Mobile ComputingMobile Computing

ReferencesReferences

1- Mobile Computing: Technology, Applications 1- Mobile Computing: Technology, Applications and Service Creationand Service Creation

By: Talukder and YavagalBy: Talukder and Yavagal 2- Mobile Computing Principles2- Mobile Computing Principles By: Reza B’FarBy: Reza B’Far 3- 3- Mobile-IP Design principles and PracticesMobile-IP Design principles and Practices By: PerkinsT. By: PerkinsT. 4- Mobile Computing4- Mobile Computing By: Imielinski and H. KorthBy: Imielinski and H. Korth

TopicsTopics

1- What is Mobile Computing?1- What is Mobile Computing?

2- Mobile computing Devices2- Mobile computing Devices

3- Mobile Computing Architechture3- Mobile Computing Architechture

4- Emerging Technologies4- Emerging Technologies

5- Communication Networks5- Communication Networks

Lecture (1)Lecture (1)

Mobile Computing: Mobile Computing: How and Where to? How and Where to?

What is Mobile ComputingWhat is Mobile Computing

Definitions – Mobile ComputingDefinitions – Mobile Computing

What is What is mobile computingmobile computing??– Computing that is not obstructed while the location of Computing that is not obstructed while the location of

it changesit changes

Mobile computing = + ?Mobile computing = + ?

Mobile computing draws fromMobile computing draws from– Wireless communications and networkingWireless communications and networking

Ability to communicate via wireless linksAbility to communicate via wireless links– Ubiquitous and pervasive computingUbiquitous and pervasive computing

Ability to provide computing anywhere and anytime Ability to provide computing anywhere and anytime (ubiquitous), usually in a seamless manner, potentially not (ubiquitous), usually in a seamless manner, potentially not perceived (pervasive)perceived (pervasive)

So What is Mobile Computing?So What is Mobile Computing?

Computing on the go!!Computing on the go!!

How do we achieve it?How do we achieve it?

GO WIRELESSGO WIRELESS

Wireless CommunicationsWireless CommunicationsFirst thing that comes in mind that has anything to do

with wireless is …

RADIO! Radios are Listeners not Speakers !Radios are Listeners not Speakers ! Radio signals received in Limited AreaRadio signals received in Limited Area Radios use various frequenciesRadios use various frequencies Radio Communication is AnalogRadio Communication is Analog

So HOW TO sendSo HOW TO send Digital data on {Analog / Digital} Signal?

Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications

We need devices thatWe need devices that– Can Transmit (Tx) & Receive (Rx)Can Transmit (Tx) & Receive (Rx)– Can Interpret Analog signalCan Interpret Analog signal– Can convert Analog signal to Digital dataCan convert Analog signal to Digital data– Can send and receive signal in some AreaCan send and receive signal in some Area– Can connect to other devices in this AreaCan connect to other devices in this Area– Can stay connected while movingCan stay connected while moving– Would have “enough” bandwidth for TxWould have “enough” bandwidth for Tx

YES… We have them!

Wireless CommunicationsWireless Communications

Devices operate on various FrequenciesDevices operate on various Frequencies Two devices can “Talk” on same FrequencyTwo devices can “Talk” on same Frequency Many devices need many frequenciesMany devices need many frequencies

Band of frequencies

LFLF MFMF HFHF VHFVHF UHFUHF SHFSHF EHFEHF

FreqFreq(Hz)(Hz)

101055 101066 101077 101088 101099 10101010 10101111

Ubiquitous, Mobile, NomadicUbiquitous, Mobile, Nomadic Terminology not always consistentTerminology not always consistent

– NomadicNomadic computing: “portable”; no mobility computing: “portable”; no mobility while connectedwhile connected

– MobileMobile computing: “on-the-go”, e.g., while computing: “on-the-go”, e.g., while sitting on a train; possibility of network sitting on a train; possibility of network connections remaining openconnections remaining open

– Pervasive or UbiquitousPervasive or Ubiquitous computing: computing: computing everywhere… ORcomputing everywhere… OR computers everywhere…most of them computers everywhere…most of them

invisibleinvisible

How to achieve ubiquity?How to achieve ubiquity?

Make computing available beyond desktopMake computing available beyond desktop

Make it mobile and connectedMake it mobile and connected Instrument the personInstrument the person Instrument the physical surroundingsInstrument the physical surroundings

Related areasRelated areas

Pervasive computingPervasive computing Wearable computingWearable computing Intelligent environmentsIntelligent environments Augmented realityAugmented reality

All will be referred to by umbrella term of All will be referred to by umbrella term of Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp)Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp)

Computers EverywhereComputers Everywhere

Marc WeiserMarc Weiser Vision of ubiquitous computing: hundreds of Vision of ubiquitous computing: hundreds of

computers per person, various sizes and computers per person, various sizes and capabilitiescapabilities

TabsTabs– very small--smart badge w/ user info, etc.very small--smart badge w/ user info, etc.– allow personalized settings to follow a userallow personalized settings to follow a user– leave bios behind at meetingsleave bios behind at meetings– attached to virtually everything--e.g., books, car attached to virtually everything--e.g., books, car

keys, etc.keys, etc.

RealityReality

Some of Weiser’s H/W predictionsSome of Weiser’s H/W predictions– Large displays, a fraction of a centimeter thick, powered Large displays, a fraction of a centimeter thick, powered

continuously for days on a small battery (no, no, no!)continuously for days on a small battery (no, no, no!)– 1GHz processors (yes, yes, yes)1GHz processors (yes, yes, yes)– 16MB of memory on a single unit (easy, memory is far 16MB of memory on a single unit (easy, memory is far

cheaper than we could have imagined in 1991)cheaper than we could have imagined in 1991)– Several GB of storage easily available (yes: we’ve done Several GB of storage easily available (yes: we’ve done

better than this)better than this)

So, we’re behind in displays, batteriesSo, we’re behind in displays, batteries

Mobile Computing: Mobile Computing: Is it Right for You?Is it Right for You?

AdvantagesAdvantages ConvenienceConvenience Boost productivityBoost productivity Communicate with others Communicate with others

anywhereanywhere Access to electronic Access to electronic

informationinformation

LimitationsLimitations ExpensiveExpensive Battery lifeBattery life Small screen displaySmall screen display Slow Internet speedSlow Internet speed

Mobile Computing DevicesMobile Computing Devices

PagersPagers Cellular phonesCellular phones MP3 playersMP3 players Personal digital Personal digital

assistantsassistants Tablet PCsTablet PCs Laptop computersLaptop computers

Comparing Mobile DevicesComparing Mobile DevicesMobile Devices: Price, Size, Weight, and Capabilities

Device Relative Price ApproximateSize

Approximate Weight

Standard Capabilities

Paging Device $ (includes cost for the pager

and a monthly plan)

2" × 2" × 0.5" 0.2 lbs. Provides numeric and/or textmessaging in one or two directions

Cell Phone $$ (includes cost for thephone, a monthly plan,and Internet access)

5" × 2" × 0.5".  0.25 lbs Provides voice and e-mail connectivity

MP3 Player $$–$$$ 3" × 2" × 1" 0.25 lbs. Provides storage of digital music filesand other data

PDA $$–$$$ 5" × 3" × 1" 0.5 lbs. Provides PIM capabilities, access toapplication software, and accessto the Internet

Tablet PC $$$$$ 10" × 8" × 1" 3 lbs. Provides PIM capabilities, access toapplication software, access to theInternet, and special handwriting andspeech-recognition capabilities

Laptop $$$$–$$$$$ 10" × 13" × 2" 5 to 8 lbs. Provides all the capabilities of a desktopcomputer while also being portable

Paging DevicesPaging Devices

Small wireless devices that receive Small wireless devices that receive numeric messages (phone numbers)numeric messages (phone numbers)

Recent technological advancements Recent technological advancements enable:enable:– Voice paging:Voice paging:

Receiving voice messagesReceiving voice messages

– Alphanumeric paging:Alphanumeric paging: Receiving numeric and text messagesReceiving numeric and text messages

– Two-way paging:Two-way paging: Receiving and sending text messagesReceiving and sending text messages

Cellular PhonesCellular Phones

Full-featured communication and information Full-featured communication and information storage devicesstorage devices

Features include:Features include:– Auto-redialAuto-redial– Call timersCall timers– Voice-mailVoice-mail– Voice-activated dialingVoice-activated dialing– Internet accessInternet access– Text messagingText messaging– Personal information managementPersonal information management

Cell Phone HardwareCell Phone Hardware

Microprocessor (CPU):Microprocessor (CPU):– Coordinates data between componentsCoordinates data between components– Runs the operating systemRuns the operating system

Memory:Memory:– ROM stores the operating systemROM stores the operating system– Internal memory chips store:Internal memory chips store:

Contact data Contact data Ring tonesRing tones ImagesImages Small application programs Small application programs Microprocessor

Memory

Cell Phone HardwareCell Phone Hardware

Input devices:Input devices:– MicrophoneMicrophone– KeypadKeypad– Graffiti padGraffiti pad– Touch-screenTouch-screen– Digital cameraDigital camera

Output devices:Output devices:– SpeakerSpeaker– LCD displayLCD display Microphone

Keypad

LCD display

Speaker

Cell Phone FeaturesCell Phone Features

Text messaging:Text messaging:– Short Message Service (SMS):Short Message Service (SMS):

Send messages up to 160 charactersSend messages up to 160 characters

– Multimedia Message Service (MMS):Multimedia Message Service (MMS): Send text, sound, images, and video clipsSend text, sound, images, and video clips

Internet connectivity:Internet connectivity:– Wireless Internet service providerWireless Internet service provider– Maximum speed of 14.4 KbpsMaximum speed of 14.4 Kbps– Micro-browser softwareMicro-browser software

MP3 PlayersMP3 Players MP3: MP3:

– Format for storing musicFormat for storing music

MP3 player:MP3 player:– A small device that stores and plays musicA small device that stores and plays music

Storage space determines the number of songs Storage space determines the number of songs stored:stored:– Memory chips 64 MB to 256 MBMemory chips 64 MB to 256 MB– Hard drive up to 40 GBHard drive up to 40 GB– Sampling rate also affectsSampling rate also affects

number of songs storednumber of songs stored

MP3 Flash MemoryMP3 Flash Memory

Used to add additional memory to MP3 Used to add additional memory to MP3 playersplayers

Types of flash memory:Types of flash memory:– Compact Flash:Compact Flash:

64 MB to 1 GB64 MB to 1 GB

– Multimedia (MMC) and SmartMedia:Multimedia (MMC) and SmartMedia: 128 MB128 MB

– Secure Digital:Secure Digital: 512 MB512 MB

– Sony Memory Stick:Sony Memory Stick: 128 MB128 MB

PodcastingPodcasting

Distributing non-music MP3 files over the Distributing non-music MP3 files over the InternetInternet

Podcasts can be information, books on tape Podcasts can be information, books on tape audio plays, etcaudio plays, etc

People can listen when they wishPeople can listen when they wish

Small devices that store digital informationSmall devices that store digital information Known as palm computers or handheldsKnown as palm computers or handhelds PDA hardware includes:PDA hardware includes:

– CPUCPU– Operating systemOperating system– Storage capabilitiesStorage capabilities– Input/output devicesInput/output devices– Ports Ports

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)

PDA Input and Output DevicesPDA Input and Output Devices

Input devicesInput devices Touch-screen with stylusTouch-screen with stylus Keyboards:Keyboards:

– On-screenOn-screen– IntegratedIntegrated– FoldingFolding

Digital camerasDigital cameras

Output devicesOutput devices LCD displays:LCD displays:

– GrayscaleGrayscale– Color Color

PDA ProcessorsPDA Processors

Popular processors:Popular processors:– Motorola DragonBallMotorola DragonBall– Texas Instruments OMAPTexas Instruments OMAP– Intel XScaleIntel XScale

Comparing processors:Comparing processors:– SpeedSpeed– Performance: Performance:

Benchmarking Benchmarking

– Power consumptionPower consumption

PDA Operating SystemsPDA Operating Systems

Palm OSPalm OS Uses less memory than Uses less memory than

Pocket PCPocket PC Easy to use graphical Easy to use graphical

interfaceinterface Features include:Features include:

– CalendarCalendar– To-do listTo-do list– Contact informationContact information– Viewing VideosViewing Videos– Playing MP3 filesPlaying MP3 files

Extra application software Extra application software is availableis available

Pocket PCPocket PC Scaled-down version of Scaled-down version of

WindowsWindows More expensive than More expensive than

Palm OSPalm OS Features include:Features include:

– PDA version of Microsoft PDA version of Microsoft Word and ExcelWord and Excel

– Viewing videosViewing videos– Playing MP3 filesPlaying MP3 files

Extra application software Extra application software is availableis available

PDA Memory and StoragePDA Memory and Storage

ROM stores the operating ROM stores the operating system and the basic system and the basic programsprograms

RAM stores additional RAM stores additional applications and dataapplications and data

Flash memory is used for Flash memory is used for additional storageadditional storage

PDA File Transfer and PDA File Transfer and SynchronizationSynchronization

PDA files can be transferred to a PDA files can be transferred to a desktop using:desktop using:– Flash card readersFlash card readers– Cradles Cradles

Synchronizing updates files on Synchronizing updates files on both the PDA and desktopboth the PDA and desktop

Wireless transfers:Wireless transfers:– IrDAIrDA– BluetoothBluetooth

PDA Internet ConnectivityPDA Internet Connectivity

An Internet connection An Internet connection requires a wireless ISPrequires a wireless ISP

Web pages are Web pages are accessed using accessed using Wireless Application Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)Protocol (WAP)

Web clipping enables Web clipping enables information from Web information from Web pages to be formatted pages to be formatted for PDAsfor PDAs

PDA Software and AccessoriesPDA Software and Accessories

Standard software:Standard software:– To-do listTo-do list– Contacts managerContacts manager– CalendarCalendar

Additional software:Additional software:– Microsoft Word and Microsoft Word and

ExcelExcel– GamesGames– ToolsTools– References References

Blueboard:Blueboard:– PDA display acts as a PDA display acts as a

drawing boarddrawing board– Connects to four other Connects to four other

PDAsPDAs

Converged TechnologiesConverged Technologies

Cell phones with PDA Cell phones with PDA capabilitycapability

PDAs with cell phone PDAs with cell phone capabilitycapability

Handspring TreoHandspring Treo Sony Erricson P800Sony Erricson P800

Tablet PCsTablet PCs

Portable computers with handwriting Portable computers with handwriting recognition and speech recognitionrecognition and speech recognition

Two monitor modes:Two monitor modes:– LaptopLaptop– Tablet Tablet

Tablet PC HardwareTablet PC Hardware

Tablet PC hardware includes:Tablet PC hardware includes:– CPUCPU– Storage capabilitiesStorage capabilities– Input/output devicesInput/output devices– PortsPorts

Digital ink technology:Digital ink technology:– Pressure sensitive screenPressure sensitive screen– Digital penDigital pen

Tablet SoftwareTablet Software

Windows XP Tablet PC is the operating systemWindows XP Tablet PC is the operating system Applications programs compatible with Windows Applications programs compatible with Windows

XP are availableXP are available

Laptops Laptops

Also known as notebooksAlso known as notebooks Computing power of a desktopComputing power of a desktop Weigh 6 poundsWeigh 6 pounds

Laptop HardwareLaptop Hardware

DVD/CD-RW drivesDVD/CD-RW drives Hard drivesHard drives RAMRAM Hot-swappable bays:Hot-swappable bays:

– Remove a drive and replace it Remove a drive and replace it with another typewith another type

KeyboardKeyboard Built-in mouseBuilt-in mouse LCD displaysLCD displays

Laptop Operating SystemsLaptop Operating Systems

Same operating systems Same operating systems as those found on as those found on desktopsdesktops

Power management:Power management:– Shuts down the hard driveShuts down the hard drive– Turns off the monitorTurns off the monitor– Puts the computer into Puts the computer into

standby modestandby mode

Laptop PortsLaptop Ports

A full set of ports:A full set of ports:– ParallelParallel– MonitorMonitor– USBUSB– ModemModem– EthernetEthernet– Audio jacksAudio jacks– FireWireFireWire– PCI type I/II card slotsPCI type I/II card slots

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

What are the advantages and limitations of What are the advantages and limitations of mobile computing?mobile computing?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

What are the various mobile computing What are the various mobile computing devices?devices?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

What can pagers do?What can pagers do?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

How do cell phone components resemble a How do cell phone components resemble a traditional computer and how do cell phones traditional computer and how do cell phones work?work?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

What can I carry in an MP3 player and how What can I carry in an MP3 player and how does it store data?does it store data?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

For what can I use a PDA and what internal For what can I use a PDA and what internal components and features does it have?components and features does it have?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

How can I synchronize my mobile devices How can I synchronize my mobile devices with my desktop computer?with my desktop computer?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

What is a tablet PC?What is a tablet PC?

Lecture 1: Summary QuestionsLecture 1: Summary Questions

How powerful are laptops and how do they How powerful are laptops and how do they compare to desktop computers?compare to desktop computers?