mobile terminals as a driver for ipv6 deployment

1 © NOKIA FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN

Mobile Terminals as a Mobile Terminals as a

Driver for IPv6 DeploymentDriver for IPv6 DeploymentJohn Loughney

[email protected]


Initial Assumptions

• IPv6 enabled networks are needed, but are not sufficient. Applications& uses will drive the deployment of IPv6.

• Human communication has been end-to-end.

• Mobile terminals have become an extension for person-to-person communication.

• Not enough IPv4 addresses for all devices.

• NAT breaks end-to-end communication.


• Converged networks (Wireless, home networks, multimedia).

• Address space (IPv4 is running out of space, IPv6 offers 2128 addresses instead of 232).

• Mobility is an embedded part in IPv6, which enables the scalability to global mobility.

• IPv6 has new features optimized better to mobile world (Address autoconfiguration, route optimization, in built mobility, always on).

Future Requirements Drive IPv6


• 128-bit address space. IP addresses can be permanently assigned to end devices whatever they are

• NAT (network address translation) not needed anymore, end to end functionality can be guaranteed

• Faster routing due to smaller routing tables

• New push services, always on services (reachability and connectivity)

• Embedded mobility and roaming support (Mobile IPv6)

• Operational benefits (e.g easier management with autoconfiguration, plug and play)

• Security integrated to IPv6 (IPSec)

Benefits of IPv6


IPv6 vs. IPv4

Feature IPv4 IPv6

Address space

Mobility

Security

Autoconfiguration

Large enough, 2128In theory 4 billion, in practice much less

Embedded, scales to global mobility

Can serve a restricted number of terminals

Included in IPv6 to bedeployed global VPNs

Integral part of IPv6standard

Several alternativesand scaling problems

No comprehensivestandard solution (DHCP exists)


Mobile Devices Need IPv6!

• A huge number of IP addresses are needed for future mobile terminals - IPv6 is the way to do it.

• IPv6 eliminates the use of private IPv4 address spaces and NATs. Future IP applications benefit from global IPv6 addresses.

• Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 will be a gradual evolution. From a mobile network point of view the principal transition mechanisms are dual stacks and tunneling.

• Nokia mobile terminals shall start supporting IPv6 (dual stack) in the near future. Symbian Operating System v7.0 including IPv6 (dual stack) support has been released.


New Applications and Services

• Messaging applications are important - text messages (or SMS) is a good starting point.

• Multimedia messaging (MMS) is about to begin. Mobile terminals with integrated digital cameras are being introduced.

• More applications with demanding bandwidth needs. The cellular data networks will have an important role supporting all these services.

• Mobile devices will have large color displays.

• Instant Messaging, Presence, Java applications, browsing, peer-to-peer applications …

• Streaming with one or several media components, like audio, video …

• 3GPP Release 5 IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) networks will be supporting a wide variety of multimedia services.


New Services

• Basic Voice• Conference calls

• SMS (short message service) -> MMS (multimedia messaging service)

• Forecast: 100 billion SMS messages / month by the end of 2002

• Store and forward messaging

• Rich Calls • Voice plus picture• Voice plus data• Video calls

• Content sharing (Napster, etc.)

• Location-based Services


New services and packet traffic will dominate

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Rich call

Video call

Portal Machine toMachine

Data Access

MultimediaMessages Text messages

Monthly average revenue per user (Euro)

Voice

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

Average Traffic per User

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

MB

a M

onth

PS

CS

New multimedia and rich call service experience can only be achieved by moving to All-IP

All-IP, one economical network enabled by system-wide optimised architecture to reduce cost per delivered MByte

ref. Nokia 2002


Multimedia Messaging - Person to Person

• Text• Graphics• Digital images• Audio clips

• Standardized presentation and timing

• Own content creation

• Content & storage services


Phone Types

Imaging Media

Premium

Fashion

Classic

Active

Expression

Basic

STYL

E DI

MEN

SIO

N

APPLICATIONAREAS

STYLEVoice Entertainment

Business Applications

FUNCTIONALITY DIMENSION


Nokia 9210 / 9290 Nokia 7650Communicator Imaging Phone

• New UI

• Display 176x208 pixels

• Integrated Digital Camera & picture storing, viewing andtransfer

• GSM900/1800, GPRS,HSCSD, Bluetooth

• Available in Q2 2002

Nokia D311• the first dual-mode GPRS / WLAN PC Card for the Americas

• Available 3Q / 02


9210 / 9290 supported protocols

• TCP/IP stack; UDP is also supported

• HTML web browser

• E-mail protocols POP3, IMAP4, SMTP (SSL,TLS)


Technology Evolution from CS to PS

Time

Wireless Voice

Messaging

MobileInternet

Browsing

Personalised Services

LocationStreaming

mCommerce

MobileMultimedia

Rich call

Services

Handsets

NetworkGSM GPRS EDGE/WCDMAGSM GPRSGPRS EDGE/WCDMA

13kbps 2Mbps Bandwidth13kbps 2Mbps

Wlan 11Mbps


IPv6 Role in 3G Networks

• The number Internet connected Mobile Terminals is expected to grow rapidly and exceed the number of fixed Internet connected devices in 2003.

• Many GSM/3G operators have an access to only a limited resource of IPv4 addresses

• 3GPP has built in IPv6 as part of the 3G standard (e.g. IP Multimedia Subsystem, IPv6 user plane option in GPRS)

• The major benefit is the possibility to offer IP based services to unlimited number of IPv6 based devices, mobile or fixed.

IPv6 is essential for 3G deployment


Nokia IPv6 roadmap

•IPv6 in user layer in 3G (R99)•Interworking in GGSN: Dual stack & 6to4 tunneling

•IPv6 mandatory in IM subsystem (3GPP rel. 5)•Dual stack IPv4 / IPv6 terminals available•IPv6 in both user IP layer and network IP layer•MIPv6 based GPRS WLAN Roaming

•IPv6 in All-IP (3GPP rel 6)•IPv6 in IPRAN2004

2002

2003

•IPv6 subnet mobility (mobile terminal works as mobile router)2005


Dual stack terminals

Mobility Layer

Access Layer

NokiaSGSN

NokiaGGSN

PSTNNokiaPSTNGW

NokiaHSS

NokiaCPS

Network andService Mgmt

WCDMA

GSM/EDGE

TDMA/EDGE

ER

CR

Nokia in 3G Networks

User LayerIPv6

Services

CR

ER

ERER

CR

WDM,SDH,

Dark Fiber

IP/MPLS backbone

Internet

IPv6

Application Servers

NokiaSGSN

NokiaGGSN


Options for introducing IPv6 into IPv4 networks

• Dual stack approach, hosts and routers support both IPv4 and IPv6.

• Tunneling approach, manually or automatically configured.

• Translation techniques, to let IPv6 and IPv4 clients to talk to each other

Internet, IPv4

Dual stack router,NAT-PT

IPv4 traffic IPv6 traffic

Application

TCP/UDP

IPv4 IPv6Data Link

IPv6 IPv6

IPv6 traffic


IPv6 deployment• Deployment of IPv6 will not happen at once• Transition will be very challenging

MN Dual stack terminal

GRPScore

Operatornetwork

IPv6network

IPv6network

IPv4network

GGSN

EDGErouter

SGSN

6to4

Native IPv6

OperatorIPv4 services

OperatorIPv6 services

Operator network

IPv6


‘Cellular host IPv6' draft in IETF

• Starting point: a clearly defined IPv6 feature set was needed for a cellular terminal.

• IPv6 covers many aspects, numerous IETF specifications and is also partly still evolving.

• A rapid adoption of IPv6 is desired for cellular terminals.• Cellular terminal software often cannot be upgraded,

yet it must meet tough demands for interoperability.

• The draft defines three functionality groups:• Basic IP includes essential basic parts of IPv6.• IP Security contains IP Security details.• Mobility contains IP Mobility details.

• NOKIA is actively participating this work


Dual stack Mobile Terminals

GPRScore

Externalservices(IPv6)

GGSNAP1IPv6

AP2IPv6

Gibackbone

(IPv4)

The Internet(IPv4)

Edgerouter

Operatorservices /Intranet(IPv6)

Gibackbone

(IPv6)

IPv6/v4gateway

Dualstackrouter

AP3

IPv4

Gn

SGSN

SGSN

IPv4 PDPcontext

IPv6 PDPcontext

"in IPv4 mode"

"in IPv6 mode"

NativeIPv4host

6to4tunnel

Mobile terminal connection to the IP network

(from 3GPP Rel99 point of view)

• Pure IPv6 PDP connection needs IPv6 support in user layer.

• NATs should be avoided

• Different domains (IPv4, IPv6, ..) behind different Access Points.


On the Horizon

• Multi-technology devices• GSM/EDGE• WCDMA• Bluetooth• WLAN

• Multi-purpose devices • Phone• PDA phones• Laptops with PC card• Camera• Messaging• Games

• Personal Area Networks


GPRS BackboneIPv6 (or IPv4)

InternetIPv4

IM SubsystemIPv6

IntranetIPv4

IntranetIPv6

SIPCall Server

SGSN GGSN

GPRS TunnelingProtocol (GTP) tunnels

IPv4 or v6 tunnelled transparently as required

Mobile must use IPv6 to access IM-Subsystem UMTS Network Boundary

All-IP IMS in 3GPP rel 5

Timeframe: 2003-2005

Dualstack IPv4 and IPv6


Transition Methods

• The main transition mechanisms are• dual IPv4 / IPv6 stacks in network elements and mobile terminals• tunneling (automatic and configured)• IPv4 - IPv6 protocol translators in the network

• The principal transition mechanisms are dual stacks and tunneling; translators (such as NAT-PT) are needed if the communicating elements do not share the same version of IP.

• The most important elements needing dual stacks in the mobile network are GGSN elements, mobile terminals, edge routers and DNS servers.

• IPv6 support is also needed in application servers and proxies, such as WAP gateways, web proxies and E-mail servers.

• The majority of the transition mechanisms is provided by the network in order to keep the mobile terminal functionality as light as possible.


Mobile IPv6

• Mobile IP is already possible with IPv4, however, Mobile IPv6 offers several benefits:

• Mobility has been an integral part of IPv6 from the start • No Foreign Agent is needed, improves routing, also if

standards change, all Foreign Agents must be modified• Address space limitations of IPv4 will make any usage of

Mobile IPv4 in 3G networks extremely difficult• Route Optimization is built in (Mobile) IPv6, but an add

on in Mobile IPv4• IPv4 has problems that will force the deployment of IPv6

especially in mobile networks• MIPv4 – MIPv6 interworking and co-operation isn’t

properly standardized


Mobile IP and GPRS - Overview• GGSN is the link between 3G and Internet, takes care of mobility issues• Node B, RNC & SGSN may change during a PDP context, but GGSN always

stays the same. The whole GPRS network looks like a large LAN / Layer 2 network.

⇒There is no need for Mobile IP in a pure GPRS based packet access.

SGSNRNC

GGSNIP network

IP networks(Internet)

GTPGTP

GTP GTP


• Enables IP session mobility across the GPRS – OWLAN network boundaries, and also between OWLAN Access Points belonging to different IP subnets (typicalcase in large access zones)

• User: no need to restart applications

• Home Agent: new NW elementat operator or corporate

• Mobile IPv6 authentication withSIM

• No changes to GPRS

• Future: MIPv6 enhancementsfor faster handovers

• Trial Q3/2002, commercial2H/2003.

BTS GGSN

3G/2G Access Network

HomeAgent

Home NetworkIPv6

IPv6 network

WLAN

AC

APCellular/WLANTerminal

AS

Cellular/WLANTerminal

GPRS - OWLAN Mobile IPv6 Roaming

HLR


BTS GGSN

3G/2G Access Network

HomeAgent

Home NetworkIPv6

IPv6 network

WLAN

AC

APCellular/WLANTerminal

AS

Cellular/WLANTerminal

GPRS - OWLAN Mobile IPv6 Roaming

HLR

Following components needed for the trial:

- GSM network (connected to the Nokia 2G GPRS system).

- OWLAN system with MIPEM6 modifications in the AC and AS.

- The Home Agent (IPSO operating system on Nokia IP330).

- An IPv6 network for connecting the MIPEM6 network elements to each other.

- Connection to the SS7 network with the HLR/AuC.

- GPRS-WLAN terminal equipment provided by Nokia (laptop with Linux & GPRS-WLAN card).


Roaming Between GPRS & WLAN

2G/3G/GPRS WLAN

IPv6 network

Home Agent

Authentication server

Cellular/WLANTerminal with MIPv6

CorrespondentNode

Creates PDP context and send MIPv6 BU to HA,indicating its new CoA allocated by the GGSN

The terminal opens a web session with the CN, using its own CoA as the source IPv6 address and the Home Address in the Home Address option. The terminal also sends a BU to the CN.

During WWW session, terminal moves to WLAN and gets access and a new CoA from it.


Roaming Between GPRS & WLAN

2G/3G/GPRS WLAN

IPv6 network

Home Agent

Authentication server

Cellular /WLANTerminal with MIPv6

CorrespondentNode

Terminal sends a new BU to the CN indicating its new CoA.

Terminal sends a new BU to HA indicating its new CoA


VPN Example

Home Agent

VPN GW

2G/3G/GPRS WLAN

IPv6 network

File server

Multimode Terminal& Laptop

Create access (PDP context) and send a BU to HA

The user opens a VPN connectionto the VPN GW and also sends a BU to the VPN GW. Thus the VPN GW knows the user's current CoA.

Establish connection.


VPN Example

Home Agent

VPN GW

2G/3G/GPRS WLAN

IPv6 network

File server

Multimode Terminal& Laptop

TCP open, terminal moves to WLAN. Gets access and sends a BU to HA

Terminal sends BU to the VPN GW, indicating its new CoA

VPN GW sends the packets to the new CoA corresponding to the Home Address

So, how about using the SIM for the VPN key delivery also?


Summary

• Messaging & end-to-end services are the “killer application” (SMS, MMS, Instant Messaging, E-mail, Presence) requiring billions of IP addresses worldwide.

• There are several methods for transitioning to IPv6, tunneling and dual stack the main ones.

• The use of CIDR, DHCP and NAT has delayed the transition to IPv6.

• Vendors are announcing software based IPv6 in routers, with limited performance, the next step will be IPv6 in hardware.

• Mobile IPv6 for access independency.

• From circuit switched voice towards packet switched data.

• Messaging is important - SMS, MMS, Instant Messaging, Presence, E-mail

• IPv6 will have an important role in the near future mobile terminals.

• Mobile terminals become multi-application devices, but optimized for one use motivation.


Nokia IPv6 Message

•• Why IPv6 Why IPv6 -- Practically infinite address space and improved support for IP mobility provides a generic platform for implementing the mobile Internet paradigm. IPv6, perceived as the way to go towards nextgeneration Internet, is a major differentiating instrument for Nokia.

•• Transition to IPv6 Transition to IPv6 -- To help operators, Nokia promotes and supports a number of transition mechanisms for a smooth transition to IPv6 during the transition period.

•• IPv6 in Nokia Solutions IPv6 in Nokia Solutions -- Nokia as one of the very first drivers of IPv6 is determined to be the front runner also in IPv6 commercial offering: IPv6 enabled terminals, 2G GPRS, 3G, and All-IP system solutions during 2002-2004.

•• Enhanced Mobility Enhanced Mobility -- Mobile IPv6 is seen as an enabler for implementing an enhanced notion of IP and cellular mobility. A promising use case for Mobile IPv6 is to create service mobility whilst on the move within a multi-access environment. A Mobile IPv6 based roaming solution between WLAN and GPRS access technologies is seen as the first step in this direction.

•• Standardization Standardization -- Nokia is committed to drive IPv6 to standardization bodies (IETF, 3GPP) and is active in many related international Forums (IPv6 Forum).


Thank You!

http://www.nokia.com/IPv6


Ipv6 in Standardisation

• 3GPP rel 5 IMS the main target•based on IPv6 and SIP, IETF working on both, motivation is high, schedules tight • Rel 5 based terminals support IPv6 for connection to services provided by IMS• The IPv4/IPv6 interworking principles for IMS is still under study•PDP type IPv6 in rel 99 (GPRS)

•3GPP2 is also considering IPv6

•MIPv6 ready in 2002•missing: authentication, seamless hand over, fast-hand-over, mobility with QoS and header compression

• Significant research work ongoing around IPv6


Network Example

mobile terminals as a driver for ipv6 deployment

Technology

benefits of ipv6

ipv6 deploymentjohn

ipv6 dualstack

ipv6 offers2128

deployment of ipv6

ipv6 ipsec4 nokia

futuremobile terminals

initial assumptions