mobilization of energy increased cardiovascular tone suppression of digestion suppression of growth...
TRANSCRIPT
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•Mobilization of energy
•Increased cardiovascular tone
•Suppression of digestion • •Suppression of growth
•Suppression of reproduction
•Enhancement of immune system
•Sharpening of cognition
The Stress-Response
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•Mobilization of energy………………………Fatigue, diabetes, muscle loss
•Increased cardiovascular tone…………….Hypertension, heart disease
•Suppression of digestion…………………..Stress ulcers• •Suppression of growth……………………..Stress dwarfism
•Suppression of reproduction………………Anovulation, erectile dysfunction
•Enhancement of immune system…………Immune suppression, accelerated
chromosomal aging of immune
cells
•Sharpening of cognition……………………Impaired memory and judgment
The consequences of chronic stress
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•Mobilization of energy………………………Fatigue, diabetes, muscle loss
•Increased cardiovascular tone…………….Hypertension, heart disease
•Suppression of digestion…………………..Stress ulcers• •Suppression of growth……………………..Stress dwarfism
•Suppression of reproduction………………Anovulation, erectile dysfunction
•Enhancement of immune system…………Immune suppression
•Sharpening of cognition……………………Impaired memory and judgment
The consequences of chronic stress
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Impaired synaptic plasticity
Atrophy of dendritic networks of communication
Fewer new neurons
Dead neurons!
Decreased overall hippocampal volume
Stress effects on the hippocampus: the realm of memory
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Impaired formation and retrieval of long-term memories
Result:
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Effects of stress and GCs on fear and anxiety
Increased: -post-shock freezing-consolidation of fear conditioning-cued & contextual fear memory-resistance to fear extinction-anxiety
Conrad, Fanselow, Korte, LeDoux, McGaugh, Quirk, Roozendaal, Sandi
Effects of stress and GCs on the amygdala
Increased: -synaptic excitability-dendritic aborization
LeDoux, Vyas, Mitra, Chatterjee
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More anxiety, faster fear-conditioning, slower habituation
Result:
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Weakened conscious memories;Exaggerated autonomic memories.
Combining hippocampal and
amygdaloid effects of chronic stress:
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The effects of chronic stress in the mesolimbic dopamine system
Depletion of dopaminePiazza, Maccari, Le Moal
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Loss of the capacity for pleasure:DEPRESSION
Result:
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The effects of stress in the frontal cortex
Decreased connectivity in neural networks by way of fewer dendritic branches and
spines
Recovery that produces a “different” frontal cortex, cytoarchitecturally
Wellman, Radley, Morrison
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Dumb-Ass decisions that seem really insightful at the
time you make them
Result:
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When does predictive information help?
Latency until stressor
HelpfulImmediate Long infuture
No time toplan coping
strategy
The anticipatoryanxiety outweighs
the advantages
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ExtremelyLikely
Helpful
You alreadyassume it
will happen
You’re notworrying about it
ExtremelyUnlikely
When does predictive information help?
Likelihood of stressor
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When does a sense of control help?Severity of stressor
HelpfulMild
stressorDisastrous
stressor
Look how much worseIt could have been
Look how much betterIt could have been
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DO
PA
MIN
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Signal Work Reward
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DO
PA
MIN
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Signal Work Reward
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DO
PA
MIN
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100% ________
50% ---------
Signal Work Reward
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Day 1
Day 2
Day 3
1 pellet
2 pellets
2 pellets 1 pellet
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Ishi, last of the Southern Yahi Tribe in California, forced to live in Anthropology Museum at Berkeley
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