mmowyvladoba saqartvelosiowyvladoba saqartvelosi · a 17. kontaqtebi ojaxtan, mezoblebtan,...

ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvladoba saqarTveloSiekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvladoba saqarTveloSi

ekono

miku

ri d

a s

ocia

luri

ekono

miku

ri d

a s

ocia

luri

mowyvl

adoba s

aqar

Tve

loSi

mowyvl

adoba s

aqar

Tve

loSi

gaeros ganviTarebis programa saqarTveloSigaeros ganviTarebis programa saqarTveloSi

ekonomikuri da socialuri ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvladoba saqarTveloSimowyvladoba saqarTveloSi

franCeska gasmanifranCeska gasmani

giorgi berulavagiorgi berulava

mixeil ToqmaziSvilimixeil ToqmaziSvili


saavtoro uflebebi daculia. dauSvebelia winamdebare gamocemis reproduqcia

nebismieri formiT an saSualebiT gavrceleba nebarTvis gareSe.

winamdebare gamocema warmoadgens gaeros ganviTarebis programis mier

dafinansebul damoukidebel gamokvlevas. masSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi

avtoriseulia da ar asaxavs gaeros ganviTarebis programis Tvalsazriss.

ISBN 978-9941-0-5368-9saavtoro uflebebi daculia © UNDP, 2013

teqstis redaqtori: xaTuna Rlonti

ydis dizaini da dakabadoneba: natalia Rlonti, nata yifianidabeWdilia saqarTveloSi, gamomcemloba „sezani“


gaeros ganviTarebis programa warmogidgenT winamdebare kvlevas, romelic amomwuravad axasiaTebs socialurad mowyvladi mosaxleobis mdgomareobis sxvadasxva aspeqts saqa-rTveloSi. darwmunebuli var, es naSromi did wvlils Seitans socialurad orientire-buli politikis formirebis procesSi.

saqarTvelos mTavroba aRiarebs, rom meti unda gakeTdes, raTa reformis Sedegebi dadeb-iTad aisaxos mosaxleobis yvela fenaze, gansakuTrebiT ki – SeWirvebulebze. naSromSi mimoxilulia mowyvladobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli mizezebi, xolo daucveli jgufebis mdgomareoba Sedarebulia qveyanaSi arsebuli viTarebis saSualo maCveneblebTan.

vimedovnebT, kvlevaSi warmodgenili analizi daexmareba politikis ganmsazRvrel pirebs da xels Seuwyobs problemuri sferoebis Sesaxeb sando monacemTa dadgenas.

naSromi efuZneba adgilobrivi da saerTaSoriso eqspertebisa da organizaciebis kvle-vebs. guliTad madlobas vuxdi yvelas, vinc wvlili Seitana, rom es naSromi yovlismom-cveli, mravalmxrivi da momavalze gaTvlili yofiliyo. gansakuTrebuli madlierebiT minda aRvniSno saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris mier mowodebuli mona-cemebi.

gaeros ganviTarebis programa aRiarebs humanuri ganviTarebis ZiriTad principebs, rom-lebic adamianTa cxovrebis xarisxs ekonomikuri maCveneblebis win ayenebs. aseve gvjera, rom axla, rodesac saqarTvelo reformebis axal fazaSi Sedis, aucilebelia ganaxldes dialogi adamianze orientirebuli ganviTarebis strategiis Sesaxeb. amgvari SesaZle-blobebi iSviaTia da gaeros ganviTarebis programa mzadaa, rom am procesis nawili gaxdes.

jeimi makgoldriki

gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP) mudmivi warmomadgeneli

win

asit

yva

oba

win

asit

yva

oba

4


madl

oba

madl

oba

madlobamadloba

es angariSi momzadebulia gaeros ganviTarebis programis (UNDP) saxeliT eqspertTa gundis mier, romlis Semadgenloba-Sic Sedian: franCeska gasmani (jgufis xelmZRvaneli, maastrix-tis marTvis samagistro skola), giorgi berulava da mixeil ToqmaziSvili (adgilobrivi konsultantebi), ivan miniCi (kiTx-varis eqsperti) da svaraj naTi (respondentTa SerCevis eqsper-ti). saqstatTan (saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri) nayofieri TanamSromloba metad mniSvnelovani iyo proeqti-saTvis. didi madloba gvsurs gadavuxadoT Tengiz cekvavas, giorgi kalakaSvilsa da saqstatis SesaniSnav koleqtivs, rom-lebmac daxmareba gagviwies mowyvladobis modulebis Sesaqmne-lad sami damxmare jgufis SesarCevad da romlebic yovelTvis gamoxatavdnen mzadyofnas pasuxi gaecaT monacemebTan, SerCevas-Tan, Sewonvasa da sxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT dasmul kiTxve-bze. madlobas vuxdiT saqarTveloSi gaeros ganviTarebis pro-gramis warmomadgenlebs: naTia nacvliSvils, inita pauloviCasa da sofo qemxaZes maTi aqtiuri mxardaWerisa da Sinaarsobrivi xelmZRvanelobisTvis proeqtis ganmavlobaSi. aseve gvsurs gan-sakuTrebiT aRvniSnoT mihail peleas (UNDP bratislava) fa-seuli monawileoba kvlevis sawyis etapebze. xaTuna WanuyvaZem da nino nebieriZem (UNDP saqarTvelo) proeqts mniSvnelovani administraciuli daxmareba gauwies. aRsaniSnavia mira bier-baumisa da hendrik petersis Rirebuli kvleviTi mxardaWera maastrixtSi. avtorebi erTpirovnul pasuxismgeblobas iReben angariSSi arsebul nebismier cdomilebaze.

samTavrobo oficialur pirebTan, gaeros saagentoebTan, samo-qalaqo sazogadoebisa da sxvadasxva kvleviTi institutu-

tis warmomadgenlebTan diskusiis dros Cven bevri ram Sevi-tyveT iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli da unarSezRuduli pirebis, saqarTvelos mTianeTSi mcxovrebi ojaxebis Sesaxeb. Cven gansa-kuTrebul madlobas vuxdiT gaeros bavSvTa fondis (UNICEF)warmomadgenlebs – b-n roland monaSsa da q-n TinaTin baums, gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisariatis (UNHCR) warmo-madgenels q-n daniela popoviC-efendiks, saqarTvelos ltol-vilTa da gansaxlebis saministros warmomadgenels – b-n valeri kopaleiSvils, saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da social-uri dacvis saministros warmomadgenels – b-n moris wamalaS-vils, regionuli politikis, TviTmmarTvelobis da mTiani re-gionebis komitetis warmomadgenels – b-n vaxtang balavaZes, kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centris (CRRC) warmomadgenels – b-n hans gutbrods, koalicia damoukidebeli cxovrebisaTvis warmomadgenlebs – b-n giorgi ZnelaZes, q-n maia bibileiSvilsa da q-n Tamar nadiraZes, saqarTveloSi norvegiis ltolvil-Ta sabWos (NRC) warmomadgenels – q-n Tina gevissa da sxvebs, vinc yovelTvis mzad iyo gaeziarebina sakuTari mosazreba.gansakuTrebul madlobas vuxdiT fokusjgufebis diskusiebis monawileebs, romlebic gviziarebdnen sakuTar gamocdilebas da Riad saubrobdnen TavianT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi arsebuli sirTuleebisa da dabrkolebebis Sesaxeb.

5


Sem

okl

ebeb

is s

iaSem

okl

ebeb

is s

ia

Semoklebebis siaSemoklebebis sia

CATRDCATRD soflis ganviTarebis treningcentri

CHCACHCA saqvelmoqmedo humanitaruli centri afxazeTi

CRRCCRRC kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centri

DEADEA unarSezRudul qalTa da unarSezRudul bavSvTa dedebis asociacia

ESCAPESCAP gaeros komisia ekonomikur da socialur sakiTxebSi, aziisa da wynari okeanis regioni

EurostatEurostat evrogaerTianebis statistikis sammarTvelo

GDPGDP mTliani Sida produqti

GEOSTATGEOSTAT saqarTvelos statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri

HBSHBS ojaxebis biujetis kvleva

IDMCIDMC iZulebiTi gadaadgilebis monitoringis saerTaSoriso centri

IDPIDP iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi

IMFIMF saerTaSoriso savaluto fondi

IOMIOM migraciis saerTaSoriso organizacia

IRCIRC saerTaSoriso wiTeli jvari

ISSAISSA socialuri kvlevisa da analizis instituti

MSLMSL saarsebo minimumi

NRCNRC ltolvilTa norvegiis sabWo

SSASSA socialuri momsaxurebis saagento

UNUN gaerTianebuli erebis organizacia

UNDPUNDP gaeros ganviTarebis programa

UNECEUNECE gaeros evropis ekonomikuri komisia

UNEPUNEP gaeros garemos dacvis programa

UNHCRUNHCR gaeros ltolvilTa umaRlesi komisari

UNICEFUNICEF gaeros bavSvTa fondi

WHOWHO msoflio jandacvis organizacia

6


sarCe

vi

sarCe

vi

sarCevisarCevi

winasityvaoba .....................................................................................................................................................................................3madloba ................................................................................................................................................................................................4Semoklebebis sia ...............................................................................................................................................................................5

I. reziumereziume ....................................................................................................................................................................................10II. zogadi suraTizogadi suraTi ...................................................................................................................................................................10

2.1. ekonomikuri mimoxilva .....................................................................................................................................................222.2. demografiuli aspeqtebi .................................................................................................................................................242.3. specifikuri jgufebi .........................................................................................................................................................282.4. specialur jgufebze morgebuli saxelmwifo politika ...............................................................................37

III. mowyvladobis gansazRvra da Sefasebamowyvladobis gansazRvra da Sefaseba ...............................................................................................................443.1. koncefciuri CarCo .............................................................................................................................................................443.2. mowyvladobis ganzomilebebi da maCveneblebi ....................................................................................................463.3. monacemebi da meTodologia ..........................................................................................................................................50

IV. socialuri da ekonomikuri mowyvladobis masStabi da bunebasocialuri da ekonomikuri mowyvladobis masStabi da buneba ...............................................................604.1. ojaxis resursebi .................................................................................................................................................................604.2. resursebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba .....................................................................................................................844.3. vin aris mowyvladi da ra aspeqtSi? .........................................................................................................................984.4. mravalganzomilebiani mowyvladoba ......................................................................................................................1004.5. mowyvladoba Sokuri movlenebis mimarT ............................................................................................................1044.6. Sokis daZlevis strategiebi .......................................................................................................................................108

V. daskvnadaskvna ................................................................................................................................................................................114danarTi ............................................................................................................................................................................................117A1. sazogadoebrivi kavSirebisa da daxmarebis kompozituri indikatorebi ...........................................117A2. statistikuri monacemebis danarTi .........................................................................................................................125literatura ..................................................................................................................................................................................156

cxrilebis siacxrilebis sia

1. mosaxleobis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT 2009-2012 wlebis 1-li ianvris mdgomareobiT (aTasi adamiani) ..........................................................................................................27

2. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi saqarTveloSi regionebis mixedviT, 2012....................................283. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis sacxovreblis ganawileba seqtorebis mixedviT, 2012 ........304. registrirebuli unarSezRuduli pirebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi, 2006-2011 .............................335. ojaxis saSualo Tviuri Semosavali qalaqad da soflad (lari), 2006-2011 .......................................356. iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa raodenoba da socialurad daucveli ojaxebis erTian

monacemTa bazaSi registrirebuli iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa ojaxebi,

romlebic iReben saarsebo Semweobas, 2011 .............................................................................................................387. beneficiarebis raodenoba da unarSezRuduli pirebis dRis centrebis da

sazogadoebrivi organizaciebis xarjebi saqarTveloSi, 2010-2011..........................................................418. umweo ojaxebis raodenoba, romelic registrirebulia erTian monacemTa bazaSi

da iRebs saarsebo Semweobas (2011) .............................................................................................................................439. ojaxis resursebi ...................................................................................................................................................................4810. resursebis gamoyenebis unari ........................................................................................................................................4811. riskebi da maTTan gamklavebis strategiebi .........................................................................................................49

7


12. amonarCevis Sedgeniloba, me-4 kvartali, 2011 ....................................................................................................5113. ojaxebisa da fizikuri pirebis ganawileba sxvadasxva jgufis mixedviT .............................................5214. mosaxleobis demografiuli Sedgeniloba, individuluri maxasiaTeblebi (%) .................................5315. mosaxleobis demografiuli Sedgeniloba ojaxisa da ojaxis ufrosis

maxasiaTeblebis mixedviT (%) ........................................................................................................................................5416. diskusiebi fokusjgufebSi ..............................................................................................................................................5517. maCveneblebisa da zRvrebis gansazRvreba ...............................................................................................................5618. ganzomilebebi, maCveneblebi da Sewonva mravalganzomilebiani indeqsebisTvis ..............................5819. mowyvladoba finansuri resursebis mimarT, (%) .................................................................................................6320. finansuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRrveli faqtorebi,

SerCeuli maCveneblebi ......................................................................................................................................................6721. mowyvladoba fizikuri resursebisa da sacxovreblis mimarT (procentulad) ................................6822. miwis mflobeloba da sasoflo-samurneo miwis farTobi qalaqad soflad .......................................6923. msxvilfexa pirutyvis floba (aseTis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi) qalaqad da

soflad (procentuli maCveneblebi) ..........................................................................................................................6924. fizikuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

SerCeuli maCveneblebi ......................................................................................................................................................7325. mowyvladoba adamianur resursebTan dakavSirebiT (procentuli maCveneblebi) ............................7526. adamianuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

SerCeuli maCveneblebi ......................................................................................................................................................7827. mowyvladoba socialuri resursebis mimarT (procentuli maCveneblebi) ...........................................8128. socialuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

SerCeuli maCveneblebi ......................................................................................................................................................8329. bazrebis, momsaxurebisa da socialuri resursebis wvdomis procentuli maCveneblebi .............8530. produqtebis gayidvis gamocdilebis procentuli maCveneblebi ...............................................................8631. bazrebis wvdomasTan dakavSirebuli mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi ...............................8932. (qronikuli) daavadebisa da stomatologiuri problemebis mqone mosaxleobis

procentuli wili mTel mosaxleobaSi .....................................................................................................................9233. momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebuli mowyvladobis

ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi ............................................................................................................................................9434. ojaxis wevrebTan, mezoblebTan, megobrebsa da kolegebTan kontaqtebis

procentuli maCveneblebi ................................................................................................................................................9635. socialuri resursebis xelmisawvdomobis sferoSi mowyvladobis

ganmapirobebeli faqtorebi ............................................................................................................................................9736. mravalcvladiani analizis Sedegebis Semajamebeli cxrili –

ojaxis resursebTan dakavSirebuli mowyvladoba ............................................................................................9937. mravalcvladiani analizis Sedegebis Semajamebeli cxrili –

resursebis gamoyenebis unarTan dakavSirebuli mowyvladoba ..................................................................9938. resursebisa da wvdomis mravalganzomilebiani mowyvladoba .................................................................10139. mravalganzomilebiani mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

ganzomilebebisa da SerCeuli indikatorebis mixedviT ..............................................................................10240. mowyvladobis mravalganzomilebiani modeli SerCeuli indikatorebis mixedviT ......................10341. mosaxleobis mier gasuli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi gadatanili Sokuri

movlenebis sixSire da tipebi (mosaxleobis procentuli wili) ...........................................................10642. Sokis gadatanis albaToba SerCeuli indikatorebis mixedviT ............................................................... 10643. ojaxebis procentuli wili, romelTa mier arCeuli pirveli strategia

warmatebuli aRmoCnda (cotaTi mainc daexmara) .............................................................................................112

sarCe

vi

sarCe

vi

8


A 1. korelaciuri matrica 8.2.1-8.2.6 kiTxvebisaTvis ..........................................................................................117A 2. modelis Semajamebeli cxrili ................................................................................................................................118A 3. komponentebis datvirTva ...........................................................................................................................................119A 4. klasteruli analizis Sedegebi ..............................................................................................................................120A 5. klasteruli cvladebis korelaciuri analizi komponentebiTa da

sawyisi „sazogadoebrivi kavSirebis“ cvladiT ...............................................................................................121A 6. korelaciuri matrica 7.1-7.4 cvladebisaTvis ...............................................................................................122A 7. modelis Semajamebeli cxrili ................................................................................................................................122A 8. komponentebis datvirTva ...........................................................................................................................................123A 9. klasteruli analizis Sedegebi ..............................................................................................................................123A 10. klasteruli cvladebis korelaciuri analizi, rodesac

„daxmarebis xelmisawvdomoba“ sawyisi cvladia ............................................................................................123A 11. saarsebo minimumi saqarTveloSi (lari) ..........................................................................................................125A 12. Semosavlis struqtura (mTliani moculobis procentuli wili) .....................................................125A 13. ojaxis resursebi siRaribis statusisa da sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT

(mosaxleobis procentuli wili) ..........................................................................................................................126A 14. xangrZlivi sargeblobis nivTebis da eleqtromowyobilobis qona

(mosaxleobis procentuli wili) ..........................................................................................................................127A 15. bazrebisa da momsaxurebis wvdoma siRaribis statusisa da

sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT (mosaxleobis procentuli wili) .................................................127A 16. saWiroebis dros stomatologTan armisvlis mizezebi, im avadmyofTa

procentuli wili, romlebic eqims ar mimarTaven .....................................................................................128A 17. kontaqtebi ojaxTan, mezoblebTan, megobrebsa da kolegebTan (%) ..................................................128A 18. satransporto saSualebebis wvdoma (mosaxleobis procentuli wili) ..........................................129A 19. gadatanili Sokis tipi da zegavlena ekonomikur mdgomareobaze

(mosaxleobis procentuli wili) ..........................................................................................................................129A 20. finansuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

sruli modeli .................................................................................................................................................................131A 21. fizikuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

sruli modeli .................................................................................................................................................................133A 22. sacxovrisis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi, sruli modeli .........................136A 23. adamianuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

sruli modeli .................................................................................................................................................................137A 24. socialuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

sruli modeli .................................................................................................................................................................140A 25. bazrebis wvdomis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

sruli modeli .................................................................................................................................................................142A 26. momsaxurebis wvdomis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

sruli modeli .................................................................................................................................................................144A 27. socialuri resursebis mimarT mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi,

sruli modeli .................................................................................................................................................................146A 28. mravalganzomilebiani mowyvladobis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi

ganzomilebebis mixedviT, sruli modeli ........................................................................................................148A 29. mowyvladobis multinominaluri modeli, sruli modeli ....................................................................151A 30. Sokis albaToba, sruli modeli ........................................................................................................................... 152

sarCe

vi

sarCe

vi

9


grafikebis siagrafikebis sia

1. mTliani Sida produqti, mudmivi fasebi, procentuli cvlileba (IMF, 2012) ..................................232. mTavrobis ZiriTadi Semosavlebi, xarjebi da investiciebis done,

mTliani Sida produqtis procenti (IMF, 2012) .................................................................................................243. Sobadobis mTliani done (mSobiarobebis raodenoba erT qalze) (UNICEF, 2012 w.) ......................254. mosaxleoba asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT (msoflio banki, 2012) .........................................................265. kmayofaze myofi mosaxleobis koeficientebi asakis mixedviT (msoflio banki, 2012) ..............266. ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvladobis ganmsazRvrelebi .....................................................................467. siRaribis maCveneblebi saqarTveloSi, 2007-2011 (GEOSTAT, 2012) .........................................................618. Semosavlis procentuli Sedgeniloba ....................................................................................................................659. umuSevrobis done qalaqebsa da soflebSi (saqstati, 2012) .......................................................................8810. qronikuli avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi eqimTan armisvlis mizezebi da

im avadmyofTa procentuli wili, romelic eqims ar mimarTavs ..............................................................9211. avadmyofobis SemTxvevaSi eqimTan armisvlis mizezebi da im avadmyofTa

procentuli wili, romelmac eqims ar mimarTa bolo sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ................................9312. stomatologiuri problemis SemTxvevaSi eqimTan armisvlis mizezebi da

im avadmyofTa procentuli wili, romelic stomatologs ar mimarTavs ...........................................9313. ormxrivi mowyvladoba (%)..........................................................................................................................................10214. mosaxleobis mier gasuli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi gadatanili Soki

(zemoqmedebis qveS myofi mosaxleobis procentuli wili) ......................................................................10515. Sokuri zemoqmedebis arseboba/ararseboba (mosaxleobis procentuli wili) .............................10716. Sokis Sedegebis daZlevis strategia (ojaxebis procentuli wili) ...................................................10817. sxvadasxva tipis Sokuri movlenis Sedegebis daZlevis strategia .....................................................10918. resursebis gazrdis strategiebi (ojaxebis procentuli wili) ...........................................................11019. xarjebis Semcirebis strategiebi (ojaxebis procentuli wili) ..........................................................11120. ekonomia moxmarebis Semcirebis gziT (ojaxebis procentuli wili) ..................................................111A 1. sakuTari mniSvnelobis grafiki (Scree Plot) .......................................................................................................119A 2. komponentebis datvirTva Sebrunebul sivrceSi ............................................................................................120

grafik

ebis

sia

grafik

ebis

sia

10


reziume

reziume

reziumereziume

am angariSSi mocemulia saqarTvelo-am angariSSi mocemulia saqarTvelo-Si socialuri da ekonomikuri mowyv-Si socialuri da ekonomikuri mowyv-ladobis masStabis, struqturisa ladobis masStabis, struqturisa da ganmsazRvreli faqtorebis yo-da ganmsazRvreli faqtorebis yo-velmxrivi bazisuri analizi. masSi velmxrivi bazisuri analizi. masSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebisa da maRalmTiani regionebis pirebisa da maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxleobis mdgomareobis Seswav-mosaxleobis mdgomareobis Seswav-las. las. ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvladobis Sesafaseblad kvle-vaSi gamoyenebulia qveynis specifi-kis gaTvaliswinebiT SemuSavebuli mravalganzomilebiani midgoma da gamovlenilia erTi an ramdenime saxis mowyvladobis mqone jgufi.garda amisa, angariSSi Seswavlilia daucveloba sxvadasxva Sokis mimarT da maTi daZlevis yvelaze gavrcele-buli strategiebi.

zogadi suraTi

bolo wlebSi miRweuli sagrZnobi bolo wlebSi miRweuli sagrZnobi ekonomikuri zrdis miuxedavad, saqa-ekonomikuri zrdis miuxedavad, saqa-rTvelos mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani rTvelos mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili siRaribeSi cxovrobs. nawili siRaribeSi cxovrobs. 2004wlidan 2008 wlamde saSualo wliuri ekonomikuri zrda 6.8%-s Seadgenda.es zrda droebiT SeCerda mxolod 2008 wlis Sua periodSi, rodesac qveyanas ruseTTan konfliqti da globaluri ekonomikuri krizisi daatyda Tavs. ormagi Sokis Semdeg qveynis ekonomika swrafad aRdga da 2010-2011 wlebSi zrdis maCvene-beli TiTqmis krizisamdel dones daubrunda. miuxedavad amisa, siRari-be kvlavac problemad rCeba. Sefase-bebis mixedviT, ukiduresi siRaribis maCvenebli 10%-ia, xolo naklebad konservatiuli zRvris gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi siRaribis zRvars qve-moT mosaxleobis 45% cxovrobs. siR-aribis maCveneblebi gansxvavebulia

40%40%

30%30%

20%20%

10%10%

0%0%

-10%-10%

-20%-20%

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20082008 2010201020072007 20092009 20112011

mTliani Sida produqtis mTliani Sida produqtis (GDP)(GDP) zrda, zrda, mudmivi fasebi mudmivi fasebi (IMF 2012)(IMF 2012)

azerbaijani

saqarTvelo

ruseTi

ukraina

somxeTi

11


reziume

reziume

sxvadasxva regionsa da mosaxleobis jgufSi. Semosavlebis uTanabroba maRalia; Sefasebebis mixedviT 2011 wels Gini-s koeficienti iyo 0.42.

arsebuli monacemebi miuTiTeben, arsebuli monacemebi miuTiTeben, rom aqtivebisa da ZiriTadi momsax-rom aqtivebisa da ZiriTadi momsax-urebis xelmisawvdomoba aseve Sez -urebis xelmisawvdomoba aseve Sez -Rudulia mosaxleobis zogierTi Rudulia mosaxleobis zogierTi jgufisaTvis. maT socialur da po-jgufisaTvis. maT socialur da po-litikur cxovrebaSi CarTvis nak-litikur cxovrebaSi CarTvis nak-lebi SesaZleblobebi aqvT.lebi SesaZleblobebi aqvT. 90-ian wlebSi samxreT oseTsa da afxazeT-Si mimdinare omebisa da 2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos konfliqtis Sem-deg saqarTveloSi amJamad 258 595iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli piria, xolo qveynis mTeli mosaxleoba 4.5milionia. yvelaze mZime da saswrafo problemaa sacxovrisis araadekva-turi mdgomareoba da umuSevrobis maRali done. socialuri gariyulo-bis yvelaze maRali riskis winaSe unarSezRuduli pirebi dganan. 2011wels saqarTveloSi registrirebuli iyo 129 599 unarSezRuduli piri.dasaqmebis done Zalian dabalia, xolo ganaTlebisa da samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba Sez-Rudulia fizikuri dabrkolebebis, socialuri damokidebulebis gamo da finansuri problemebiT. dabolos, maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxleobis didi nawili dasaqmebulia soflis

meurneobaSi, romelic xasiaTdeba dabali produqtiulobiT, dabali SemosavlebiT da ZiriTadad sakuTar moxmarebas uzrunvelyofs. cudad gan-viTarebuli infrastruqtura xels uSlis produqciis gatanas bazrebze da zRudavs samedicino momsaxurebi-sa da ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomobas maRalmTian regionebSi.

saqarTvelos mTavrobam mosaxleobis saqarTvelos mTavrobam mosaxleobis konkretul jgufebTan mimarTebiT konkretul jgufebTan mimarTebiT ramdenime sferoSi mizanmimarTuli ramdenime sferoSi mizanmimarTuli saxelmwifo politika gaatara. saxelmwifo politika gaatara. reg-istrirebuli iZulebiT gadaadgile-buli pirebisaTvis gamoiyo yovel-Tviuri Semweoba, droebiTi Tav-Sesafrebi da dasamuSavebeli miwis nakveTebi; maT SesaZlebloba aqvT miiRon ufaso dawyebiTi da saSualo ganaTleba da daxmareba samuSaos mosaZebnad. registrirebuli unar-

SezRuduli pirebi iReben pensias in-validobis xarisxis mixedviT. ufro metic, saqarTvelos mTavrobis inici-ativiT ganxorcielda programebi un-arSezRuduli pirebis socialuri in-tegraciis mizniT. amis sapirispirod maRalmTiani regionebisaTvis raime specifikuri proeqtebi jerjero-biT ar ganxorcielebula. socialur daxmarebas iReben is Raribi ojaxebi, romlebmac gancxadeba Seitanes da monacemTa bazaSi daregistrirdnen. Sefasebis Sedegad miRebuli qulebis safuZvelze beneficiarebs eZlevaT saarsebo Semweoba, janmrTelobis dazRvevis vauCerebi da/an ele-qtroenergiis subsidiebi.

koncefciuri CarCo

farTo gagebiT, ojaxis keTildReo-farTo gagebiT, ojaxis keTildReo-ba ekonomikur da socialur keTil-ba ekonomikur da socialur keTil-dReobas gulisxmobs da garkveu-dReobas gulisxmobs da garkveu-li drois ganmavlobaSi yalibdeba li drois ganmavlobaSi yalibdeba ojaxebis demografiuli Semadgenlo-ojaxebis demografiuli Semadgenlo-bisa da socialur-ekonomikuri mdgo-bisa da socialur-ekonomikuri mdgo-mareobis cvlilebis kvaldakval. mareobis cvlilebis kvaldakval. ojaxis keTildReoba gansazRvrulia rogorc mis mier ZiriTadi saqon-lis/momsaxurebis mopovebis unari da ekonomikur, socialur da samo-qalaqo cxovrebaSi srulfasovani monawileobis SesaZlebloba. ojaxe-bi eqvemdebarebian garkveul riskebs, ramac materializaciis SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba zemoqmedeba moaxdinos maTs ke TildReobaze. sxvadasxva ojaxis mowyvladoba riskebis mimarT ara-Tanabaria; agreTve araTanabaria is zemoqmedeba, romelsac Sokuri mov-lena sxvadasxva ojaxze axdens.

keTildReobis cnebis farTo gagebis keTildReobis cnebis farTo gagebis safuZvelze am kvlevaSi gamoyenebul safuZvelze am kvlevaSi gamoyenebul iqna mowyvladobis mimarT mraval-iqna mowyvladobis mimarT mraval-ganzomilebiani midgoma, romelic ganzomilebiani midgoma, romelic ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyv-ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyv-ladobis diferencirebas gulisx-ladobis diferencirebas gulisx-mobs.mobs. ekonomikuri mowyvladoba aris gaRaribebis riski an cxovrebis saTa-nado standartis SenarCunebis uun-aroba Sokis SemTxvevaSi. socialuri mowyvladoba ekonomikur, socialur da samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi srulfa-sovani monawileobis SeuZleblobis

12


riskia. amrigad, ekonomikuri mowyv-ladoba erTdroulad aris Sedegic da sxva saxis deprivaciis gamomwvevi mizezic, romelic xels uwyobs so-cialur mowyvladobas.

ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyv-ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyv-ladobis xarisxi dakavSirebulia ladobis xarisxi dakavSirebulia ojaxis mowyvladobasTan riskis mi-ojaxis mowyvladobasTan riskis mi-marT da mdgradobasTan Sokis mimarT. marT da mdgradobasTan Sokis mimarT. riskis arseboba zrdis mowyvlado-bas, radgan momavali gaurkveveli xdeba. rac ufro maRalia Sokis al-baToba, miT ufro maRalia daucv-eloba. Sokis SemTxvevaSi ojaxis mdgradoba damokidebulia mis xelT arsebul resursebsa da maTi gamoy-enebis SesaZleblobaze. farTo gage-biT, resursebis qveS igulisxmeba finansuri resursebi, produqtiuli aqtivebi, adamianuri kapitali da so-cialuri resursebi. resursebis gam-oyenebis SesaZlebloba gulisxmobs bazrebis, saxelmwifo momsaxurebisa da socialuri resursebis xelmis-awvdomobas. rac ufro metia sawyisi resursebi da ukeTesia gacvlis Sesa-Zleblobebi, miT ufro meti albaTo-baa, rom ojaxi Tavis dacvas SeZlebs Sokis SemTxvevaSi.

ojaxis mowyvladobaze SeiZleba ojaxis mowyvladobaze SeiZleba agre Tve zegavlena moaxdinos ojax-agre Tve zegavlena moaxdinos ojax-is Semadgenlobam da misi wevrebis is Semadgenlobam da misi wevrebis pirovnulma Tvisebebma. pirovnulma Tvisebebma. TiToeul ojaxs Tavisi prioritetebi aqvs da

upiratesobas sxvadasxva rames ani-Webs, rac ganapirobebs yoveli mo-cemuli resursis SedarebiT mniS-vnelobas. es prioritetebi gansaz-Rvravs aseve ojaxis xelT arsebuli resursebis gamoyenebasTan da Sokis daZlevis strategiis arCevasTan da-kavSirebul gadawyvetilebebs.

meTodologia da monacemebi

koncefciuri CarCos safuZvelze da-koncefciuri CarCos safuZvelze da-d genil iqna sferoebi, indikatorebi d genil iqna sferoebi, indikatorebi da zRvruli niSnulebi TiToeuli da zRvruli niSnulebi TiToeuli ganzomilebisaTvis, rogorebicaa: ganzomilebisaTvis, rogorebicaa: oja xis resursebi, resursebis gamo-oja xis resursebi, resursebis gamo-yenebis unari, daucveloba riskis yenebis unari, daucveloba riskis mimarT da misi daZlevis strategia. mimarT da misi daZlevis strategia. amis Semdeg yovelive es morgebul amis Semdeg yovelive es morgebul iqna saqarTvelos realobaze qvey-iqna saqarTvelos realobaze qvey-nis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT. nis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT. in-

dikatorebi da zRvruli niSnulebi ganisazRvra saqarTveloSi arsebuli socialur-ekonomikuri pirobebis, gavrcelebuli normebisa da Sexed-ulebebis gaTvaliswinebiT. mowyv-ladobis mravalganzomilebiani in-deqsebi SemuSavda or ganzomilebas-Tan – kerZod, ojaxis resursebTan da maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebTan mimarTebiT.

es kvleva ganxorcielda Sereuli es kvleva ganxorcielda Sereuli meTodis meSveobiT, romlis drosac meTodis meSveobiT, romlis drosac gamoiyeneba rogorc xarisxobrivi, gamoiyeneba rogorc xarisxobrivi, aseve raodenobrivi monacemebi. aseve raodenobrivi monacemebi. ra-odenobrivi analizisaTvis gamoy-enebul iqna saqarTvelos statisti-kis erovnuli samsaxuris mier 2011wlis meoTxe kvartalSi Catarebuli gamokiTxvis – „saojaxo biujetis kvlevis“ – Sedegebi. amas daemata mowyvladobis specialuri modu-li, romelic sagangebod am kvle-vis miznebisaTvis SemuSavda. aseTi saxis gamokiTxvebisaTvis SerCeuli ojaxebis standartuli raodenoba gaizarda 500 ojaxiT TiToeuli samizne jgufisaTvis. amis Sedegad gamokiTxvaSi monawile ojaxebis mTlianma raodenobam 4 301 ojaxi Seadgina. garda amisa, samizne jgufebis winaSe arsebuli dab-rkolebebis, xelisSemSleli faq-torebis, riskebisa da maTi daZlevis strategiis Sesaxeb meti informaciis miRebisa da ukeT gaazrebis mizniT

sxvadasxva samizne jgufis warmomad-genelTan Catarda ufro siRrmiseu-li gasaubreba da jgufuri diskus-iebi.

ZiriTadi Sedegebi

resursebis xelmisawvdomoba mniS-resursebis xelmisawvdomoba mniS-vnelovanwilad gansazRvravs ojaxe-vnelovanwilad gansazRvravs ojaxe-bis mier SokTan gamklavebis unars bis mier SokTan gamklavebis unars da Sesabamisad – maTs ekonomikur da Sesabamisad – maTs ekonomikur da socialur mowyvladobas.da socialur mowyvladobas. ojax-is xelT arsebul resursebSi igu-lisxmeba finansuri, fizikuri, ada-mianuri da socialuri resursebi.TiToeuli saxis resursi ojaxs sxvadasxva gziT azRvevs. sakmarisi finansuri da fizikuri resursebis xelmisawvdomoba SesaZleblobas aZ-levs ojaxs produqtebisa da mom-saxurebis ufro Tanabari moxmare-

reziume

reziume

13


ba SeinarCunos garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi, rac amcirebs Sokis Sedegad misi finansuri resursebis mniSvnelovani Semcirebisa da gaRa-ribebis risks. adamianuri resurse-bi gansazRvravs awmyosa da moma-valSi ojaxis mier Semosavlebis miRebis SesaZleblobebs. dabolos, socialuri resursebi mniSvnelova-nia ojaxis socialuri CarTulobisa da Temis cxovrebaSi monawileobisaT-

vis. mWidro socialuri kavSirebis xelmisawvdomoba xelsayrelia Sokis SemTxvevaSi. es SeiZleba daexmaros ojaxis wevrebs (axali) samsaxuris ZiebaSi an araoficialuri finansuri daxmarebis miRebaSi, an, ubralod, gamoyenebul iqnes ojaxis mier ro-gorc informaciis wyaro.

finansur resursebTanfinansur resursebTan mimarTebiT mimarTebiT ojaxis mowyvladobis mTavari gan-ojaxis mowyvladobis mTavari gan-msazRvreli faqtorebia ojaxis si-msazRvreli faqtorebia ojaxis si-dide da struqtura, Semosavlis tipi dide da struqtura, Semosavlis tipi da ekonomikuri mdgomareoba.da ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. saSua-lod, mosaxleobis 36% iseT ojaxeb-Si cxovrobs, romelTa saSualo mox-mareba saarsebo minimumze dabalia; 61%-s ar aqvs Tvis bolos danazo-gebis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba; 22%-s aqvs bankis an romelime piris vali da 22%-s ar aqvs stabiluri xelfasi an xandazmulobis pensia. siRaribeSi

aRmoCenis albaToba izrdeba ojaxis zrdasruli wevrebisa da bavSvebis ricxvis zrdasTan erTad. gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs isic, Tu sad cxov-robs ojaxi. soflad saarsebo mini-mumze dabali moxmarebis riski ufro maRalia. kaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi mcxovrebi ojaxebis SemTxvevaSi fu-ladi resursebis naklebobis ris-ki ufro maRalia, vidre TbilisSi mcxovrebi msgavsi ojaxebis SemTx-

vevaSi. saarsebo minimumze dabali moxmarebis riski ufro maRalia im ojaxebSi, romlebic damokidebulni arian sxvadasxva socialur daxmare-baze, garda pensiebisa. bunebrivia, rom dasaqmeba dadebiT zemoqmedebas axdens ojaxis mier produqtebisa da momsaxurebis moxmarebis doneze. rac ufro maRalia dasaqmebuli wev rebis wili, miT ufro dabalia siRaribis riski. igive SeiZleba iTqvas saxel-faso Semosavlebzec. xelfasis saxiT miRebuli Semosavali dadebiTad aisaxeba ojaxis mier danazogebis Senaxvis SesaZleblobaze. meore mxriv, Tu ojaxi Semosavals iRebs so-cialuri daxmarebis saxiT an soflis meurneobaSi TviTdasaqmebis Sede-gad, valebis warmoqmnis albaToba ufro maRalia. es kidev ufro zrdis amgvari ojaxebis mowyvladobas fi-nansuri resursebis TvalsazrisiT.

90%90%

50%50%

80%80%

40%40%

70%70%

30%30%

10%10%

60%60%

20%20%

00%00%

miwisa da saxlis arqonamiwisa da saxlis arqona

ojaxi ar flobs miwas ojaxi ar flobs saxls

CveulebriviCveulebrivi maRalmTiani maRalmTiani regioniregioni

qalaqiqalaqidevnilidevnili RaribiRaribi sofelisofeliunarSezRu-unarSezRu-duliduli

araRaribiaraRaribi sulsul

reziume

reziume

14


mosaxleobis im mosaxleobis im 3 kategoriisaTvis, kategoriisaTvis, romelzec mocemuli angariSi ake-romelzec mocemuli angariSi ake-Tebs aqcents – iZulebiT gadaadg-Tebs aqcents – iZulebiT gadaadg-ilebuli, unarSezRuduli pirebis ilebuli, unarSezRuduli pirebis ojaxebisa da maRalmTiani regionebis ojaxebisa da maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxleobisaTvis – finansuri riski mosaxleobisaTvis – finansuri riski ar aris gansakuTrebulad maRali ar aris gansakuTrebulad maRali sxva Cveulebrivi ojaxebis finansur sxva Cveulebrivi ojaxebis finansur riskebTan SedarebiT. riskebTan SedarebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom, erTi SexedviT, siRari-bis maCvenebeli yvelaze maRalia iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs Soris, fuladi saxsrebis deficitsa da, zogadad, finansur mowyvladobas gacilebiT metad ganapirobeben sxva ufro Zlieri faqtorebi, magaliTad, maTi sacxovrebeli adgili. ufro metic, kerZo saxlebSi dasaxlebuli iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi xSirad met Semosavals iReben Cveu-lebrivi wyaroebidan da Sesabamisad naklebad mowyvladni arian am Tval-sazrisiT. iseT ojaxebSi, romlebSic arian unarSezRuduli pirebi, valis albaToba 5%-iT ufro maRalia Cveu-lebriv ojaxebTan SedarebiT, magram isini naklebad mowyvladni arian Semosavlis regularobis Tvalsaz-risiT. imis gamo, rom unarSezRudu-li pirebis ojaxebSi xandazmuli wevrebis raodenoba ufro metia, isini Cveulebriv ojaxebze ufro xSirad iReben xandazmulobis pen-sias. miuxedavad imisa, rom maRalm-Tian regionebSi mcxovrebi ojaxebi ZiriTadad soflis meurneobiT ir-

Cenen Tavs, finansur resursebTan mimarTebiT isini saSualo ojaxebze ufro mowyvladni ar arian.

fizikuri fizikuri resursebisresursebis WrilSi mowyv- WrilSi mowyv-ladoba gansakuTrebiT gamoxatu-ladoba gansakuTrebiT gamoxatu-lia iseT iZulebiT gadaadgilebul lia iseT iZulebiT gadaadgilebul ojaxebs Soris, romlebsac ar aqvT ojaxebs Soris, romlebsac ar aqvT miwa, Sinauri pirutyvi an saxli. miwa, Sinauri pirutyvi an saxli. sa-Sualod, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 40%-s ar aqvs miwa, 49%-s ar hyavs Sinauri pirutyvi, magram mxolod 9%-s ar aqvs sacxovrebeli saxli.iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli ojaxebis SemTxvevaSi situacia absoluturad sapirispiroa. 60%-ze mets ar aqvs sa-kuTari sacxovrisi da 80%-ze mets ar aqvs miwa an ar hyavs Sinauri piru-tyvi. analizis dros meti faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebis SemTxvevaSi Sinauri pirutyvis yola mniSvnelobas kar-gavs, magram miwisa da saxlis qona Tu

arqona mainc mniSvnelovani sxvaobis gamomwvev mizezad rCeba. iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli ojaxebi iZulebul-ni gaxdnen TavianTi saxlebi daetove-binaT. maTgan mxolod mcire nawilma SeZlo axali sacxovreblis SeZena.Cveulebriv ojaxebTan SedarebiT, kerZo saxlebSi mcxovrebi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli ojaxebis mier axa-li sacxovreblis SeZenis Sansi 14%-iT naklebia. rac Seexeba sacxovri-sis xarisxs, analizi adasturebs, rom kerZo saxlebSi mcxovrebi iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli ojaxebis sacxovre-blebis xarisxi dabalia. maTs sacxovreblebs ufro xSirad ar aqvT normaluri iataki, kedlebi da saxur-avi. rac Seexeba koleqtiur centrebs, aq udidesi problema dasaxlebulTa simWidrovea. Cveulebriv ojaxebTan SedarebiT, mWidrod dasaxlebul bi-naSi cxovrebis riski 24%-iT ufro maRalia koleqtiur centrebSi mcxov rebi iZulebiT gadaadgilebu-li oja xebis SemTxvevaSi.

maRalmTian regionebSi mcxovreb ojaxebs naklebi albaToba aqvT hqondeT sakuTari saxli, magram amave dros Cveulebriv ojaxebTan SedarebiT 7%-iT meti Sansi aqvT hyavdeT saqoneli. unarSezRudulTa ojaxebis mowyvladoba am kategori-aSi gansakuTrebiT maRali ar aris.sxva mniSvnelovan ganmapirobebel faqtorebs Sorisaa qalaqSi/sofel-

Si cxovreba, ganaTlebis done da dasaqmebul wevrTa wili.

adamianuri adamianuri resursebisresursebis WrilSi WrilSi mosax leobis samive jgufisaTvis mosax leobis samive jgufisaTvis ZiriTadi problema janmrTelobaa.ZiriTadi problema janmrTelobaa.qronikuli daavadebis mqone ojaxis wevri hyavs Cveulebrivi ojaxebis 45%-s, unarSezRudulTa ojaxebis 91%-sa da iZulebiT gadaadgileb-uli ojaxebis 66%-s. aseve unarSez-RudulTa da iZulebiT gadaadgile-bulTa ojaxebi xSirad Tavis janmr-Telobas afaseben rogorc cuds an Zalian cuds. Tu sxva Tanabar pi-robebSi janmrTelobis problemis albaToba Cveulebriv ojaxebTan Se-darebiT 14%-iT maRalia iZulebiT gadaadgilebulTa ojaxebSi, 26%-iT maRalia unarSezRudulTa ojaxebSi da 11%-iT maRalia maRalmTian re-gionSi mcxovreb iZulebiT gadaadg-

reziume

reziume

15


ilebulTa ojaxebSi. janmrTelobis maCvenebelze uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdens agreTve ojaxis ufrosis asa-kic. rac ufro xandazmulia ojaxis ufrosi, miT ufro meti albaTobaa, rom ojaxma janmrTelobis mdgo-mareoba uaryofiTad Seafasos.

dasaqmebasa da ganaTlebasTan dakav-Sirebuli indikatorebi naklebadaa damokidebuli imaze, Tu mosaxleobis romel jgufs ekuTvnis ojaxi. ojax-is wevrebis ganaTlebis donesa da dasaqmebaze ZiriTadad zemoqmedebas axdens maTi cxovrebis adgili (qa-laqi/sofeli) da fuladi Semosava-lebis simwire. qalaqSi mcxovrebi ojaxebis ganaTlebis done saSualod ufro maRalia sofelSi mcxovreb ojaxebTan SedarebiT; agreTve mniS-vnelovnad maRalia albaToba, rom qalaqSi mcxovrebi ojaxis erT wevrs

mainc hqondes oficialuri samsax-uri. finansuri resursebis simwire mWidro kavSirSia ganaTlebis dabal donesTan da Tundac erTi dasaqme-buli piris aryolasTan.

socialur resursebTan mimarTe-socialur resursebTan mimarTe-biT mowyvladoba sustadaa asoci-biT mowyvladoba sustadaa asoci-rebuli imasTan, Tu mosaxleobis rebuli imasTan, Tu mosaxleobis romel jgufs miekuTvneba ojaxi. romel jgufs miekuTvneba ojaxi. so-cialuri resursebi ojaxis mTliani resursebis bolo kategoriaa. masSi gaTvaliswinebulia megobrebisa da naTesavebis socialuri statusi, me-diis xelmisawvdomoba, sxva adamian-ebTan kontaqtis done da Temis sxva wevrebTan urTierTobis SesaZle-blobebi. analizis Sedegad gamov-linda zogierTi TvalsaCino gam-onaklisi. maRali sazogadoebrivi statusis mqone megobrebisa da naTe-savebis yola SeiZleba mniSvnelovani

100%100%

80%80%

60%60%

40%40%

20%20%

90%90% 19.8% 22.2% 21.8%29.1%

21.2%30.4%

16.7%

15.0% 10.2%22.6% 8.2%

14.3%

9.4%

17.8%

30.3%

34.8%

42.3%

25.3%

29.0%

26.6%

46.2%

16.6%

33.3%

31.2%

37.0%

23.3%

26.0%

39.5%

70%70%

50%50%

30%30%

10%10%

0%0%

mowyvladobis zogadi suraTi (ormxrivi mowyvladoba)mowyvladobis zogadi suraTi (ormxrivi mowyvladoba)

ar aris mowyvladi

mowyvladia wvdomis mimarT

mowyvladia resursebisa da wvdomis mimarT

mowyvladia resursebis mimarT


devnilidevnili RaribiRaribiunarSezRu-unarSezRu-duliduli


reziume

reziume

16


sasargeblo resursi iyos gaWirvebis dros. am garemoebam SeiZleba gau-advilos ojaxs samsaxuris Sovna da agreTve xelmisawvdomi gaxados safi-nanso an produqtebis bazrebi. 12%-iT meti albaTobaa, rom koleqtiu-rad dasaxlebul iZulebiT gadaadg-ilebul pirebs ar hyavdeT maRali socialuri statusis mqone pirovneba Tavis socialur kavSirebSi. es gasak-viri ar aris, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom isini sazogadoebaSi SedarebiT gariyulni arian da koleqtiurad Casaxlebuli pirebis socialuri sta tusi sakmaod erTgvarovania. sxva oja xebTan SedarebiT, Raribi ojaxe-bi ufro metad grZnoben Tavs sazoga-doebisagan gariyulad da ganicdian sicarielis SegrZnebas. finansur gaWi rvebasTan erTad maTi social-uri gariyulobis albaTobac ufro

maRalia. kontaqtebis raodenobaze dadebiTad moqmedebs ojaxis wevrTa simravle, sulerTia, iqnebian eseni zrdasruli wevrebi Tu bavSvebi.

resursebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblo-resursebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblo-baba Sokis mimarT ojaxis medegobis Sokis mimarT ojaxis medegobis ganmapirobebeli meore komponen-ganmapirobebeli meore komponen-tia. igi damokidebulia bazrebis, tia. igi damokidebulia bazrebis, sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebisa da sazogadoebrivi momsaxurebisa da socialuri kavSirebis xelmisawvdo-socialuri kavSirebis xelmisawvdo-mobaze. mobaze. resursebis xelmisawvdomoba da maTi gamoyenebis SesaZleblobe-bi saboloo jamSi ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvladobis dones gansazRvravs. finansuri bazrebis xel misawvdomoba SeiZleba daexma-ros ojaxs garkveuli periodis gan-mavlobaSi erT doneze SeinarCunos produqtebisa da momsaxurebis mox-mareba, xolo produqtebisa da Sro-

100%100%

80%80%

60%60%

40%40%

20%20%

90%90%

70%70%

50%50%

30%30%

10%10%

0%0%

Soki, Tumca zemoqmedebis gareSe

Soki da uaryofiTi zemoqmedeba

Soks ar hqonia adgili

Soki da zemoqmedebaSoki da zemoqmedeba

50.3% 69.1%58.9% 61.1%

56.0%

60.9%

53.0%

9.6%

8.8%

5.7%8.5%

9.3%

13.7%

9.7%

40.2%22.2%

35.4%30.3%

34.8%25.4%

37.3%


devnilidevnili RaribiRaribiunarSezRu-unarSezRu-duliduli


reziume

reziume

17


mis bazrebis xelmisawvdomoba ojaxs Tavisi adamianuri resursebis real-izaciis saSualebas aZlevs. sxvadasx-va saxis sazogadoebrivi momsax-urebis (ganaTlebisa da samedicino momsaxurebis) xelmisawvdomobas kri-tikuli mniSvneloba aqvs ojaxSi ada-mianuri kapitalis SesanarCuneb lad.dabolos, socialuri kavSirebis gamoyenebis SesaZlebloba SeiZleba mniSvnelovani finansuri, fizikuri da emociuri daxmarebis wyaro gaxdes krizisis dros.

bazris wvdomasTanbazris wvdomasTan dakavSirebuli dakavSirebuli mowyvladoba ufro mkveTradaa gamo-mowyvladoba ufro mkveTradaa gamo-xatuli Rarib ojaxebs Soris. am xatuli Rarib ojaxebs Soris. am saxis mowyvladobis xarisxisaTvis saxis mowyvladobis xarisxisaTvis mniSvneloba ar aqvs, Tu mosaxleobis mniSvneloba ar aqvs, Tu mosaxleobis romel jgufs miekuTvneba ojaxi – romel jgufs miekuTvneba ojaxi – iZulebiT gadaadgilebul mosaxleo-iZulebiT gadaadgilebul mosaxleo-bas, unarSezRuduli piris ojaxs bas, unarSezRuduli piris ojaxs Tu maRalmTian regionSi mcxovreb Tu maRalmTian regionSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas. mosaxleobas. mosaxleobis am 3 jgu-fisadmi mikuTvneba ar auaresebs maT mier bazris wvdomis xarisxs Cveulebriv ojaxebTan SedarebiT.mTlianobaSi, mosaxleobis 66%-s xeli ar miuwvdeba arcerTi saxis ker Zo satransporto saSualebebze.Sromis bazarTan dakavSirebuli per-speqtivebi sakmaod pesimisturia. mo-saxleobis 55% miiCnevs, rom amJamad saqarTveloSi samuSaos Sovna Zalian Znelia. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom rogorc koleqtiurad Casaxlebuli,

aseve kerZo saxlebSi mcxovrebi iZu -lebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi uke-Tesad arian dakavSirebulni fi-nansur bazrebTan. amis miuxedavad, sagangebo garemoebebis SemTxvevaSi koleqtiurad Casaxlebul iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs ufro metad uWirT saWiro Tanxis swrafad moZie-ba, vidre sxva ojaxebs. meore mxriv, finansuri siduxWire mniSvnelovnad zRudavs bazrebis xelmisawvdomobas.es mowyvladoba agreTve maRalia is-eTi ojaxebisaTvis, romelTa ufrosi qalia. sagangebo garemoebebis Sem-TxvevaSi aseT ojaxebs ufro metad uWirT saWiro Tanxis swrafad moZie-ba; maT agreTve naklebad miuwvdebaT xeli satransporto saSualebebze, rac arTulebs maT mier sxvadasxva saxis bazrisa da momsaxurebis wvdo-mas.

momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobasTan momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobasTan dakavSirebuli mowyvladoba Sedare-dakavSirebuli mowyvladoba Sedare-biT dabalia maRalmTiani regionebi-biT dabalia maRalmTiani regionebi-sa da Raribi mosaxleobis SemTxveva-sa da Raribi mosaxleobis SemTxveva-Si, maSin rodesac unarSezRudulTa Si, maSin rodesac unarSezRudulTa oja xebisaTvis es maCvenebeli ar oja xebisaTvis es maCvenebeli ar gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi ojaxebis gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi ojaxebis maCveneblisagan.maCveneblisagan. samedicino dawese-bulebebis arsebobis miuxedavad, janmrTelobis dazRvevas (romelic mosaxleobas samedicino momsaxure-biT sargeblobas gauadvilebda) jer kidev mocvis Zalian SezRuduli are-ali aqvs. SeWirvebulTa TiTqmis 40%Tavs ikavebs socialuri daxmarebis moTxovnisagan, miuxedavad imisa, rom am tipis daxmareba maT namdvilad sWirdebaT. amave dros, Cveulebriv ojaxebTan SedarebiT, maRalmTian regionSi mcxovreb ojaxebs Soris mniSvnelovnad mcirea iseTebis ricx-vi, romlebsac samedicino dazRveva ar aqvT da socialur daxmarebas ar iTxoven (11% da 12% Sesabam-isad). igive SeiZleba iTqvas Rarib ojaxebsa da koleqtiurad Casaxle-bul iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pire-bze. gaWirvebis SemTxvevaSi kerZo saxlebSi dasaxlebuli iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi socialur daxmarebas naklebad iTxoven. bavS-viani ojaxebi momsaxurebas ufro metad iyeneben. bavSvian ojaxebs So-ris janmrTelobis dazRvevis mqone ojaxebis ricxvi ufro maRalia da isini ufro xSirad iTxoven social-

ur daxmarebas gaWirvebis dros.

socialur resursebTan mimarTebiT socialur resursebTan mimarTebiT mowyvladobis maCveneblebi zogadad mowyvladobis maCveneblebi zogadad dabalia. dabalia. mosaxleobis mxolod 15%ar monawileobs aranair gaerTianeba-Si Temis doneze da mxolod 2%-s ar hyavs emociuri daxmarebis aRmomCeni piri. kerZo saxlebSi dasaxlebul iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebs so-cialuri kavSirebis meSveobiT dax-marebis miRebis ufro meti SesaZle-bloba aqvT, Tumca am marginaluri zemoqmedebis efeqti mxolod 1%-dan 3%-mde meryeobs. ufro metic, siRa-ribe zrdis aseTi saxis daxmarebis deficitis albaTobas da amave dros zrdis maT mier gaerTianebebSi monaw-ileobis albaTobas.

reziume

reziume

18


mTlianobaSi, ojaxis materialuri mTlianobaSi, ojaxis materialuri mdgomareoba gacilebiT ufro Zlier mdgomareoba gacilebiT ufro Zlier zemoqmedebas axdens mis ekonomikur zemoqmedebas axdens mis ekonomikur da socialur mowyvladobaze. Rarib da socialur mowyvladobaze. Rarib ojaxSi mcxovrebi adamianebi gacile-ojaxSi mcxovrebi adamianebi gacile-biT ufro mowyvladni arian adami-biT ufro mowyvladni arian adami-anur resursebTan da resursebis anur resursebTan da resursebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebTan mima-gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebTan mima-rTebiT. rTebiT. iZulebiT gadaadgilebul ojaxebs Soris miwisa da saxlis me-sakuTreTa raodenoba aSkarad ufro naklebia, Tumca aq aucilebelia erT-maneTisagan ganvasxvaoT koleqtiu-rad da kerZo saxlebSi dasaxlebuli iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi.es adasturebs wina kvlevebis Sede-gebs da raodenobrivi kvlevis Sede-gebs. maRalmTian regionSi mcxovreb ojaxebs xSirad hyavT Sinauri pi-rutyvi, rac bunebrivia, radganac mesaqonleoba mTaSi ojaxis Semo-savlis erT-erTi ZiriTadi wyaroa.rac Seexeba adamianur resursebs, kvlevis Sedegebi gviCvenebs, rom mo-saxleobis am 3 jgufSi janmrTelo-basTan dakavSirebuli mowyvladoba mniSvnelovnad maRalia, vid re Cveu-lebriv ojaxebSi. isini ufro xSirad afaseben Tavis janmrTelobis md-gomareobas rogorc cuds an Zalian cuds. warsulSi gadatanili travme-bi da amJamindeli sacxovrisis mdgo-mareoba xSirad auaresebs iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis janmrT-elobas. rac Seexeba maRalmTian re-gionebs, miRebuli Sedegebi SeiZleba

ukavSirdebodes demografiul mdgo-mareobas da xandazmuli mosaxleo-bis did wils. samedicino daxmarebis miRebasTan dakavSirebuli sirTulee-bi (iqneba es gamowveuli finansuri resursebis simwiriT, arasaTanado dazRveviTa Tu TemSi xarisxiani sa-medicino momsaxurebis ukmarisobiT)kidev ufro zrdis janmrTelobas-Tan dakavSirebul mowyvladobas. es sakiTxi xSirad „Tematuri jgufebis diskusiebis“ drosac wamoiWra.

mravalganzomilebiani mowyvlado-mravalganzomilebiani mowyvlado-bis analizma gamoavlina, rom mowyv-bis analizma gamoavlina, rom mowyv-ladoba resursebis mimarT Sedar-ladoba resursebis mimarT Sedar-ebiT ufro gavrcelebulia, vidre ebiT ufro gavrcelebulia, vidre mowyvladoba resursebTan wvdomis mowyvladoba resursebTan wvdomis mimarT. mimarT. SemuSavebul iqna mowyv-ladobis 2 mravalganzomilebiani indeqsi, riTac fasdeboda mowyv-ladoba resursebTan da resursebis

gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. TiTo-euli ganzomilebisTvis dadgenil iqna indeqsi, Sesabamisad, 10 da 7 maCveneblis CaTvliT. ojaxi miiC-neva mowyvladad, Tu is mowyvladia maCveneblebis 30%-is mimarT mainc.mTlianad, mosaxleobis 54% mowyv-ladia resursebis mimarT, 36% ki – resursebTan wvdomis mimarT. saSua-lod, fizikuri pirebi mowyvladni arian resursebis 10 maCveneblidan 4.2-is mimarT da wvdomis 7 maCvene-blidan 3.3-is mimarT. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 21% mowyvladia orive ganzomilebaSi da mowyvladobis maCvenebeli umaRlesia iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa ojaxebSi (30%).

jgufis wevroba naklebad asrulebs jgufis wevroba naklebad asrulebs mravalganzomilebiani mowyvlado-mravalganzomilebiani mowyvlado-bis ganmsazRvrelis rols, magram bis ganmsazRvrelis rols, magram siRaribis statusi am TvalsazrisiT siRaribis statusi am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania. mniSvnelovania. ikveTeba 2 gamon-aklisi: iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi koleqtiuri Casaxlebis adg-ilebSi, savaraudod, 12%-iT ufro metad mowyvladni arian resursebis mimarT, maSin rodesac maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxleoba 11%-iT ufro metad mowyvladia resursebTan wvdomis mimarT, vidre Cveulebrivi ojaxebi. kidev erTxel unda aRin-iSnos, rom ojaxis fuladi siRari-bis statusi mravalganzomilebiani mowyvladobis ukeTesi ganmsazRvre-

lia rogorc resursebTan, ise gacv-lis SesaZleblobebTan mimarTebiT.ufro metic, ganaTlebis maRali done dakavSirebulia mowyvladobis Semcirebul albaTobasTan. ojaxSi dasaqmebul wevrTa didi wili da xelfasis saxiT an TviTdasaqmebidan miRebuli Semosavali aseve amcirebs mowyvladobas.

ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyv-ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyv-ladoba ara marto arasakmarisi ladoba ara marto arasakmarisi resursebis an gacvlis SesaZleblo-resursebis an gacvlis SesaZleblo-bebTan wvdomis ararsebobis Sedegia, bebTan wvdomis ararsebobis Sedegia, aramed maTze gavlenas axdens ojaxze aramed maTze gavlenas axdens ojaxze uaryofiTi Sokis zemoqmedebis alba-uaryofiTi Sokis zemoqmedebis alba-Tobac. Tobac. Sokis zemoqmedebasTan daka-vSirebiT unda aRiniSnos, rom unar-SezRudul pirTa ojaxebi, savarau-dod, ufro metad ganicdidnen ojax-Tan dakavSirebul Soks ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi, maSin rodesac

reziume

reziume

19


kerZo saxlebSi dasaxlebuli iZule-biT gadaadgilebul pirTa ojaxebi ufro maRali albaTobiT ganicdid-nen saarsebo wyaroebis dakargvasTan dakavSirebuli Sokis zemoqmedebas, rogoricaa, magaliTad, iZulebiT gadaadgileba bolo 5 wlis ganmav-lobaSi.

Sokis zemoqmedeba ganapirobebs oja-xebis socialur da ekonomikur mowyv-ladobas. mTeli mosaxleobis 65%-ma erTi Soki mainc ganicada. unarSez-Rudul pirTa ojaxebi, savaraudod, 10%-iT ufro metad ganicdidnen ojaxTan dakavSirebuli Sokis zemo-qmedebas bolo 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi.kerZo saxlebSi iZulebiT gadaadg-ilebuli pirebisTvis saarsebo wyaroebis dakargvasTan dakavSire-buli Sokis albaToba 15%-iT ufro maRalia. imgvari maxasiaTeblebi, rogorebicaa: ojaxis ufrosis asaki, sqesi an siRaribis statusi, rogorc Cans, am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani araa.

yvela ojaxidan, romelmac miuTiTa, yvela ojaxidan, romelmac miuTiTa, rom uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis mqone rom uaryofiTi zemoqmedebis mqone erTi Soki mainc ganicada, erTi Soki mainc ganicada, 1010-dan -dan 4-s -s araferi gaukeTebia am Sedegebis Ses-araferi gaukeTebia am Sedegebis Ses-asusteblad. maRalmTiani regionebis asusteblad. maRalmTiani regionebis ojaxebs Soris ojaxebs Soris 50%50%-sac ki ar gamouy--sac ki ar gamouy-enebia raime strategia SokTan gas-enebia raime strategia SokTan gas-amklaveblad.amklaveblad. Sokis dasaZlevad oja-xebi iyeneben sxvadasxva strategias,

magaliTad, cdiloben gazardon resu rsebi an gegmaven xarjebis Sem-cirebas, an orive xerxs erTad mimar-Taven. resursebis zrdis gavrcele-buli strategiaa valis aReba. es ar exeba maRalmTiani regionebis ojaxebs, romlebic amjobineben dax-marebis miRebas saxelmwifo an kerZo organizaciebisgan. ekonomiuri mox-mareba, gansakuTrebiT arasasursaTo da sasursaTo saqonlisa, farTod gamoiyeneba xarjebis Sesamcireblad.ojaxebi iSviaTad mimarTaven Sokis daZlevis strategiebs, romlebsac potenciuri damangreveli Sedegebi mohyveba. ojaxebis mxolod 5%-ma mimarTa imgvar RonisZiebebs, rog-orebicaa: bavSvebis skolidan gamo-yvana, Caricxvis/registraciis ga-davadeba, jandacvis momsaxurebis gamoyenebis SezRudva an dazRvevis gauqmeba. Tumca amgvari radikaluri

RonisZiebebis gamoyeneba gacilebiT xSiria unarSezRudul pirTa ojaxeb-Si, romelTa raodenobac 9%-s aRw-evs.

daskvna

am angariSis mizania upasuxos kiTx-am angariSis mizania upasuxos kiTx-vas, ramdenad arian iZulebiT gada-vas, ramdenad arian iZulebiT gada-a dgilebuli, unarSezRuduli pi-a dgilebuli, unarSezRuduli pi-rebi da maRalmTiani regionebis rebi da maRalmTiani regionebis mcxovrebni gacilebiT ufro mowyv-mcxovrebni gacilebiT ufro mowyv-ladi mosaxleobis sxva jgufebTan ladi mosaxleobis sxva jgufebTan SedarebiT.SedarebiT. kvleva iyenebs mraval-ganzomilebian, qveyanaze morgebul midgomas ekonomikuri da social-uri mowyvladobis Sesafaseblad da gansazRvravs jgufebs, romlebic gan-icdian erTjerad da mravaljerad mowyvladobas. ufro metic, angariSi ikvlevs Sokebis zemoqmedebis do-nes da naTels hfens Sokis daZlevis gavrcelebul strategiebs.

mTlianad, am angariSis mTlianad, am angariSis 3 fokus- fokus-jgufidan erT-erTisadmi mikuTvne-jgufidan erT-erTisadmi mikuTvne-ba gacilebiT Zlier gansazRvravs ba gacilebiT Zlier gansazRvravs mowyvladobas ojaxis resursebTan mowyvladobas ojaxis resursebTan dakavSirebiT, vidre im maCvene-dakavSirebiT, vidre im maCvene-blebis mimarT, romlebic resursebis blebis mimarT, romlebic resursebis gamoyenebis unars asaxaven.gamoyenebis unars asaxaven. rogorc wina kvlevis monacemebze dayrdno-biT iyo mosalodneli da xarisxo-brivi analiziTac dadasturda, iZu -lebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa ojaxe-

bi yvelaze mowyvladni arian mi-wisa da saxlebis mflobelobasTan dakavSirebiT. aRniSnulis sapiris-pirod iZulebiT gadaadgilebul da unarSezRudul pirTa ojaxebis mowyvladoba finansuri resursebis TvalsazrisiT nawilobriv Semci-rebulia im faqtis gamo, rom isini, didi albaTobiT, garkveuli tipis regularul Semosavals iReben. ada-mianuri resursebis mimarT mowyv-ladobis gaTvaliswinebiT umTav-res SeSfoTebas iwvevs samive jgu-fis janmrTelobis gansakuTrebu-lad cudi mdgomareoba Cveulebriv ojaxebTan SedarebiT. Tumca es mona-cemi, savaraudod, Sedegia sxvadasxva faqtorisa, rogorebicaa: miRebuli travma, iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa araadekvaturi sacxovrebeli pirobebi an demografiuli struqtu-ra maRalmTian regionebSi, romlebic

reziume

reziume

20


dasaxlebulia saSualo asakze xnieri mosaxleobiT. janmrTelobis mowyv-ladobas kidev ufro zrdis jan-dacvis xelmisawvdomobis sirTule, romelic SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos finansuri SezRudvebiT, SezRuduli samedicino dazRveviT an dasaxle-baSi jandacvis adekvaturi daweseb-ulebis ararsebobiT. es problemebi aseve xSirad iyo aRniSnuli fokus-jgufebis diskusiebis dros. mowyv-ladobaze jgufis wevrobis aRniS-nuli gavlenis miuxedavad, ojaxis siRaribis statusi, zogadad, eko-nomikuri da socialuri mowyvlado-bis gacilebiT Zlieri saprognozo maCvenebelia.

mravalganzomilebiani indeqsebis sa -mravalganzomilebiani indeqsebis sa - fuZvelze saqarTveloSi mowyvlado- fuZvelze saqarTveloSi mowyvlado-ba resursebis mimarT ufro metadaa ba resursebis mimarT ufro metadaa gavrcelebuli, vidre mowyvladoba gavrcelebuli, vidre mowyvladoba resursebTan wvdomis mimarT (Sesa-resursebTan wvdomis mimarT (Sesa-bamisad bamisad 54%54% da da 42%42%).). saqarTvelos mosaxleobis erTi mexuTedi mowyv-ladia orive ganzomilebis mimarT.mowyvladobis maCvenebeli umaRle-sia iZulebiT gadaadgilebul oja-xebSi (30%). aRsaniSnavia, rom jgu-fis wevroba, rogorc mravalganzo-milebiani mowyvladobis maCvenebeli, asrulebs SezRudul rols. gamonak-liss warmoadgenen koleqtiuri da -saxlebis adgilebSi mcxovrebi iZu-lebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi, ro-melTac aReniSnebaT mowyvladoba

resursebis mimarT da maRalmTiani regionebis mcxovreblebi, romlebic mowyvladni arian resursebTan wvdo-mis mimarT. kidev erTxel unda aRin-iSnos, rom fuladi siRaribis sta-tusi mravalganzomilebiani mowyv-ladobis ukeTesi ganmsazRvrelia rogorc resursebTan, ise gacvlis SesaZleblobebTan dakavSirebiT.

dabolos, Sokis zemoqmedeba xels dabolos, Sokis zemoqmedeba xels uwyobs ojaxis socialur da eko-uwyobs ojaxis socialur da eko-nomikur mowyvladobas. mTliani mo-nomikur mowyvladobas. mTliani mo-saxleobis saxleobis 65%65%-ma ukanaskneli -ma ukanaskneli 5 wlis wlis ganmavlobaSi ganmavlobaSi 1 Sokis zemoqmedeba Sokis zemoqmedeba mainc ganicada.mainc ganicada. ojaxTan dakavSire-buli Sokebis albaToba maRalia un-arSezRudul pirTa ojaxebSi, maSin rodesac iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa ojaxebi, savaraudod, ufro metad ganicdian saarsebo wyaroe-bis dakargvasTan dakavSirebuli So-

kis imgvar zemoqmedebas, rogoricaa iZulebiT gadaadgileba. aRsaniSna-via, rom negatiuri Sedegis mqone Sokebis SemTxvevaSi yvela ojaxi ar cdilobs aRniSnuli uaryofiTi ze-moqmedebis Sesustebas.

am kvlevis saerTo daskvna Sorsaa am kvlevis saerTo daskvna Sorsaa sasurveli pirdapirobisgan. analizma sasurveli pirdapirobisgan. analizma aCvena, rom sxva pirovnuli da ojaxis aCvena, rom sxva pirovnuli da ojaxis maxasiaTeblebi gacilebiT ufro did maxasiaTeblebi gacilebiT ufro did rols asrulebs socialuri da ekono-rols asrulebs socialuri da ekono-mikuri mowyvladobis gansasazRvrad, mikuri mowyvladobis gansasazRvrad, vidre iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli, vidre iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli, unarSezRudul pirTa da maRalmTian unarSezRudul pirTa da maRalmTian regionebSi dasaxlebuli ojaxebis regionebSi dasaxlebuli ojaxebis wevroba. ojaxis sidide, demografi-wevroba. ojaxis sidide, demografi-uli Sedgeniloba, ojaxis wevrTa uli Sedgeniloba, ojaxis wevrTa pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi (magali-pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi (magali-Tad, ganaTlebis done an dasaqmebis Tad, ganaTlebis done an dasaqmebis statusi) is cvladebia, romlebic statusi) is cvladebia, romlebic xSirad gacilebiT mWidrodaa dakav-xSirad gacilebiT mWidrodaa dakav-Sirebuli SedegTan. dasasrul, unda Sirebuli SedegTan. dasasrul, unda aRniSnos, rom ekonomikuri da so-aRniSnos, rom ekonomikuri da so-cialuri mowyvladobis erT-erTi cialuri mowyvladobis erT-erTi yvelaze Zlieri da Tanamimdevruli yvelaze Zlieri da Tanamimdevruli saprognozo maCvenebelia ojaxis saprognozo maCvenebelia ojaxis fuladi siRaribis statusi. Rarib fuladi siRaribis statusi. Rarib ojaxebs SedarebiT mcire finansuri, ojaxebs SedarebiT mcire finansuri, adamianuri da socialuri resursebi adamianuri da socialuri resursebi aqvT. maT naklebad miuwvdebaT xeli aqvT. maT naklebad miuwvdebaT xeli safinanso, aseve produqciis bazre-safinanso, aseve produqciis bazre-bze da, savaraudod, naklebad iReben bze da, savaraudod, naklebad iReben mxardaWeras maTi socialuri kavS-mxardaWeras maTi socialuri kavS-irebidan.irebidan.

reziume

reziume

21


I. I. SesavaliSesavali

2004 wlidan 2008 wlamde saqarT-veloSi mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri zrda aRiniSna, romlis wliurma maCvenebelma 6.8% Seadgina (IMF, 2012). miuxedavad imisa, rom 2008wlis konfliqtma ruseTTan da glo-balurma ekonomikurma krizisma eko-nomikuri zrda SeaCera, qveynis eko-nomika Cixidan swrafad gamovida da zrdis maCveneblebi 2010 da 2011wels TiTqmis krizisamdel dones daubrunda. STambeWdavi ekonomikuri zrdis miuxedavad, mosaxleobis mniS-vnelovani nawili kvlavac siRari-beSi cxovrobs. Sefasebebi meryeobs ukiduresi siRaribis 10%-sa da 45%-s Soris gaTvaliswinebuli siRari-bis zRvris mixedviT (UNICEF, 2010). ekonomikuri keTildReoba qveyanaSi araTanabradaa ganawilebuli. saqa-rTveloSi aRiniSneba uTanabrobis SedarebiT maRali maCvenebeli. Se-fasebebis mixedviT 2011 wels Gini-s koeficienti iyo 0.42 (saqstati, 2012).ufro metic, siRaribis maCveneblebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba qalaqad, soflad da regionebSi. umarCenalod darCenil bavSvebsa da ojaxebs gansa-kuTrebulad emuqrebaT siRaribeSi cxovrebis riski (UNICEF, 2010). aseve, rac ufro maRalia piris ganaTlebis done, miT ufro naklebia misi siRa-ribeSi cxovrebis albaToba (msoflio banki, 2010).

ekonomikuri zrda avtomaturad ar ganapirobebs dasaqmebis ukeTes SesaZleblobebs (UNDP, 2011). umu-Sevrobis oficialuri maCvenebeli, romelic 2011 wels 15.1%-s Sead-genda (saqstati), niRbavs realur mdgomareobas imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom dasaqmebulTa 64% TviTdasaqme-bulia. maTi didi nawili naturalur meurneobas misdevs. qveyanaSi 2012wels Catarebuli sazogadoebrivi az-ris gamokiTxvis Tanaxmad, dasaqmeba saqarTvelos mosaxleobisTvis rCeba umTavres saxelmwifoebriv proble-mad, romelic uswrebs teritoriuli mTlianobisa da siRaribis problemebs (Navarro & Woodward, 2010, 2012; CRRC, 2010). calkeuli faqti miuTiTebs, rom iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis, unarSezRuduli pirebisa da maRalmTiani regionebis mcxovrebTa

SesaZleblobebi dasaqmebisa da Semo-savlis miRebis TvalsazrisiT gansa-kuTrebiT SezRudulia. maT ar miu-wvdebaT xeli aqtivebsa da ZiriTad momsaxurebebze da gacilebiT naklebi SesaZleblobebi aqvT socialur da politikur cxovrebaSi monawileobis mimarTulebiT.

arsebobs arasruli mtkicebuleba ekonomikuri/socialuri SezRudve-bis donisa da simwvavis Tvalsaz-risiT am da sxva jgufebisTvis saqarTveloSi. amgvarad, am kvlevis mizania saqarTvelosTvis socialuri da ekonomikuri mowyvladobis yov-lismomcveli sabaziso analizi gansa-kuTrebuli aqcentiT devnilebze, un-arSezRudul pirebsa da maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxleobaze. mowyv-ladobis masStabis aRqma da analizi xels Seuwyobs maT identifikacias, vinc erTi an mravali mowyvladi faqtoris zemoqmedebas ganicdis. is aseve Seuwyobs xels im barierebisa da dabrkolebebis Seswavlas, rac so-cialur da ekonomikur mowyvlado-bas ganapirobebs. adamianebis Sesa-Zleblobebis gafarToeba sargebels moutans mTlianad sazogadoebas da xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos Semdgom humanur ganviTarebas. kiTxva, ro-melic gasdevs am kvlevas, Semdegia:

rogoria saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvladobis gan-zomilebebi, doneebi, modelebi da ganmsazRvreli faqtorebi da ramde-nad arian iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebi, SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis mqone pirebi da maRalmTian re-gionebSi mcxovrebi ojaxebi gacile-biT ufro metad mowyvladni, vidre mosaxleobis sxva jgufebi?

mowyvladobasTan (rogorc koncef-ciasTan) dakavSirebiT kvlav ar aris miRweuli konsensusi akademiur wreebSi da praqtikosTa Soris. ar-sebobs Tanxmoba, rom is gansxvavde-ba „siRaribisgan“ da Tavisi arsiT windaxeduli koncefciaa. perspeq-tividan gamomdinare, mowyvladoba miiCneva siRaribis ganzomilebad da piriqiT (Makoka & Kaplan, 2005). amg-varad, kvleva iwyeba koncefciuri

Sesaval

iSesaval

i

aq da Semdgom, dokumentSi gamoyenebuli sityva

`ojaxi“ `ojaxi“ aRniSnavs `Sinameurneobas”.`Sinameurneobas”.

22


zogad

i s

uraT

izogad

i s

uraT

i

CarCos SemuSavebiT mowyvladobis analizisTvis. ekonomikuri da so-cialuri mowyvladoba aris ojaxis uunaroba gaumklavdes Soks da Sokis zemoqmedebis masStabs. saboloo Se-degi, e.i. mowyvladobis xarisxi, SeiZleba gansxvavdebodes ojaxebs Soris ojaxis wevrebis maxasiaTeble-bidan gamomdinare. sxvadasxva ojaxs sxvadasxva prioriteti aqvT da Sei-Zleba sxvadasxva gadawyvetilebas iRebdnen resursebis gamoyenebasTan dakavSirebiT. CarCos Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri da so-cialuri mowyvladobis ganzomile-bebi ganisazRvreba mowyvladobis sxvadasxva elementis asaxviT. maCven-eblebi SerCeulia TiToeuli katego-riisTvis, raTa asaxul iqnes ojaxis mdgomareoba Sesabamisi kategoriis farglebSi.

angariSis wyoba aseTia: momdev-no Tavi warmoadgens platformas saqarTveloSi mimdinare bolodroin-deli ekonomikuri da demografiuli movlenebis aRweriT; is waradgens 3samizne jgufs da arsebuli saxelm-wifo politikis mokle mimoxilvas, romelic mimarTulia konkretul jgufebsa da Raribebze zogadad.mesame TavSi Camoyalibebulia kon-

cefciuri CarCo ekonomikuri da so-cialuri mowyvladobis ganmartebisa da SefasebisTvis da iZleva Sesabamis monacemebsa da meTodologias Sesa-bamisi analizisTvis. analizis Sede-gebi warmodgenilia meoTxe TavSi.mexuTe Tavi eTmoba daskvnas.

II. zogadi suraTiII. zogadi suraTi

2.1. ekonomikuri mimoxilva2.1. ekonomikuri mimoxilva

saqarTvelo saSualoze dabalSemo-savliani qveyanaa, romlis mTliani Sida produqti 1 sul mosaxleze 2011 wels 3 210 aSS dolars Seadgen-da (IMF, 2012). humanuri ganviTarebis indeqsis 75-e reitingma daadastura mniSvnelovani politikuri da eko-nomikuri modernizacia 2004-dan 2008wlamde periodSi, ramac xeli Seuwyo mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis mniS-vnelovan gaumjobesebas. am periodSi qveyanam ganicada mdgradi ekonomi-kuri zrda, romlis saSualo wliurma maCvenebelma 6.8% Seadgina (grafiki 1). aseve, 2003 wlidan 2007 wlamde periodSi ojaxebis saSualo Semo-savali 31.6%-iT gaizarda (msoflio banki, 2009b:31). miuxedavad imisa, rom 2008 wlis konfliqtma ruseT-Tan da globalurma ekonomikurma krizisma ekonomikuri zrda SeaCera, qveynis ekonomika Cixidan swrafad gamovida da 2010 da 2011 wels zrdis maCveneblebi TiTqmis krizisam-del dones daubrunda. STambeWdavi ekonomikuri zrdis miuxedavad, mo-saxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili kvlavac siRaribeSi cxovrobs. Se-fasebebi meryeobs ukiduresi siRari-bis 10%-sa da 45%-s Soris siRari-bis gamoyenebuli zRvris mixedviT (UNICEF, 2010). safinanso discipli-nis aRdgenam, korufciis aRmofxvram da sabiujeto Semosavlebis zrdam (grafiki 2) xeli Seuwyo dadebiT cv-lilebebs socialuri dacvis siste-maSi „vardebis revoluciis“ Semdeg periodSi. saxelmwifo biujetis md-gomareobis gaumjobesebam saqarT-velos mTavrobas misca ganaTlebaze, jandacvasa da socialur dacvaze saxelmwifo xarjebis zrdis SesaZle-bloba.

SeiaraRebulma konfliqtma ruseT-Tan 2008 wlis agvistoSi da parale-lurad ganviTarebulma globalurma safinanso krizisma Sedegad moitana ekonomikis mniSvnelovani gauareseba da investiciebis mkveTri Semcireba

23


zogad

i s

uraT

izogad

i s

uraT

i

(grafiki 2).1 2009 wels faqtobrivi mTliani Sida produqti 3.8%-iT Semcirda. ekonomikuri vardnisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa axali talRis Semdgom umuSevro-bis oficialuri maCveneblebi 2009wels 16.9%-iT gaizarda da siRaribe xelaxla iqca problemur sakiTxad.krizisamdel wlebSi inflaciis wli-uri done cvalebadobda 5-dan 10%-mde, magram daeca 2009 wels, rodesac adgili hqonda ekonomikur daRmasv-las (IMF, 2012).

am ormagi Sokis miuxedavad, saqarT-velos ekonomika sakmaod mdgradi aRmoCnda. jansaRma makroekonomi-kurma, safinanso politikam da fi-nansurma mxardaWeram saerTaSoriso donorebis2 mxridan qveyanaSi eko-

1 investicia izomeba ZiriTadi kapitalis, maragebis cvlilebis, Sesyidvebis mTliani Ri-rebulebisa da faseuli aqtivebis gasxvisebidan miRebuli Tanxis sxvaobiT.

2 erTobliv konferenciaze, romelsac evrokav-Sirma da msoflio bankma briuselSi 2008 wlis 22 oqtombers umaspinZla, 38-ma qveyanam da 15-ma saerTaSoriso organizaciam gamoyo 4.5 miliardi aSS dolari (saidanac 2 mlrd. aSS dolari Sead-genda grants, 2.5 mlrd aSS dolari ki – sesxs) postkonfliqtur periodSi ekonomikis aRsad-genad 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi (EC, 2008).

nomikuri stabiluroba daabruna. 2010 da 2011 wels ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebi Sesabamisad 6.3 da 7.0%-mde gaizarda. struqturuli TvalsazrisiT ekonomikam Zireuli cvlilebebi ganicada bolo 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi. soflis meurneo-bam, mrewvelobam da momsaxurebam daaxloebiT Tanabari wili Seitana mTlian Sida produqtSi 1990 wels.dResdReobiT momsaxureba (68.4%) da mrewveloba (23.2%) ekonomikis ZiriTad seqtorebad iqca (msoflio banki, 2009a) miuxedavad imisa, rom dasaqmebul pirTa udidesi nawili kvlav soflis meurneobis seqtor-Sia dakavebuli (UNECE, 2012). eko-nomikuri zrda 2004-dan 2008 wlamde periodSi ZiriTadad ganpirobebuli iyo momsaxurebis seqtoriT da nawi-lobriv samrewvelo seqtoriT. amave dros eseni aseve is sferoebia, rom-lebmac yvelaze mZime dartyma miiRes ekonomikuri daRmasvlis Sedegad pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis Semodinebis mkveTri vardnis para-lelurad (msoflio banki, 2010:3 - 4).

grafiki1. mTliani Sida produqti grafiki1. mTliani Sida produqti (GDP)(GDP) mudmivi fasebi, mudmivi fasebi, procentuli cvlileba procentuli cvlileba (IMF 2012)(IMF 2012)

40%40%

30%30%

20%20%

10%10%

0%0%

-10%-10%

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20082008 2010201020072007 20092009 20112011

ruseTi

ukrainaazerbaijani

saqarTvelo

somxeTi

-20%-20%

24


2.2. demografiuli aspeqtebi2.2. demografiuli aspeqtebi

ukanaskneli 2 aTwleulis ganmavlo-baSi ekonomikis cvalebadobam, inten-siurma urbanizaciam, cxovrebis da-balma donem, iZulebiT gadaadgile-bul pirTa didma raodenobam da sxva bevrma damatebiTma faqtorma uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia demo-grafiul ganviTarebaze. dResdReo-biT mTliani mosaxleoba sakmaod stabiluria mravalwliani uaryofi-Ti demografiuli tendenciebis Sem-deg. mosaxleobis raodenoba 4497.6 aTass aRwevs (2012 wlis ianvris mdgomareobiT), romlis 52% mdedro-biTi sqesisaa.

regionis sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT Sobadobis mTliani maCvenebeli saqa-rTveloSi sakmaod dabalia (grafiki 3). aRniSnuli dabali maCveneblis axsna SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva so-cialuri, politikuri, eTnikuri,

zogad

i s

uraT

izogad

i s

uraT

i

fsiqologiuri da ekonomikuri faq-toriT, romlebic asaxaven qalTa qcevasa da ojaxebis socialur-eko-nomikur mdgomareobas. 2005-dan 2011wlamde periodSi Sobadobis maCvene-beli meryeobda 1 000 sul mosaxleze 10.7-dan 14.4-mde axalSobils Soris.

bavSvTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 1 000 cocxalSobilze 19.7-dan (2005) 12.1-mde Semcirda (2011) (UNICEF, 2012). jandacvis xelmisawvdomoba gau mjobesda da qalTa reproduqci-uli uflebebi ukeT gaxda daculi jandacvis infrastruqturis gaum-jobesebis uwyveti reformebisa da janmrTelobis dazRvevis SemoRebis Sedegad. Tumca Cvil bavSvTa sikv-dilianoba saqarTveloSi kvlav or-jer maRalia evrokavSirSi Cvil bavSvTa sikvdilianobis saSualo maC-ve nebelze (Eurostat, 2012).

grafiki grafiki 2.2. mTavrobis ZiriTadi Semosavlebi, xarjebi da investiciebis mTavrobis ZiriTadi Semosavlebi, xarjebi da investiciebis done, mTliani Sida produqtis procenti done, mTliani Sida produqtis procenti (IMF, 2012)(IMF, 2012)

40%40%

35%35%

30%30%

25%25%

20%20%

15%15%

10%10%

5%5%

0%0%

mTavrobis mTliani xarjebi

mTavrobis Semosavlebi

sul investiciebi

20002000 20012001 20022002 20032003 20042004 20052005 20062006 20082008 2010201020072007 20092009 20112011 20122012

SeniSvna: Sefasebebi iwyeba 2010 wlidan

25


(grafiki 4). aRniSnuli demografi-uli tendenciebis Sedegad kmayofaze myofi axalgazrdebis koeficienti3 Semcirda maSin, roca kmayofaze myo-fi xandazmulebis koeficienti mud-miv doneze darCa ukanaskneli wlebis ganmavlobaSi.

mosaxleobis demografiuli dabere-ba mzard ekonomikur tvirTs daakis-rebs Sromisunarian mosaxleobas mo-mavalSi. es procesi gansakuTrebiT SesamCnevia soflad, saidanac mo-saxleobis nawili, umTavresad axal-gazrdoba, mZime sacxovrebeli piro-

3 kmayofaze myofi axalgazrdebis koeficienti gan-isazRvreba rogorc 15 wlamde asakis mosaxleo-bis raodenobis Sefardeba Sromisunariani mo-saxleobis raodenobasTan (15-dan 64 wlamde). amave dros kmayofaze myofi xandazmulebis koe-ficienti gansazRvravs 64 welze xandazmuli mo-saxleobis raodenobis fardobas Sromisunariani mosaxleobis raodenobasTan. kmayofis koefici-enti aris kmayofaze myofi yvela piris (15 welze axalgazrda da 64 welze xnieri) raodenobis Se-fardeba Sromisunariani mosaxleobis raodeno-basTan.

grafiki grafiki 3.3. Sobadobis mTliani done (mSobiarobebis Sobadobis mTliani done (mSobiarobebis raodenoba erT qalze) raodenoba erT qalze) (UNICEF, 2012)(UNICEF, 2012)

4.5%4.5%

3.5%3.5%

2.5%2.5%

1.0%1.0%

4.0%4.0%

3.0%3.0%

1.5%1.5%

2.0%2.0%

0.5%0.5%

0%0%1989 1993 1997 2001 20051991 1995 1999 2003 2007 20091990 1994 1998 2002 20061992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2010

azerbaijani

saqarTvelo

ruseTi

uzbekeTi

somxeTi

bevri sxva qveynis msgavsad saqarT-velos sazogadoeba daberebis pro-cesSia. 1989 da 2002 wels Catarebul mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRwerebs Soris mosaxleobis saSualo asaki 2.5 wliT gaizarda da amJamad 37 wel-ze mets aRwevs. sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba dabadebisas gaizarda 67.5-dan 70.2 wlamde mamakacebisTvis da 75.0-dan 78.6 wlamde qalebisT-vis 1990-dan 2011 wlamde periodSi (saqstati, 2012).

mTel mosaxleobaSi 65 wlis an ufro xandazmuli adamianebis wili Sedar-ebiT stabiluri darCa 2005 wlis Semdeg da daaxloebiT 14.5%-s Sead-gens. aRniSnulis sapirispirod, 15welze axalgazrda mosaxleobis wili uwyvetad mcirdeboda 22.0%-dan (2000) 16.5%-mde (2011) da Sromisu-nariani mosaxleobis wili (15-dan 64 wlamde) umniSvnelod gaizarda

zogad

i s

uraT

izogad

i s

uraT

i

26


grafiki grafiki 4.4. mosaxleoba asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT mosaxleoba asakobrivi jgufebis mixedviT (msoflio banki, msoflio banki, 2012)2012)

80%80%

70%70%

60%60%

50%50%

40%40%

30%30%

20%20%

10%10%

0%0%2001 20052003 2007 20092002 20062000 2004 2008 2010 2011

0-dan 14 wlamde asakis mosaxleoba (mTelis %)

15-dan 64 wlamde asakis mosaxleoba (mTelis %)

65-welze xnieri mosaxleoba (mTelis %)

zogad

i s

uraT

izogad

i s

uraT

i

grafiki 5. kmayofaze myofi mosaxleobis kooficientebi asakis mixedviT grafiki 5. kmayofaze myofi mosaxleobis kooficientebi asakis mixedviT (msoflio banki, msoflio banki, 2012)2012)

60%60%

50%50%

40%40%

30%30%

20%20%

10%10%

0%0%

2001 20052003 2007 20092002 20062000 2004 2008 2010 2011

kmayofis asakobrivi koeficienti,

axalgazrda (Sromisunariani asakis

mosaxleobis %)

kmayofis asakobrivi koeficienti

(Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis %)

kmayofis asakobrivi

koeficienti, xnieri (Sromisunariani asakis mosaxleobis %)

27


cxrilicxrili 1. 1. mosaxleobis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT mosaxleobis raodenoba regionebis mixedviT 2009 - 20122009 - 2012 wlebis wlebis 1-1-li ianvris li ianvris mdgomareobiT mdgomareobiT (1 000 (1 000 adamianiadamiani)

regioniregioni 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012 zrdazrda (%) 2012 (%) 2012

saqarTvelosaqarTvelo 4385.44385.4 4436.44436.4 4469.24469.2 4497.64497.6 0.60.6

Tbilisi 1136.6 1152.5 1162.4 1172.7 0.9

aWaris a.r. 382.4 386.9 390.6 393.7 0.8

guria 138.8 139.8 140.3 140.3 0.0

raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi

47.7 47.6 47.3 47 -0.6

samegrelo-zemo svaneTi 468.0 474.1 477.1 479.5 0.5

imereTi 693.5 700.4 704.5 707.5 0.4

kaxeTi 401.4 404.5 406.2 407.1 0.2

mcxeTa-mTianeTi 105.2 108.8 109.3 109.7 0.4

samcxe-javaxeTi 208.1 211.3 212.8 214.2 0.7

qvemo qarTli 488.8 499.9 505.7 511.3 1.1

Sida qarTli 313.0 310.6 313.0 314.6 0.5

wyaro: saqstati, 2012

zogad

i s

uraT

izogad

i s

uraT

i

bebis gamo qalaqSi gadadis (cxrili 1). soflidan qalaqSi migracia gansa-kuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa saqarTvelos CrdiloeT mTian regionebSi4, sadac mosaxleobis umravlesoba axla mox-ucia. Sedegad, qalaqSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis wili mudmivad izrde-boda. amJamad qveynis mTeli mosaxle-obis 53.2% qalaqad cxovrobs, xolo 46.8% – soflad (saqstati, 2012).mosaxleobis 26.1% TbilisSi cxov-robs, romelic qveynis dedaqalaqi da udidesi qalaqia.

sazRvargareT migraciam xeli Seuwyo

4 saqarTveloSi ar aris mkafio ganmarteba, ro-melic ganasxvavebda maRalmTian regionebs ara-maRalmTiani regionebisgan. kanoni „maRalmTiani regionebis socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturu-li ganviTarebis Sesaxeb“, romelic 1999 wels iqna miRebuli, maRalmTian regions gansazRvravs rogorc teritorias, romelic zRvis donidan 1500 metris da ufro met simaRleze mdebareobs, magram zogierT SemTxvevaSi zRvis donidan Se-darebiT dabal simaRleze mdebare teritoria (zRvis donidan 800-1500 m simaRleze) SeiZleba aseve iqnes klasificirebuli maRalmTian re-gionad (muxli №4).

demografiuli pirobebis gauarese-bas saqarTveloSi. migraciis saer-TaSoriso organizaciis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis 0.6%-is migracia moxda 2010 wels, romlis 57.1% qali iyo (IOM, 2012). muSaxelis migraciis feminizacia grZelvadiani social-ur-demografiuli riskebis matare-belia, magaliTad, roca arasrulw-lovani bavSvebis datoveba xdeba de-dis migraciis Sedegad. emigrantebis umetesoba Sromisunarinia da saz-RvargareT eZebs dasaqmebis ukeTes SesaZleblobebs5. momuSave migrant-ebis mier ganxorcielebuli fuladi gzavnilebi mniSvnelovania, radgan bevri ojaxisTvis isini Semosavlis erTaderTi wyaroa. isini garkveul rols asruleben siRaribis donis SemcirebaSi. fuladi gadaricxvebis moculoba yovelwliurad izrde-boda da 2011 wels 1.268 mlrd. aSS

5 migraciis Sesaxeb damatebiTi informaciis mis-aRebad ix. mag, IOM (2008, 2012) da Selm (2005).

28

ekonomikuri da socialuri mowyvlado

mmowyvladoba saqartvelosiowyvladoba saqartvelosi · a 17. kontaqtebi ojaxtan, mezoblebtan,...

Documents