Set output phase to + or – XXXX phase

± XXXXQ Set output Q to + or – XXXX VARS

± XXXXV Set output voltage to + or – XXXX Volts

± XXXXW Set output power to + or – XXXX Watts

X = numerals 0 through 9An embedded decimal point character may be used as necessary

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Table 2.5 - 1040C Status Message Description, Control Status (QC)_____________________________________________________________________

POSITION # DESCRIPTION_____________________________________________________________________

1 Normal

2 Standby

3 Synchroscope 0Ê

4 400 HZ

5 HZ

6 Reset

7 60 HZ

8 DC

9 Phase

10 % Deviation

11 Not used

12 Not used

13 Operate

14 Power Factor

15 Not used

16 Synchroscope 180°

17 Voltage 1

18 Memory Store 1

19 Memory Store 2

20 Power 1

21 Voltage 2

22 Current 1

23 Current 2

24 Power 2

25 Operate/Standby

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Table 2.5 - Control Status (QC) (continued)_____________________________________________________________________

POSITION # DESCRIPTION_____________________________________________________________________

26 Not used

27 Voltage On

28 Current On

29 Power Converter On

30 Not used

31 Not used

32 Flash Display

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Table 2.6 - 1040C Status Message Description, Current & VoltageCurrent Range (QI) and Voltage Range (QV) Status

____________________________________________________________________________

BIT # CURRENT RANGE VOLTAGE RANGE____________________________________________________________________________

1 1 mA 100mV

2 10 mA 1 V

3 100 mA 10 V

4 0 0

5 0 0

6 1 A 100 V

7 10 A 1000 V

8 0 0

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Table 2.7 - GPIB Error Codes_____________________________________________________________________________

SERIAL POLL

RESPONSE DESCRIPTION_____________________________________________________________________________

64 + CODE # Routine Operation Error CODE # (See Table 2.8 for Code #'s

0 through 10)

64 + 11 Processor Control Function Test Failure

64 + 12 Current Output Function Test Failure

64 + 13 Voltage Output Function Test Failure

64 + 14 Power Converter Function Test Failure

64 + 20 GPIB Command Entry Not Found

64 + 21 GPIB Command Value out-of-bounds

64 + 22 GPIB Command Sequence Error

64 + 30 +Error # Diagnostic Test Failure W/ Error# (See Table 2.9 for Error#)

64 + 50 Passed Assigned Test

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Table 2.8 - Routine Operation Error Codes(Also displayed on Hand Held Unit)

_____________________________________________________________________________

CODE # DESCRIPTION_____________________________________________________________________________

0 Output Overload

1 PMC unable to supply required output level

2 Not used

3 Measurement offset adjust error

4 Not used

5 Not used

6 Deviation cardinal point is zero

7 PMC output terminals not isolated

8 Not used

9 PMC calibration storage error

10 Calibration limit exceeded

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Table 2.9 - Diagnostic Tests and Error Codes_____________________________________________________________________________

TEST ERROR DESCRIPTION# #

_____________________________________________________________________________

01 Display and LED Test

No error report (operator views display and LED's fordefects).

02 Control Switch Test

No error report. Operator cued to press Front Panel Buttons.Test if the button tested is inoperative, if all buttons aretested and operate, PASS message displayed (pass code isreported via GPIB if the test was requested over GPIB).

03 Processor Card Test

1 ROM Check Sum Error2 RAM Check Error3 Phase Control Test Error

04 ADC Card Test

1 100 mV Reference Error2 Sample and Hold Test Error3 A/D Converter Test Error

05 Current Measurement Test

0 Measurement Offset Adjustment Error1 Reference Measurement Error2 AC Gain Measurement Error3 Overload Circuit Test Error4 1 mA. Range Measurement Error5 10 mA. Range Measurement Error6 100 mA. Range Measurement Error7 1 A. Range Measurement Error8 10 A. Range Measurement Error9 Current Amplifier Offset Error

06 Current Source Test

1 Current Generator Attenuator Test Error2 AC Operation Failure

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Table 2.9 - Diagnostic Test Error Codes (continued)_____________________________________________________________________________

TEST ERROR DESCRIPTION# #

_____________________________________________________________________________

07 Voltage Measurement Test

0 Measurement Offset Adjustment Error1 Reference Measurement Error2 AC Gain Measurement Error3 Overload Circuit Test Error4 100 mV Range Measurement Error5 1 V Range Measurement Error6 10 V Range Measurement Error7 100 V Range Measurement Error8 1000 V Range Measurement Error

08 Voltage Source Test

1 Voltage Generator Attenuator Test Error2 AC Operation Failure

09 Hand Held Unit Test

No error report. Operator cued to press Front Panel Buttons.Test if the button tested is inoperative, if all buttons aretested and operate, PASS message displayed (pass code isreported via GPIB if the test was requested over GPIB).

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2.8 Self Test Operation

2.8.1 GeneralThe PMC has two levels of built-in self-tests: a Function Test which checks for general functionalcharacteristics and a set of Diagnostic Tests which provide for detailed fault isolation. TheFunction Test is performed automatically on power on and may be re-run at anytime by pressingand holding both of the modify keys (Up/Down arrows) and depressing the RESET key. Pressingthe MODIFY DOWN key and depressing the RESET key will initiate the Diagnostic Tests.Terminate the Function Test or Diagnostic Tests by pressing RESET.

2.8.2 Function Test DescriptionNOTE All PMC outputs must be isolated for proper Function Test Operation.

The Function Test is automatically performed during the power on sequence. The function testverifies that the major subsections of the PMC are operating. Should a fault be detected, it can belocalized using the diagnostic tests (see the diagnostic test description for details, Sec. 2.8.3). It isassumed that the Z80 control processor and its associated circuitry are operable in order toperform the function test. An inoperable control processor would be immediately evident duringthe power on sequence by random illumination of front panel LED's and a blank or incoherentdisplay. The PMC should be immediately switched off if this situation occurs; correctivemaintenance will be required.

The following information describes the various function tests that are performed. They are listedin the order they are performed and each test references the PMC circuit subsection being tested.If a failure occurs, a FAIL message will be displayed and no further tests will be performed.Corrective maintenance must be performed before the PMC is placed in service.

2.8.2.1 DISPLAY AND LED TESTAll LED's and all elements of the alphanumeric display are illuminated during this test. Theflashing STORE LED, OVERLOAD AND HIGH VOLTAGE warning indicators are alsoexercised. Defective LED's or display elements are easily noted for later corrective maintenance.

2.8.2.2 CONTROL FUNCTION TESTDuring this test, the following key elements of the control section are tested.

1. Read Only Memory (ROM), which holds the PMC control program

2. Random Access Memory (RAM), which stores the measurement and operational data

3. Frequency generation and phase measurement counter circuitry

4. Electrically Erasable ROM (EEROM), which stores calibration and user data

5. Analog to Digital conversion circuitry (A/D).

The EEROM is not directly tested by the function test but is tested for loss or alteration of dataduring power on and is tested each time the reset function or calibration operations are performed.As mentioned above, it is assumed that a catastrophic fault is not present in the Z80 control

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processor so that it is able to function, at least in a limited way, to perform the following controltests:

2.8.2.2.1 ROM TestA check sum test is performed on the control ROM to verify that the control program is intact. Allof the bytes for the control program, present in the ROM, are added to form a sum, which iscompared with a stored value in the ROM. A FAIL message is displayed if a difference isdetected.

2.8.2.2.2 RAM TestAll bytes in the RAM are exercised to verify correct operation. A FAIL message is displayed inthe event a fault is detected.

2.8.2.2.3 Phase TestThe frequency generation and phase control circuitry are checked in this test. The test is restrictedto the signal generation circuits and does not include operation of the AC voltage and alternatingcurrent output amplifiers. A FAIL message at the end of this test would indicate a fault in theprocessor phase control or frequency generation circuitry.

2.8.2.2.4 A/D TestThe analog to digital converter test measures the internal precision 100mV reference and verifiesthe operation of the sample and hold circuitry. A FAIL message is displayed if these tests are notcorrectly performed.

2.8.2.3 CURRENT OUTPUT TESTThe message CURRENT TEST is displayed during the performance of the current output tests. AFAIL message is displayed if defective operation is detected.

The low current output amplifier and current measurement circuitry are tested first for correctoperation. If a fault is detected, the CURRENT TEST FAIL message is displayed. The highcurrent output amplifier is tested following successful completion of the low current test. Again, aFAIL message is displayed if a fault is detected; otherwise, the voltage function tests areperformed. The low and high current tests are performed at 400 Hz in order to exercise extensiveportions of the AC and DC sections of the PMC measurement circuitry.

2.8.2.4 VOLTAGE OUTPUT TESTThe message VOLTAGE TEST is displayed during the performance of the voltage output tests.The low voltage DC output amplifier and voltage measurement circuitry are tested first for correctoperation. If a fault is detected the VOLTAGE TEST FAIL message is displayed. The highvoltage output amplifier is tested following successful completion of the low voltage test. Twovoltages are tested, 100 V and 1000 V. Again, a FAIL message is displayed if a fault is detectedin either of the tests; otherwise, a PASSED FUNCTION TEST message is briefly displayedsignifying successful completion of the function tests. The PMC is placed in the Reset mode andDC, 60 Hz or 400 Hz is displayed. This indicates that the PMC is ready for service.

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2.8.3 Diagnostic Test DescriptionThe PMC diagnostic tests are initiated if a power-on function test failure occurs or if the operatorpresses and holds the MODIFY DOWN key and then presses the RESET key. Upon initiation ofthe diagnostic tests (UP ARROW), (DOWN ARROW) & ENT for tests will be displayed. TheMODIFY UP and MODIFY DOWN keys are used to cycle through the tests. Once the desiredtest is displayed, press ENTER to begin the test.

Diagnostic Test Titles

0. Exit Tests1. Display and LED Test2. Front Panel Key Test3. RAM/ROM & Phase Test4. Reference & ADC Test5. Current Measure Test6. Current Source Test7. Voltage Measure Test8. Voltage Source Test9. Hand Held Unit Test10. Debug Utilities

It is assumed that the Z80 control processor and its associated circuitry are operable in order toperform the diagnostic tests. An inoperable control processor would be immediately evident onpower on by random illumination of control panel LED's and a blank or incoherent display. ThePMC should be immediately switched off if this situation occurs and corrective maintenanceperformed to verify or replace the Z80 processor and associated power supply and supportcircuitry. Once correct processor operation is available the diagnostic tests can be performed totest the remaining portions of the PMC.

The following is a description of the individual menu items:

2.8.3.1 EXIT TESTSThis menu item when selected returns the PMC to Reset mode.

2.8.3.2 DISPLAY AND LED TESTAll LED's are illuminated and the flashing STORE LED is exercised. The alphanumeric matrixdisplay is placed in a self-test mode, which displays all possible characters. The flashingOVERLOAD and HIGH VOLTAGE warning indicators are also exercised. Defective LED's ordisplay elements are easily noted for later corrective maintenance. Depress the MODIFY UP orMODIFY DOWN key momentarily to signify pass or fail respectively and to exit this test.

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2.8.3.3 FRONT PANEL KEY TESTAll of the front panel PMC keys and the knob are checked for correct operation in this test. Theknob check is performed first. The PMC will display the message KNOB = XXX. As the knob isrotated the number represented by XXX will cycle from 0 to 255, increasing as the knob is rotatedclockwise and decreasing as the knob is rotated counter-clockwise. When the knob operationcheck is completed press the ENTER key to continue. During the front panel key test the name ofa control key is displayed and the operator must respond by pressing the indicated key. If thecontrol key operates correctly, the next key name is displayed; otherwise no action occurs and thetest halts at this point. Corrective maintenance is required in the circuit area of the faulty key inorder for the test to proceed. The key test can be terminated any time after the RESET key istested by pressing RESET (assuming the RESET key is operable).

2.8.3.4 RAM/ROM & PHASE TESTKey elements of the control section are tested including: (1) read only memory (ROM), whichholds the PMC control program; (2) random access memory (RAM), which stores measurementand operational data; (3) electrically erasable ROM (EEROM) which stores calibration and userdata; and (4) frequency generation and phase control. The EEROM is not directly tested in thistest routine but is tested for loss or alteration of data during power on and is tested each time theRESET function and calibration operations are performed. As mentioned above, it is assumed thata catastrophic fault is not present in the Z80 control processor so that it is able to function, at leastin a limited way, to perform the control tests.

2.8.3.4.1 ROM TestA check sum test is performed on the control ROM to verify that the control program is intact. Allof the bytes for the control program, present in the ROM are added to form a sum, which iscompared with a stored value in the ROM. A FAIL message is displayed if a difference isdetected.

2.8.3.4.2 RAM TestAll bytes in the RAM are exercised to verify correct operation. A FAIL message is displayed if afault is detected.

2.8.3.4.3 Phase TestThe frequency generation and phase control counter circuitry are checked in this diagnostic test.The test is restricted to the signal generation circuits and does not include operation of the PMCvoltage and alternating current output amplifiers. A FAIL message at the end of this test wouldindicate a fault in the processor counter or frequency generation circuitry.

2.8.3.5 REFERENCE & ADC TESTThe analog to digital converter (ADC) test measures the internal precision 100 mV reference andverifies the operation of the sample and hold and analog to digital conversion circuitry.

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2.8.3.5.1 Reference TestThe ADC measures and compares its internal reference with the PMC's precision DC voltagereference source. The measurement is performed using the current measurement circuitry. If anout-of-bound condition exists, the measurement is repeated using the voltage measurementcircuitry. If the out-of-bound condition persists, a FAIL message is displayed.

2.8.3.5.2 Sample and Hold TestThis test is performed in two steps. The precision reference is measured as described in thereference test above and the result is stored. Next, the sample and hold circuitry is placed in thehold mode, and the reference input is removed. After a period of time the reference measurementis repeated. The hold measurement and the original reference measurement values should agreewithin a prescribed limit in order to pass the test. A FAIL message is displayed if an unacceptabledrift is detected in the hold value.

2.8.3.5.3 ADC TestOperation of the PMC analog to digital converter (ADC) is verified by comparing the ADC'sresponse to various known input signals. Detection of an out-of-limit measurement value resultsin the display indicating FAIL. If shown, corrective maintenance of the ADC circuitry is needed.

2.8.3.6 CURRENT MEASUREMENT TESTThe current measurement circuitry is validated first. Each of the 5 PMC current output ranges arethen exercised at the maximum current value for each range (the 10 A range is tested at 2 A). Inthe event of a measurement failure, the PMC DEBUG UTILITIES, (see Sec. 2.8.4.1) can be usedto display measurement values and provide additional operational data for localizing a fault or foraid in setting manual adjustments.

The following tests are performed to assess the PMC current measurement and output functions.

2.8.3.6.1 Current Measurement Offset TestThe output of the current measurement amplifier is tested with a zero-voltage, input signal. Theamplifier output must be less than a prescribed value or a FAIL message is displayed.

2.8.3.6.2 DC Current Measurement Gain TestThe PMC's precision reference is measured using the PMC's DC current measurement circuitry.The measurement amplifier's DC gain value is then compared with the expected value and a FAILmessage is displayed if the difference falls outside a prescribed limit.

2.8.3.6.3 AC Current Measurement Gain TestThe PMC precision reference is measured using the AC current measurement circuitry. The ACmeasurement amplifier's gain value is then compared with the expected value and a FAIL messageis displayed if the difference falls outside a prescribed limit.

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2.8.3.6.4 Current Overload TestThe current overload test is performed in two steps. In the first step the test relay is closed and thecurrent source is energized. A compliance measurement is performed and should be less than aprescribed limit. In the second step the test relay is opened with the current source energized andthe compliance voltage measurement is repeated. The compliance voltage measured shouldexceed a prescribed value. A FAIL message is displayed if the test fails. NOTE: The currentoutput connections must be open for proper operation of this test.

2.8.3.6.5 Current Output Range TestEach of the 5 current output ranges is tested for correct output at full-scale values. The currentoutput test relay is closed during the test to provide a current path for the output. Range 5, the10A range, is tested at 2A. (The test relay contacts are rated at 2A.) The tests performed are thelowest DC current range (range 1) at 1 mA full scale, then range 2 at 10 mA, and range 3 at 100mA. High current ranges, range 4 at 1 A and range 5 at 2 A for the 10 A range, are tested forcorrect output. This test also tests the current power converter, which supplies the high currentoutput amplifier.

The range test current outputs are measured and compared with an expected value. If the testoutput value deviates from the expected value by more than a prescribed limit, a test failuremessage for the range is displayed and corrective maintenance is required.

2.8.3.7 CURRENT SOURCE TESTCurrent waveform generation and control circuitry is tested in this series of tests. The operation ofthe digital to analog sinewave generator and the attenuator control circuits are exercised.

2.8.3.7.1 Minimum Output TestThe coarse and fine control attenuators, A1 and A2, are set for minimum output and the currentoutput is measured. If the output exceeds a prescribed limit a FAIL message is displayed and theattenuator circuitry needs corrective maintenance.

2.8.3.7.2 Attenuator TestTo produce a prescribed set of output values the unit increments and decrements internalattenuators to check the linearity of the attenuators. A FAIL message indicates that the linearity ofthe control DAC is suspect and corrective maintenance is required.

2.8.3.7.3 Sinewave TestThe sinewave generator output at 60 Hz is tested. The measured output must agree with a presetvalue, within a prescribed limit, in order to pass the test. A FAIL message indicates that thesinewave generation ROM and DAC circuitry are suspect and in need of corrective maintenance.The high current output amplifier is not used in this test.

2.8.3.8 VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT TESTThe voltage measurement circuitry is validated first and if correct results are obtained each of the5 voltage output ranges are exercised for correct output at the maximum output value for each

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range. In the event of a measurement failure, the PMC DEBUG UTILITIES (see Sec. 2.8.4.1) canbe used to display measurement values and provide additional operational data for localizing afault or for aid in setting manual adjustments.

The following tests are performed to assess the PMC voltage measurement and output functions.

2.8.3.8.1 Voltage Measurement Offset TestThe output of the voltage measurement amplifier is tested with a zero-signal input. The amplifieroutput must be less than a prescribed value or a FAIL message is displayed.

2.8.3.8.2 DC Voltage Measurement Gain TestThe PMC precision reference is measured using the DC voltage measurement system. Theresulting measurement amplifier DC gain value is compared with the expected value and a FAILmessage is displayed if the difference falls outside a prescribed error limit.

2.8.3.8.3 AC Voltage Measurement Gain TestThe PMC precision reference is measured again using the AC voltage measurement system. Theresulting measurement AC amplifier gain value is compared with the expected value and a FAILmessage is displayed if the difference falls outside a prescribed error limit.

2.8.3.8.4 Voltage Overload TestThe voltage overload test is performed in two steps. First the overload input is tested with zerovoltage applied to its input. The measured overload value should be less than a prescribed limit;otherwise a FAIL message is displayed. In the second step a test voltage is applied to the overloadinput and the overload measurement is repeated. The overload value should exceed a prescribedvalue for passage of the test.

2.8.3.8.5 Voltage Output Range TestEach of the 5 voltage output ranges are tested for correct output at full-scale values. The tests areperformed with DC output set to the lowest voltage range, range 1, at 100 mV, then range 2 at 1V, range 3 at 10 V, range 4 at 100 V and range 5 at 1000 V. This test also checks the voltagepower converter, which supplies the high voltage output amplifier.

The range test voltage outputs are measured and compared with an expected value. If the testoutput value deviates from the expected value by more than a prescribed limit then a test failurefor the range is displayed and corrective maintenance is required.

2.8.3.9 VOLTAGE SOURCE TESTVoltage waveform generation and control circuitry is tested in this series of tests. The operationof the digital to analog sinewave generator and the attenuator control circuits are exercised.

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2.8.3.9.1 Minimum Output TestThe coarse and fine control attenuators, A1 and A2, are set for minimum output and the voltageoutput is measured. If the output exceeds a prescribed limit a FAIL message is displayed and theattenuator circuitry needs corrective maintenance.

2.8.3.9.2 Attenuator TestTo produce a prescribed set of output values the unit increments and decrements internalattenuators to check the linearity of the attenuators. A FAIL message indicates that the linearity ofthe control DAC is suspect and corrective maintenance is required.

2.8.3.9.3 Sinewave TestThe sinewave generator output at 60 Hz is tested. The measured output must agree with a presetvalue within a prescribed limit in order to pass the test. A FAIL message indicates that thesinewave generation ROM and DAC circuitry is suspect and in need of corrective maintenance.The high voltage amplifier is not used in this test.

2.8.4. HANDHELD UNIT TESTSAll of the Hand Held Unit controls are checked for correct operation in this test. The name of acontrol key is displayed and the operator responds by pressing the indicated key. If the controlkey operates correctly, the next key name is displayed; otherwise no action occurs and the test'hangs' at this point. Corrective maintenance is required in the circuit area of the faulty key inorder for the test to proceed. The PASS message is displayed when all controls operate correctly.Press the MODIFY DOWN key to return to the test menu after successful completion of the HandHeld Unit test. The test can be terminated any time by pressing RESET.

2.8.4.1 DEBUG UTILITIESThis menu item contains a number of test functions, which allow the operator to view "raw"measurement data items that are critical to the operation of the PMC. Facilitate amplifieradjustments in the current and voltage measurement sections by observing the offset data whileadjusting the trimmer controls. In addition, amplitude control DACs can be set by the operator toallow current and voltage outputs to be changed independent of processor feedback control. Thisallows the repair technician to observe operation of individual hardware items at fixed settingswithout interference due to processor control actions. Each voltage and current output range canbe individually exercised.

Upon entry into the test, the operator is queried by the display message CURRENT ORVOLTAGE?When the operator presses the CURRENT or VOLTAGE key, according to the series of testsdesired, the message ‘OFFSET TEST XXXXX’ appears. XXXXX is the ADC reading of theoutput of the current or voltage measurement operational amplifier circuit with a zero input signal.The ADC reading is nominally 300 +20 when the amplifier offset is properly adjusted. If thereading does not agree the appropriate trimmer should be adjusted. Replacement of theoperational amplifier may be needed if the offset cannot be adjusted to the nominal value.

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Press the ENTER key when finished with the offset adjustment to proceed to the DC gain test,which is announced by the message DC GAIN TEST XXXXX. XXXXX is the measurementreading obtained when the precision 100-mV reference is applied to the measurement amplifierinput. A reading of 14,700 +300 indicates correct DC operation.

Press the ENTER key when finished with the DC gain test to proceed to the AC gain test, which isannounced by the message AC GAIN TEST XXXXX. XXXXX is the measurement readingobtained when the precision 100-mV reference is applied to the measurement amplifier input. Areading of 10,500 +200 for current or 6900 +200 for voltage indicates correct AC operation.

Press the ENTER key when finished to proceed to the overload test, which is announced by themessage OVERLOAD TEST XXXXX. XXXXX is the measurement reading obtained when theoutput of the overload circuit is applied to the measurement amplifier input. A reading of lessthan 1000 indicates correct operation.

If the Current tests are being performed, the display will show AMP OFFSET TEST XXXX afterpressing ENTER. The reading XXXX is a measurement of the output amplifier offset and shouldbe less than 400.

Press the ENTER key when finished to proceed to the output range tests, indicated by the rangemessages, for example RANGE 1 XXXXX. XXXXX is the measurement reading obtained whenthe current or voltage output is applied to the measurement amplifier input. A reading of less than700 is obtained initially. The output current or voltage is under manual control and may beadjusted up or down through the use of the MODIFY keys. The display shows the amplitudecontrol setting while a MODIFY key is pressed. Control settings of 0 to 4095 are available andincrement or decrement in steps of 100. The display reverts to the output reading when aMODIFY key is released. The output may be turned "on" or "off" by use of the OPER and STBYkeys. Pressing the STBY key not only turns "off" the output but also returns the amplitude controlsetting to 0. The range tests are useful for observing measurement values and analog circuitperformance in a static mode without the complexities of processor feedback control. Press theCURRENT or VOLTAGE key when finished with a range test to proceed to the next range.

CAUTIONTake care not to exceed full-scale outputs for a given range. Control is entirely manual. Overloadoperation and processor feedback controls are disabled during the range tests. If difficulties occurpress the RESET key to exit the test and return to normal operation.

The following is a table of typical values for full-scale range settings:

Current SettingsRANGE FULL SCALE OUTPUT MODIFY VALUE OUTPUT VALUE

1 1 mA 2600 15340

2 10 mA 2600 15340

3 100 mA 2500 14750

4 1 A 2600 15200

5 10 A 2600 15200

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Voltage SettingsRANGE FULL SCALE OUTPUT MODIFY VALUE OUTPUT VALUE

1 100 mV 2600 15340

2 1 V 2600 15340

3 10 V 2500 14750

4 100 V 2600 15200

5 1000 V 2600 15200

Upon completion of the current output amplifier offset test, use the MODIFY UP or MODIFYDOWN keys to indicate pass or fail respectively. The operator may repeat the Debug Utilities orselect other Diagnostic Tests.

2.9 Error MessagesThe PMC displays numerous error messages to warn the operator of improper entries and setups,out-of-bound conditions, and internal faults. Along with the message display the errors arereported by code number on the Hand Held Unit display and over the GPIB. Table 2.10 lists thevarious error messages as seen on the display with a description, probable cause, appropriateaction to be taken, and the corresponding code number. The PMC may always be returned tonormal operation by pressing the RESET key.

A failure during the Function Test or one of the Diagnostic Tests is reported with FAIL appearingin the last four display locations. If a test failure persists consult a repair technician.

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Table 2.10 - Error/Probable Cause/Appropriate Action___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CODE DISPLAYED

# MESSAGES DESCRIPTION PROBABLE CAUSE APPROPRIATE ACTION___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

0 VOLTAGEOVERLOAD

Too much current is beingdrawn from the voltageoutput. The flashingOVERLOAD light isilluminated.

1. Voltage cable connectorsshorted.

2. Improper meter connections.3. Meter impedance too low.4. Selected voltage too high.

1. Check for proper operationwith voltage cable isconnected from PMC. If Errorpersists, an internal faultexists.

2. Check voltage cable forisolation between bananaconnections.

3. Check meter for proper inputimpedance.

0 CURRENTOVERLOAD

The voltage at the currentoutput went beyond thecompliance limit attemptingto reach the requestedcurrent. The flashingOVERLOAD light isilluminated.

1. Current cable connectionsimproper.

2. Meter impedance too high.3. Selected current too high.

1. Check the current cableimpedance.

2. Using tested current cable,check for proper operationwith cable ends shorted. Iferror persists, an internal faultexists.

3. Check for proper meterconnections.

4. Check meter for proper inputimpedance.

2-47

Table 2.10 - Error/Probable Cause/Appropriate Action (continued)___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CODE DISPLAYED


1 VOLTAGEOUTPUT LOW

Unable to reach requestedvoltage.

Internal fault. Consult repair technician.

1 CURRENTOUTPUT LOW

Unable to reach requestedcurrent.

Internal fault. Consult repair technician.

3 OFFSET ADJUSTERROR

Either the voltage or currentmeasurement amplifierneeds to have its input offsetvoltage adjusted.

Component change or aging. Using the Debug Routine, adjusteither R13 on the VoltageMeasurement card or R33 on theCurrent Measurement card (seeSection 2.8.4.1).

7 OUTPUT NOTISOLATED

A signal from an outsidesource of at least 10 Voltsand 10 mA is present on thevoltage or current outputs.

1. Connection was made to anon-isolated meter.

2. A cross connection betweenthe voltage and currentoutputs exists.

Disconnect one connection at atime, starting at the meter, toisolate the source.

2-49

Table 2.10 - Error/Probable Cause/Appropriate Action (continued)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

CODE DISPLAYED


9 CAL. STORAGEERROR

Whenever new calibrationconstants are stored a checksum is created. Uponpower-up the constants areread and the check sum isverified. This errorindicates the check sumverification failed.

Possible faulty component onprocessor card.

Turn PMC off and back on again.If problem persists consult repairtechnician.

10 CAL. LIMITEXCEEDED

The calibration adjustmentlimit has been exceeded.

During calibration the output hasbeen adjusted too far in onedirection.

Check measurement equipment toverify calibration value. If theproblem persists an internal faultis indicated - consult repairtechnician.

ENTRY ERROR An out-of-bounds value orincorrect units were input.

Incorrect key strokes. After a few moments the errormessage will disappear andnormal operation may continue.

ERROR Generic If failure persists, consult repairtechnician.

i

SECTION 3 – APPLICATION NOTES

CALIBRATING METERS AND TRANSDUCERS WITH THE MODEL 1040C

PANEL METER CALIBRATOR

ARBITER SYSTEMS, INC. 1324 VENDELS CIRCLE, SUITE 121 PASO ROBLES, CA 93447 (805) 237-3831 FAX (805) 238-5717 PD0010800A 9-92

ii

Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1

Using the 1040C for Calibrating Single Phase Devices............................................ 2

A.C. Voltage ................................................................................................. 2

A.C. Current.................................................................................................. 2

A.C. Power.................................................................................................... 3

A.C. Frequency ............................................................................................. 3

Phase Angle................................................................................................... 4

Power Factor ................................................................................................. 4

Volt-Amps and Volt-Amps Reactive............................................................ 5

Using the 1040C for Calibrating Polyphase Devices................................................ 7

A.C. Voltage ................................................................................................. 7

A.C. Current.................................................................................................. 7

A.C. Power.................................................................................................... 7

Phase Angle................................................................................................... 8

Power Factor ................................................................................................. 8

Volt-Amps and Volt-Amps Reactive............................................................ 10

Calibrating Transducers Using the Null Comparison Method.................................. 11

Connection Diagrams................................................................................................ 12

Phase, Power Factor, and VAR Convention Diagram .............................................. 23

Appendix A: Meter Examples.................................................................................. 24

3-1

Calibrating Meters and Transducers with the Arbiter Systems 1040C

Panel Meter Calibrator

Introduction

Because of the variety of parameters involved, in-house and field calibration of meters and transducers used in the power industry has in the past required several specialized instruments. The Arbiter Systems Model 1040C Panel Meter Calibrator has incorporated all of the necessary functions into a single portable unit, designed specifically for the task. The purpose of this document is to provide a guideline for using the 1040C to calibrate commonly used meters and transducers.

The 1040C Panel Meter Calibrator is used by service and calibration professionals in the power generation and distribution fields, to measure and/or insure the accuracy of various meters and transducers used in generating facilities and substations. The instrument is also used by the U.S. Navy, to perform similar calibrations on equipment used for shipboard power generation and distribution.

The 1040C Panel Meter Calibrator can be configured to perform eight calibration functions:

-Voltage (ac and dc); -Current (ac and dc); -Frequency; -Power; -Power Factor; -Phase; -VARs; -Synchroscope.

A front panel keyboard and display allow direct selection of values for all of the parameters shown above. Entered values can be further modified using a knob also located on the front panel. A percent deviation key provides a simple method of determining the percentage of error for the meter or transducer under test. An internal memory allows storage of up to 99 instrument configurations for repetitive calibration tasks. Many of the operations performed via the front panel can be duplicated using the included hand-held control unit. Devices which operate within the following ranges can be calibrated with the 1040C:

-A.C. Voltage: 1.5 Vrms to 750 Vrms.

-A.C. Current: 0.1 Arms to 7.5 Arms.

-D.C. Voltage: 0.01 Vdc to 1000 Vdc.

-D.C. Current: 0.1 mAdc to 10.5 Adc.

-Frequency: 50 Hz to 75 Hz, 333 Hz to 500 Hz.

-A.C. Power: 1.5 VA to 5625 VA.

-Power Factor: 0.0 to 1.0, lead or lag.

-Phase: +180 to -180 degrees.

-VARs: 1.5 VA to 5625 VA.

-Synchroscope: Selection between 0 and 180 degrees.

3-2

Using the 1040C for Calibrating Single Phase Devices

A.C. Voltage

Representative schematics are given in figure 1 for typical circuit installations of single phase ac voltage meters and transducers. Connection of these instruments to the 1040C for calibration is a very simple process, illustrated in figure 2. The 1040C current output leads are not used, and can be left disconnected. The voltage output leads should be connected to the voltage input of the meter or transducer (figures 2a, 2c). If the meter or transducer uses an external potential transformer, it must be inserted between the 1040C voltage output leads and the input voltage leads of the unit under test (see Figure 2b, 2d). The user should then select the proper operating frequency, either 60 Hz or 400 Hz, and press the "Voltage" key to put the instrument into the voltage output mode. The desired voltage should then be entered, using the keypad, followed by the appropriate units. After this is completed, pressing the "Operate" key will enable the voltage output, which will increase to the value entered. An equal sign on the front panel display indicates that the output voltage has stabilized at the desired value. The calibration procedure for the meter or transducer under test can then be performed. For more complete instructions on operation of the 1040C in the ac voltage mode, refer to section 2.5.3 of the operation manual.

A.C. Current

Calibration of a single phase transducer or meter for ac current follows virtually the same

process as for ac voltage meters and transducers, except that only the current output of the 1040C is used, rather than only the voltage output. Representative schematics are given in figure 3 for typical circuit installations of single phase ac current meters and transducers. Connection of these instruments to the 1040C for calibration is illustrated in figure 4. The 1040C voltage output leads are not used, and can be left disconnected. The current output leads should be connected to the current input of the meter or transducer (figures 4a, 4c). If the meter or transducer uses an external current transformer, one output lead of the 1040C should be routed through the center of the current transformer and connected to the other lead (see Figure 4b, 4d). The user should then select the proper operating frequency, either 60 Hz or 400 Hz, and press the "Current" key to put the instrument into the current output mode. The desired current should then be entered, using the keypad, followed by the appropriate units. After this is completed, pressing the "Operate" key will enable the current output, which will increase to the value entered. An equal sign on the front panel display indicates that the output current has stabilized at the desired value. The calibration procedure for the meter or transducer under test can then be performed. For more complete instructions on operation of the 1040C in the ac current mode, refer to section 2.5.5 of the operation manual.

3-3

A.C. Power

Typical circuit connections for single-phase ac watt meters and transducers are given in figure 5. Calibration of these types of devices requires use of both the voltage and current outputs of the 1040C. Representative calibration connection diagrams for these types of devices are given in figure 6. The 1040C voltage output leads are connected to the voltage terminals of the meter or transducer, and the 1040C current output leads are connected to the current input terminals of the meter or transducer (figures 6a and 6c). If the meter or transducer uses an external current transformer, one of the current output leads of the 1040C should be passed through the center of the current transformer, and then shorted to the other lead. If the meter or transducer uses an external potential transformer, then likewise it must be inserted between the 1040C voltage output leads and the input voltage leads of the unit under test. Refer to figures 6b and 6d for these connections. The user should then select the proper operating frequency, either 60 Hz or 400 Hz. The "Power" key should be pressed, which will place the 1040C into the power mode, enabling both the voltage and current outputs for simultaneous operation. The "Voltage" key should then be pressed, and the desired voltage entered using the keypad, followed by "V". After this, the "Current" key should be pressed and the desired current entered using the keypad, followed by "A". After this is completed, pressing the "Operate" key will enable the outputs, which will increase to the respective values entered. An equal sign on the front

panel display indicates that the current and voltage outputs, and the phase angle between them, have stabilized at the proper values. The calibration procedure for the meter or transducer under test can then be performed. The power value can be varied using the control knob or the up/down arrows, but it is important to note that it is only the current that changes; the voltage remains constant. For more complete instructions on operation of the 1040C in the ac power mode, refer to section 2.5.6 of the operation manual.

A.C. Frequency

Calibration of ac frequency is another procedure that requires the use of only the 1040C voltage output. The connections are the same as for the volt meter or transducer (Figure 2). After connection, the frequency range (i.e. 60Hz, 400Hz) is selected, then "Voltage" is pressed. The operator then enters the voltage value which is appropriate for the device under test, followed by the voltage unit key. Fine adjustment of the frequency can be accomplished by first pressing the "Frequency" key, then using the adjust knob or up/down keys to select the value. A value for frequency can also be entered via the keyboard, by first pressing "Frequency", entering the value, then pressing the "Hz" key. When the "Operate" key is pressed, the voltage output will be enabled and the calibration procedure for the device under test may be performed. For more complete instructions on frequency operation of the 1040C, refer to section 2.5.8 of the operation manual.

3-4

Phase Angle

Calibration of phase angle meters or transducers for single phase operation requires use of both the voltage and current outputs of the 1040C. The representative circuit connection diagrams for these types of devices are the same as for the ac power meters and transducers, given in figure 5. Typical connections for calibration are also the same as for ac power meters and transducers, and are given in figure 6. For calibration, the 1040C voltage output leads are connected to the voltage terminals of the meter or transducer, and the 1040C current output leads are connected to the current input terminals of the meter or transducer (figure 6a and 6c). If the meter or transducer uses an external current transformer, one of the current output leads of the 1040C should be passed through the center of the current transformer, and then shorted to the other lead. If the meter or transducer uses an external potential transformer, then likewise it must be inserted between the 1040C voltage output leads and the input voltage leads of the unit under test. Refer to figures 6b and 6d for these two types of connections. The 1040C should first be configured to operate in the ac power mode, as described in paragraph 2.5.6, and the appropriate voltage and current values should be selected. After the outputs have been enabled and the phase angle meter or transducer under test has been observed to be indicating zero, press the "Phase" button. This will allow shifting of the relative phase between the voltage and the current outputs. The desired phase angle can now be entered directly, via the keypad, and followed by the appropriate units (degrees). A negative value for phase angle corresponds to the output current lagging the output voltage. After entering the value for phase angle, the operator may adjust the value by using the control knob, or by using the "Up" or "Down"

keys. For more complete instructions on operation of the 1040C for phase angle calibrations, refer to section 2.5.1 of the operation manual.

Power Factor

The Power Factor in a circuit is equal to the cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and the current. With this in mind, any power factor can be simulated by adjusting the phase relationship between the voltage and current, which can be accomplished quite easily with the 1040C. Two methods can be used:

• The required phase angle can be entered directly via the keypad, as described in the section on phase angle calibration;

• The power factor can be entered directly, by first pressing the "Power Factor" key, then using the adjust knob to vary the displayed power factor. This method allows entry of lead or lag power factor values without having to first calculate the corresponding phase angle.

For an illustration of the relationship between phase angle and power factor in the 1040C, refer to figure 12.

In order to accomplish power factor indication, some transducer manufacturers recommend using one of their phase angle transducers and performing a mathematical conversion on the output signal. This can be done manually, using conversion tables supplied by the manufacturer, or automatically, using a meter having cosine scaling. Typical transducer application circuit connections and calibration setup connections are usually the same as those for a phase angle, watt, or var transducer, as shown in

3-5

figures 5 and 6. Calibration can be performed using the connections in figure 6 and one of the methods outlined above, and in accordance with the transducer manufacturers recommendations.

Power factor output is also commonly available as an additional feature on single and multi-phase watt transducers. In this case, the transducer is connected in the same manner as a conventional watt transducer (refer to figures 5 and 6).

Typical applications of power factor meters for single-phase systems involve circuit connections which are similar, if not identical to those employed by single phase watt and var meters. In light of this, representative circuit and calibration connection diagrams for these meters are shown in figures 5 and 6. When connected per the calibration setup diagram, calibration of single-phase power factor meters can be performed using one of the methods given above, and in accordance with the meter manufacturer's recommendations. For more detailed instructions on operating the 1040C for calibration of power factor, refer to section 2.5.1 of the operation manual.

Volt-Amps and Volt-Amps Reactive

Volt-Amps is the product of the rms voltage and the rms current in a circuit, without regard to the phase angle between them. Another term commonly used to describe this parameter is apparent power. If a separate rms ammeter and rms voltmeter were used to measure the current and voltage, respectively, and the two values were multiplied together, the result would be the apparent power. This is not an indication of the amount of work that can be done, however; if the phase angle is 90 degrees (power factor is zero), the true power available is zero.

Volt-amps reactive (SI unit=var) is the same as volt-amps, but with the phase angle between voltage and current factored in. Vars are a measure of the amount of power required by the reactive portion of a load, and actually represents circulating current in the circuit. Vars are calculated as the product of the RMS voltage, the RMS current, and the sine of the phase angle between the two. For an illustration of the relationship between phase angle and vars when using the 1040C, refer to figure 12.

The 1040C has a provision for displaying and modifying both volt-amps and vars; successively pressing the "Power" key during operation will first display watts, then vars, then volt-amps. The user can continue indefinitely to scroll through these three choices.

Some points of interest regarding va and var measurements:

It is important to note that unless there is a phase angle of greater than zero between voltage and current, the var value will be zero. Also, since va and var indications are sub-functions of the power mode, adjustment of these values using direct entry, the control knob, or the up/down keys affects the value by changing only the current, not the voltage or the phase angle. The current can only be modified to a point within the current range of the 1040C. If the necessary current exceeds this range, the display will indicate "Entry Error". Additionally, if the phase angle is set to zero and the user attempts to enter any var value other than zero, "Entry Error" will be indicated. This is because under these conditions, no value of voltage or current will produce anything other than zero vars.

Typical applications of va and var meters or transducers for single-phase systems

3-6

involve circuit connections which are similar, if not identical to those employed by single phase watt and power factor meters and transducers. Therefore, representative circuit connections and calibration connections for these devices are shown in figures 5 and 6, respectively. When connected per the

calibration setup diagram, calibration of these instruments can be performed in accordance with the meter manufacturer's recommendations. For more detailed instructions on operating the 1040C in the volt-amps and volt-amps reactive modes, refer to section 2.5.6 of the operation manual.

3-7

Using the 1040C for Calibrating Polyphase Devices

A.C. Voltage

Commercially available multi-phase voltage transducers frequently consist of more than one single-phase model from the manufacturers product line, repackaged into a common enclosure. In many cases, the outputs remain separate and independent. The procedure for calibration of these types of transducers is virtually identical to that of the single-phase voltage transducer. The three elements can be connected in parallel across the voltage output of the 1040C, as shown in figure 7a, provided that the combined current demand of the elements does not exceed the burden capability of the 1040C (refer to table 1.2 in the operation manual). Multiple voltmeters may also be connected to the 1040C in the same manner, as shown in figure 7b, with the same total current burden restriction.

A.C. Current

Like their ac voltage counterparts, commercially available multi-phase current transducers frequently consist of more than one single-phase model from the manufacturers product line, repackaged into a common enclosure. In many cases, the outputs remain separate and independent. The procedure for calibration of these types of transducers is nearly identical to that of the single-phase current transducer. The three elements can be connected (in series) across the current output leads of the 1040C, as shown in figure 8a, provided that the combined voltage drop across the elements does not exceed the burden capability of the 1040C (refer to table 1.1 in the operation manual). Multiple current meters may also be connected to the 1040C in the same manner,

as shown in figure 8b, with the same total voltage burden restriction.

A.C. Power

Power measurement in a three-phase, four-wire system requires three complete watt meters or watt transducers (each watt meter or transducer consists of one current element and one voltage element). Figure 9a shows a typical connection diagram for measurements of this type. A current sensing element is placed in series with each of the three phases, and a voltage sensing element is connected between each of the phases and the neutral wire. It is unnecessary to measure the neutral current directly, since any current flowing in the neutral conductor will be simultaneously flowing in one or more of the phases and will thus be measured.

Power measurement in a three-phase, three-wire system requires two complete watt meters or watt transducers. Figure 9b shows a connection diagram for this type of measurement. Again, the number of current elements required is equal to one less than the number of current-carrying conductors, since any current in the non-instrumented conductor must simultaneously be flowing in one or both of the others. The voltage elements are connected to the two phases having the current elements, with the common point for the voltage elements being the third phase.

Calibration of multi-element watt transducers or meters can be accomplished using the setup shown in figure 10. Basically, all of the current elements would be connected in series and placed across the current output of the 1040C, and all of the

3-8

voltage elements would be connected in parallel and placed across the voltage output of the 1040C. Again, current and potential transformers are shown for reference. Phasing of the elements is of great importance for accuracy of the calibration. All current elements should be wired the same way, and all voltage elements should be in phase. The only exception to this rule would be for 2 1/2 element transducers, which are sometimes used in order to save the cost of one potential transformer. The missing potential input is accounted for mathematically, so during calibration one of the current transformers must be reversed, and special calculations apply. When calibrating 2 1/2 element transducers, the product documentation for the device should be consulted for proper procedures.

Phase Angle

Wiring connections for phase angle transducers used in three-phase systems at first glance may appear somewhat unorthodox. Typically, a single voltage element and a single current element are used. The current element is placed in series with one of the phases, or, if used, a current transformer is placed around the conductor for that phase. The voltage element is wired between the remaining two phases, sometimes employing a potential transformer. Refer to figure 11a for a typical application circuit. If the phase angle between the voltage and the current in the circuit is zero, the net voltage between the two measured phases (or the output voltage of the potential transformer) will be offset from the current measured in the third phase by 90 degrees. The two input signals are compared internally, and a dc voltage corresponding to the phase angle is output from the transducer.

Connections for use of a 1040C to calibrate this type of phase angle transducer

are shown in figure 11b. The 1040C voltage output leads are connected to the voltage terminals of the transducer, and the 1040C current output leads are connected to the current input terminals of the meter or transducer. If the transducer uses an external current transformer, one of the current output leads of the 1040C should be passed through the center of the current transformer, and then shorted to the other lead. If the meter or transducer uses an external potential transformer, then likewise it must be inserted between the 1040C voltage output leads and the input voltage leads of the unit under test. The 1040C should first be configured to operate in the ac power mode, and the appropriate voltage and current values should be selected. Next, a calibration phase angle value must be entered, keeping in mind that for indication of zero phase from the transducer output, the input voltage must be offset from the input current by 90 degrees (whether this is a lead or lag condition depends on the individual transducer manufacturer. The calibration procedure for the phase angle transducer can now be performed. For more complete instructions on operation of the 1040C for phase angle calibrations, refer to section 2.5.1 of the operation manual.

Power Factor

In order to accomplish power factor indication, some transducer manufacturers recommend using one of their phase angle transducers and performing a mathematical conversion on the output signal. This can be done manually, using conversion tables supplied by the manufacturer, or automatically using a meter having cosine scaling. If a phase angle transducer is employed for this purpose, the connections will be the same as those illustrated in figure 11.

3-9

Power factor output is also commonly available as an additional feature on single and multi-phase watt transducers. In this case, the transducer is connected in the same manner as a conventional multi-phase watt transducer (refer to figure 9).

Regardless of the type of transducer or meter employed, the 1040C has a provision for direct calibration of power factor. As stated earlier in this document, the power factor in a circuit is equal to the cosine of the phase angle between the voltage and the current. With this in mind, any power factor can be simulated by adjusting the phase relationship between the voltage and current, which can be accomplished quite easily with the 1040C. Two methods can be used:

• The required phase angle can be entered directly via the keypad, as described in the section on phase angle calibration;

• The power factor can be entered directly, by first pressing the "Power Factor" key, then using the adjust

knob to vary the displayed power factor. This method allows entry of lead or lag power factor values without having to first calculate the corresponding phase angle.

Calibration of the transducer should be performed according to the instrument manufacturer's recom-mendations.

Typical applications of power factor meters for multi-phase systems involve circuit connections which are similar, if not identical to those employed by multi-phase phase angle transducers. Generally, the current is measured in one phase, and a comparison is made between it and the net voltage between the remaining two phases. Substituting a meter for the transducers shown in figure 11 will give a good indication of the type of connections necessary for typical applications and calibration.

For more detailed instructions on operating the 1040C for calibration of power factor, refer to section 2.5.1 of the operation manual.

3-10

Volt-Amps and Volt-Amps Reactive

Refer to the single-phase volt-amps and volt-amps reactive section of this document for definitions of these parameters.

The 1040C has a provision for displaying and modifying both volt-amps and vars; successively pressing the "Power" key during operation will first display watts, then vars, then volt-amps. The user can continue indefinitely to scroll through these three choices.

Some points of interest regarding va and var measurements:

It is important to note that unless there is a phase angle of greater than zero between voltage and current, the var value will be zero. Also, since va and var indications are sub-functions of the power mode, adjustment of these values using direct entry, the control knob, or the up/down keys affects the value by changing only the current, not the voltage or the phase angle. The current can only be modified to a point within the current range of

the 1040C. If the necessary current exceeds this range, the display will indicate "Entry Error". Additionally, if the phase angle is set to zero and the user attempts to enter any var value other than zero, "Entry Error" will be indicated. This is because under these conditions, no value of voltage or current will produce anything other than zero vars.

Typical applications of va and var meters or transducers for multi-phase systems involve circuit connections which are similar, if not identical to those employed by multi-phase watt and power factor meters and transducers. Therefore, representative circuit connections and calibration connections for these devices are shown in figures 9 and 10, respectively. When connected per the calibration setup diagram, calibration of these instruments can be performed in accordance with the meter manufacturer's recommendations. For more detailed instructions on operating the 1040C in the volt-amps and volt-amps reactive modes, refer to section 2.5.6 of the operation manual.

3-11

Calibrating Transducers Using the Null Comparison Method

The null comparison method is frequently recommended by transducer manufacturers, since it eliminates many of the variables that can be encountered in the course of a conventional calibration. The basic procedure for performing a null comparison calibration is as follows: The inputs of a precision standard are connected in parallel with the inputs of the transducer under test, and the appropriate source voltages and/or currents are applied. A differential meter is connected between the outputs of the precision standard and the transducer under test, and the zero and span settings of the transducer under test are adjusted until the differential meter dislays zero. The advantage of this method is that since the input signals are exactly the same, the accuracy of the source (and the equipment used to measure it) are

inconsequential. The calibration accuracy is dependent only on the individual accuracies of the precision standard and of the differential meter.

Precision standards are usually available from the manufacturers of the transducers, and typically have accuracies of 0.1%. The disadvantage of using precision standards is that for each type of transducer to be calibrated, a different precision standard is required. Use of the 1040C eliminates the need for these various precision standards, since all of the necessary functions can be generated from one unit. Also, since the 1040C is a precision source and no external meters are necessary, the simplicity of the calibration procedure is about the same as that of the null comparison method.

3-12

a) Voltmeter, Typical Installation,no Potential Transformer

V

L1

N

L1

N

LINE

V

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

L1

N

LINE

L1

N

LOAD

c) Voltage Transducer, TypicalInstallation, no Potential Transformer

LOAD

Figure 1Single-Phase Voltage Meters and Transducers,

Typical Circuit Connections

V

LINE

L1

N

L1

N

b) Voltmeter, Typical Installation,with Potential Transformer

LOAD

V

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

L1

N

LINE

L1

N

d) Voltage Transducer, TypicalInstallation, with Potential Transformer

LOAD

3-13

a) Voltmeter Calibration Connections,no Potential Transformer

V

V

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

c) Voltage Transducer Calibration Connections,no Potential Transformer

Figure 2Single-Phase Voltage Meters and Transducers,


1040C

Vout

1040C

Vout

R B

V

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

d) Voltage Transducer Calibration Connections,with Potential Transformer

1040C

Vout

R B

V

b) Voltmeter Calibration Connections,with Potential Transformer

1040C

Vout

R B

R B

3-14

a) Current Meter, Typical Installation,no Current Transformer

b) Current Meter, Typical Installation,with Current Transformer

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

L1

N

LOAD

L1

N

LINE

c) Current Transducer, Typical Installation,no Current Transformer

d) Current Transducer, Typical Installation,with Current Transformer

L1

N

L1

N

LINE

LOAD

Figure 3Single-Phase Current Meters and Transducers,


LINE N

L1 L1

N

LOAD

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

LINE N

L1 L1

N

LOAD

3-15

a) Current Meter Calibration Connections,no Current Transformer

b) Current Meter Calibration Connections,with Current Transformer

c) Current Transducer Calibration Connections,no Current Transformer

d) Current Transducer Calibration Connections,with Current Transformer

Figure 4Single-Phase Current Meters and Transducers,

Calibration Connections

R B

1040C

out

1040C

out

R B

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

1040C

out

R B

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

1040C

out

R B

3-16

a) W/Var/PF Meter, Typical Installation,no Current or Potential Transformers

b) W/Var/PF Meter, Typical Installation,with Current and Potential Transformers

W/Var/PF

W/Var/PF/PA

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

c) W/Var/PF Transducer, Typical Installation,no Current or Potential Transformers

d) W/Var/PF/PA Transducer, Typical Installation,with Current and Potential Transformers

Figure 5Single-Phase Watt, Var, or Power Factor Meters and

Watt, Var, Power Factor, or Phase Transducers,Typical Circuit Connections

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

L1

N

LINE

LOAD

L1

N

W/Var/PF

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

L1L1

N N

LOAD

LINE

L1

N

LINE

LOAD

L1

N

W/Var/PF/PA

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

L1L1

N N

LOAD

LINE

3-17

W/Var/PF

a) W/Var/PF Meter Calibration Connections,no Current or Potential Transformers

b) W/Var/PF Meter Calibration Connections,with Current and Potential Transformers

W/Var/PF

W/Var/PF/PA

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

W/Var/PF/PA

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

c) W/Var/PF/PA Transducer Calibration Connections,no Current or Potential Transformers

d) W/Var/PF/PA Transducer Calibration Connections,with Current and Potential Transformers

Figure 6Single-Phase Watt, Var, or Power Factor Meters and

Watt, Var, Power Factor, or Phase Transducers, Calibration Connections

R B RB

1040C

out Vout

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

R B B R

1040C

out Vout

1040C

out Vout

RBR B

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

B R

1040C

out Vout

R B

CurrentConnections

VoltageConnections

3-18

Figure 7Calibration of Multiple Voltage Transducers or Meters

V

1

1 1 1ZA ZB ZC

Total Burden Current =

Where:V= Output Voltage of 1040C

Zx= Impedance of Transducer orMeter x, at Frequencyof Operation

c) Burden Calculation

b) Meters

1040C

out Vout

VA VB VC

R B

1040C

out Vout

A B C

Vin Vin Vin

+-+-+-

} Outputs,To DVM(s)

R B

a) Transducers

Inst.

Pwr.

+ +. . .

3-19

Figure 8Calibration of Multiple Current Transducers or Meters

Total Burden Voltage =

Where:= Output Current of 1040C

Zx= Impedance of Transducer xat Frequency of Operation

c) Burden Calculations

1040C

out

VA VB VC

b) Meters

a) Transducers

1040C

out

A B C

in in in

} Outputs,To DVM(s)

R B

Inst.

Pwr.

ZA + ZB + ZC . . .

+-+-+-

R B

3-20

Figure 9Multi-Phase Power Measurement Techniques

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

A B C

a) Circuit Connections for Power Measurement in a 3 Phase,4 Wire System, using a 3-Element Transducer

L1

L2

LINE

L1

L2

LOAD

L3

N

in Vin in inVin Vin

L3

N

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output

L1

L2

LINE

L3

in Vin in Vin

L1

L2

LOAD

L3

A B

b) Circuit Connections for Power Measurement in a 3 Phase,3 Wire System, Using a 2-Element Transducer

3-21

Figure 10Calibration Connections for 3-Element Watt Transducer.

Current and Potential Transformers are included for reference.

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output(to D.V.M.)

A B C

in Vin in inVin Vin

1040C

Vout out

R B

R B

3-22

Figure 11Phase Angle Transducer

a) Typical Circuit Connections

L1

L2

LINE

L1

L2

LOAD

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output(to D.V.M.)

in Vin

L3

N

L3

N

Note: Wiring Also Appliesfor 3 Phase 3 Wire System

Inst.Pwr.

+-

Output(to D.V.M.)

in Vin

1040C

Voutout

b) Typical Calibration Connections

R B

R B

3-23

Current Leads Voltage

Phase = +90˚PF = 0 LeadVars = -1.0 • VAW = 0

Voltage Leads Current

Phase = -90˚PF = 0 LagVars = +1.0 • VAW = 0

Phase = +135˚PF = -.707 LeadVars = -.707 • VAW = -.707 • VA

Phase = +45˚PF = +.707 LeadVars = -.707 • VAW = +.707 VA

Phase = 180˚PF = -1.0Vars = 0W = -VA

Phase = 0˚PF = 1.0Vars = 0W = VA

Phase = -135˚PF = -.707 LagVars = +.707 • VAW = -.707 • VA

Phase = -45˚PF = +.707 LagVars = +.707 • VAW = +.707 • VA

Conventions Used in the 1040C:

Power Factor = Cos θVars = Vrms • Irms • Sin (-θ)Watts = Vrms • Irms • Cos θVA = Vrms • rms

Where: θ (Theta) = Phase Angle betweenvoltage and current. A negativenumber indicates that currentis lagging voltage.Example:

Figure 12Phase, Power Factor, and VAR Conventions

Employed by the 1040C Panel Meter Calibrator

Phase Angle = -90˚

V

3-24

Appendix A Meter Examples

The following pages contain connection diagrams for use in calibrating various types of Yokogawa panel meters. These illustrations are for reference only; the manufacturer's data sheets should be consulted to insure proper connections.

3-25

+

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Black

Red

AC AMMETER

YOKOGAWA 103131

+

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Black

Red

AC VOLTMETERYOKOGAWA 103021

3-26

1

45 6

7 8

3

2

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Red

BlackB

lack

Red

3 WIRE, 3 PHASE WATTMETERYOKOGAWA 10322

103712

1

4 5 6

9 11

7 8

2

3

4 WIRE, 3 PHASE WATTMETER

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Red

Black

Red

Black

YOKOGAWA 10325103732

3-27

1

43

2

SINGLE PHASE WATTMETER AND VARMETER

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Red

Black

Black

Red

YOKOGAWA 1032110370210331103762

(WATT)(WATT)(VAR)(VAR)

1

4

5 6

7 8

3

2

3 WIRE, 3 PHASE VARMETER

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Black

Red

Red

Black

YOKOGAWA 1038121032810332103772

3-28

1

4

5

6

9 11

7 8

2

3

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Red

Red

Black

Black

4 WIRE, 3 PHASE, 2 1/2 ELEMENT VARMETER

YOKOGAWA 10329103742

+

FREQUENCY METER

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

YOKOGAWA 103372

Black

Red

3-29

1

43

2

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Red

Black

Black

Red

SINGLE PHASE POWER FACTOR METERYOKOGAWA 103412

1

45 6

7 8

3

2

3 PHASE POWER FACTOR METERFOR BALANCED SYSTEM

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Red

Red

Black

Black

YOKOGAWA 103462

3-30

1

4

5

6

9 11

7 8

2

3

4 WIRE, 3 PHASE POWER FACTOR METER

AUX. V.

VOLTAGE

CURRENT


REMOTE

Black

RedB

lack

Red

YOKOGAWA 103472

model 1040c - arbiter · contrary to the instructions in the operation and maintenance manuals, if...

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