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Mobile Learning: Enhancing Collaboration through Mobile Devices in High School Biology Classrooms By Sylvia Suh

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Mobile Learning: Enhancing Collaboration through Mobile Devices

in High School Biology Classrooms

By Sylvia Suh

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Introduction Importance of Mobile Learning Definition Uses of Mobile Technology Mobile Learning in High School Biology Mobile Collaborative Learning Literature Review (Concerns and Trends) Mobile Learning Frameworks Conclusion References

Content

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Learning should be based on ones natural interest and motivation to learn which should be supported in the classroom (McDevitt and Ormrod, 2013).

Piaget (1959) supported active learning through the construction of ones own knowledge.

Vygotsky (1978) put emphasis on the role of social interaction in learning.

Introduction: Why Mobile Learning?

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"Our students have changed radically. Today's students are no longer the people our educational system was designed to teach" (Prensky, 2001).

Phones, computers and other media devices can now fit our pockets with the ability to connect us to a variety of information sources and enable communication nearly everywhere we go” (Naismith, Sharples, and Lonsdale, 2004, p. 2).

It comes as no surprise that people would look for ways to integrate mobile computing into e-learning to make courses more accessible and portable (Corbeil & Valdes-Corbeil, 2007).

Younger and older students especially from grades 5-12 are not interested in biology. Educators should focus ways to improve their interest using mobile learning devices to engage them to learn (Prokop et al., 2007) .

Collaboration using mobile technology was rated by IBM c-suite studies (2012) in their latest global CEO study as the number one trait CEO’s are seeking in new employees.

Technology is moving at a faster pace than research, as such mobile learning research is still in the relatively early stages (Chen & Denoyelles, 2013)

Importance of Mobile Learning

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Mobile Learning Images

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Mobile Learning is any sort of learning that happens when the learner is not at a fixed predetermined location,- learning opportunities offered by mobile technologies (O’Malley et al., 2003).

Mobile learning should be restricted to learning on devices which a lady can carry in her handbag or a gentleman can carry in his pocket (Keegan, 2005).

The exploitation of ubiquitous handheld hardware, wireless networking and mobile telephony to enhance and extend the reach of teaching and learning (MoLeNet, 2007).

Learning which requires the use mobile devices which are personal (PDAs/palmtops/handhelds, smartphones), easy to use and which people can carry everywhere with them (Taxler, 2009).

Caballe, Xhafa, and Barolli (2010) considered mobile learning as the next phase of online learning with the exception of it being on a mobile device.

My definition?

Definitions

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How Mobile Technology can be used in the classroom.

Use mobile technology in the classroom for

Literature Review Devices, software applications, websites

Finding information

Peters (2010) studied the use of cellphones in finding information is “just in time, just enough, and just for me” in the classroom.

Cellphones, tablets

QR codes Walsh (2010) investigated the use of QR codes in finding information in the library Cellphones, tablets and idevices

Providing Feedback

Kinash, Shelly, Kordyban and Hives (2012), Mendez and Slisko (2013) used Socrative to get feedback from students. Crossgrove, K., & Curran, K. L. (2008) used clickers in biology courses to get student opinion, learning, and long-term retention of course material

Cellphones, laptops and tablets

Learn new things

Prokop et al (2007) used mobile devices to engage students to learn biology ipads

Take notes Fletcher, J. D., Tobias, S., & Wisher, R. A. (2007) use for blogging and communication. Evernote, Google docs, Zoho, Flickr, phone cameras

Read Fletcher, J. D., Tobias, S., & Wisher, R. A. (2007) using blogs Kindle cloud device, smartphones, idevices, (iBook’s)

Calculate  

Baya'a, N. N., & W., D. (2009). Learning Mathematics in an Authentic Mobile Environment smartphones, tablets

Communicate Kukulska-Hulme, A., & Traxler, J. (Eds.). (2005) Classparrot, SMS, smartphones

Planners Corlett, D., Sharples, M., Bull, S., & Chan, T. (2005). Google calendar

Collaboration Cortez et al. (2004) used a mobile computer to support collaborative learning.Grosseck (2009) study

Edmodo, Google docs, Zoho, slideshare

Create things   Animoto, Voicethread, moviemaker)

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Prensky (2005) suggested that mobile devices can support learning processes such as listening, observing, imitating, questioning, reflecting, trying, estimating, predicting, speculating, and practicing.

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According to Rau, Gao, and Wu (2008) two factors impact high school student learning: Motivation, Pressure.

Stark (2012) investigated the use of Apps for touch-pad devices for learning cell biology in high school. Results showed that the use of the devices hold promise for guiding and supporting learning.

Annetta, Minogue, Holmes, & Cheng (2009) used games to teach genetics. Participants’ level of engagement while interracting with the game increased.

Some studies focused on the use of mobile devices in the Laboratory ( Penn State University)

Mobile Learning and High School Biology

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Mostly educators have raised concerns about mobile learning.Most of the research addressed concerns and provided solutions or suggestions. Concerns Georgiev, T., Georgieva, E., & Smrikarov, A. (2004) reviewed that cellphones had

low memory capacity and low data transfer rates, and tablets and notebook computers were expensive.

Celano and Neuman (2010) reported that children from low income homes in K-12 learning environments did not have access to mobile technology or have a hard time accessing it.

Lenhart, A. (2011) suggest that mobile devices are a distraction in the classroom and should be banned.

Small screen sizes, Internet access, heavy weight, short battery life, content and software application limitations, including a lack of built-in functions, the difficulty of adding applications, challenges in learning how to work with a mobile device, and differences between applications and circumstances of use, network speed and reliability (Kukulska-Hulme (2007)

Literature Review

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Trending now Results of the 2013 Project Tomorrow statistics proved otherwise as close

to 80% of students owned some form of mobile technology in spite of their economic background.

A recent study by Chen & Denoyelles (2013) found out that tablets were the most popular devices used for academic purposes and that most students owned smartphone that had the ability to access academic resources.

(Nielsen, L., & Webb, W. (2011) suggested educator took this as an opportunity to find out what students interests and their world. Katy High School in Texas are implementing the BYOD project to enhance use of mobile devices in their classroom to foster engagement and collaboration.

Many schools are implementing mobile learning like BYOD, researchers are looking for mobile learning opportunities in informal classroom environments.

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Vygotsky (1978) observed that students can perform at higher intellectual levels when they worked in collaborative conditions especially in K-12 learning environments.

Crook (2000) suggested that working with other people, given the right conditions, was in itself motivating.

Cortez et al., (2004) found that MCSCL system provided a highly motivating learning environment that changed classroom dynamics and promoted collaboration between students.

Grosseck (2009) suggested that microblogging using learning using systems like Twitter, Identi.ca, Tumblr, Pownce, Jaiku and Edmodo enhanced collaboration.

Collaborative Mobile Learning

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Effective integration of Mobile Learning for Meaningful and useful learning

The FRAME Model (Koole, 2009)The TPACK Framework, by Matthew Koehler and Mishra

(2011)

Image from http://mkoehler.educ.msu.edu/tpack/using-the-tpack-image/, rights free

Image from http://kooleady.ca/thoughts/?p=619

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Mobile learning typically occurs outside the classroom, with only limited guidance from instructors (Chen and Denoyelles, 2013).

To improve mobile learning effectiveness, students and instructors need help adopting more effective learning and teaching practices across content areas in my case biology –students are taught digital citizenship and teachers get professional development(Kolb,2011).

Curriculum first, then mobile technology

Conclusion

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Annetta, L. A., Minogue, J., Holmes, S. Y., & Cheng, M. T. (2009). Investigating the impact of video games on high school students’ engagement

and learning about genetics. Computers & Education, 53(1), 74-85.

Caballé, S., Xhafa, F., & Barolli, L. (2010). Using mobile devices to support online collaborative learning. Mobile Information Systems, 6(1), 27-47.

doi:10.3233/MIS-2010-0091

Chen, B. & Denoyelles, A (2013). Exploring students' mobile learning practices in higher education. EDUCAUSE review.

Cortez, C., Nussbaum, M., Santelices, R., Rodríguez, P., Zurita, G., Correa, M., & Cautivo, R. (2004). Teaching science with mobile computer

supported collaborative learning (MCSCL). In Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education, 2004. Proceedings. The 2nd IEEE International

Workshop on (pp. 67-74). IEEE.

Grosseck, G. (2009). Using microblogging for collaborative learning. Proc. the New Technology Platforms for Learning–Revisited, Budapest,

Hungary, 71-80.

References

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Keegan, D. (2005, October). The incorporation of mobile learning into mainstream education and training. In World Conference on Mobile Learning, Cape Town.

Learning and Skills Network (2007). MoLeNET Projects, from MoLeNET Web site: http://www.m-learning.org/case-studies/molenet, retrieved on Nove mber 26, 2013.

McDevitt, T. M and Ormrod (2013). Child Development and Education. Fifth Edition, Pearson Education Inc.

Messinger, J. (2011). m-learning: an exploration of the attitudes and perceptions of high school students versus teachers regarding the current and future use of mobile devices for learning. Doctoral

dissertation. Pepperdine University.

O'Malley, C., Vavoula, G., Glew, J. P., Taylor, J., Sharples, M., Lefrere, P., ... & Waycott, J. (2005). Guidelines for learning/teaching/tutoring in a mobile environment.

Prensky, M. (2004). What can you learn from a cell phone? – almost anything! Journal of Online Education. Retrieved March 9th, 2013 from http://

www.marcprensky.com/writing/prensky-what_can_you_learn_from_a_cell_phone-final.pd

Sharples, M., Taylor, J., & Vavoula, G. (2005). Towards a theory of mobile learning. Proceedings of mLearn 2005, 1(1), 1-9.

Rau, P. L. P., Gao, Q., & Wu, L. M. (2008). Using mobile communication technology in high school education: Motivation, pressure, and learning performance. Computers & Education, 50(1), 1-22.

Traxler, J. (2009). The evolution of mobile learning. The evolution of mobile teaching and learning, 1-14.

Vygotsky, L. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Among others

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Thank YouAdd QR Code of slideshare

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