A11~'lIltJlbb1JtJ ml~'lIlU~ ~mlu1~, bb~~ril with a process time of 120 mins for the

A11~dJtJm~ ~ltlbnru'l'1~l\9ld:.lltJ bb~~~Vl~e:ln second step. The percentage methyl ester in

frrtJbb~~~\9l1Vl6H'VIiT'-:l1~ehtJbflru'l'1m\9ld~1'W, ~ ASTM the obtained product was found to be 97.33%.

6751-02 In addition, It was found that the density,

mmlfcy ; 1ule:l~1b'llGi, thWtJlh~~~u, viscosity, flash point and acid value of the buvi6H€l6'H'VIe:l{ md1i~1d~1Jlin~tJlbbUU6W~.ff'W produced biodiesel were in the acceptable

\9l€l'W ranges according to the ASTM 6751-02

standard. However, the cloud point and pour

Abstract point of the product did not comply with the

Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel, standard.

can be derived from vegetable OIls or animal Key words : Biodiesel, Crude palm

fats reacting with alcohol via the oil, Methyl ester, 'TWo-step catalyzed method

transesterification reaction. The objective of

this research was to investigate the optimal !:-Filfh conditions for biodiesel production from crude ~lfli1t1:!VlldlrnJlirtJtJ1m b~hmYii1 bb 'Wl

palm oil and methanol using two-step 1u~ bfj~Gi~;fftJ ~

bb~::MI~~~~m~'VI1J(i\e:lf1l1'1JmtJ

catalyzed method. In the first step, the (9]1'V1l~ bATI,~n~_. 'I'lllVfi:l'Ol~utJbb~~~1J1~ b'VIAVltJ, reaction was carried out in the presence of ~16'ltJ 1'Ol bbiil ~1 VfA11~ ~lAt1:!n1J~ 6t~~ltJ'V1~ bb'VltJ

sulfuric acid as an acid catalyst. The product ~l fI ~~~'W 1~ tJ bQ ~l:;~ ~~~ltJ'Vl ~ bb'V1'WJlirtJ~ b'llGi

was then further transeterified with KOB in 'lIl1€l1111€l~ b'lliil (biodiesel) .]\l1111€l~ b'lliil bU'W b-i€l

the second step. The methyl ester content b~ i,'l\l~ b'll ~'Vll\l b~e:lnl1 tJ i,'l(o)~ln bb VI G'i~'V1-r~ tJl nd'

in the product was analyzed usmg gas VI~'W bltJtJ, b'litJ Jlir'W'Ollnv:l'llVl1€l1'1JirtJ'Ollfi ~~1

chromatography (GC). Properties of the l~tJ1uleJ~ b'llGii1Aru6'l~D'~Yi6'l1~1"H)~€ltJ6'l1illtJ1#1,

obtained prodclct were also examined be:l\l(o)l~m~111'Wf1ld'Vll~'1l'd11l~ bbiild~i1~'M ~\l

according to the ASTM D6751 standard. It t1'W~~1~~\lmH~tJ~€l~\l bb'd~~€l~ [4J

was found that the optimal conditions were md'tJi,'l~1ul€l~b'll1ili1mj#l'dtJntJVl1illtJ1fj~e:l ~

obtained when using methanol to crude palm f1l1tJSl~\9l1~~~~'dtJ (blending) 1~lm~ir~"B-

oil molar ratio of 12:1 at 50 cc, 2 wt% of ~ bA-B'tJ (micro emulsification) 1~h h~1il H2SO4 with a process tIme of 30 mins for (pyrOlYSIS) bbSl~'Vl11tJ~ be:l6H'V1e:l1~ bAitJ

the first step, followed by usmg methanol to (transesterification) [6] l~tJ1Jlin~tJl

oil molar ratio of 12:1 at 60°C, 1 wt% of KOH 'Vl11tJ6l b€l61 b'Vl e:l~~ bA-ft''W bU'W1fjVl{j~YiOtJ~ 1'Wnld'

--_... _

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bbtl 6'ln €J t! e:J ~ vjl Vi til ~U 'l!tJ ~ 1Vl ~lu dtl'1J tl-.1 OJ

'5GlAmmuvm1 (alkyl ester) 1~tJne.J~'l"l~tltJ1~A€l

n~ b'l!f)jtl ~ tln n1 m!.l,~ ~~(?)'-.1~tlvj 1

Vl1e:JJ1~U~'l!~ U~~-:l1~ ehum:;U1UnldVl1LVi U1Gl'V1~ (refining) l~tJm~1'1J3JU€l ~d:;1U'l11jJU~:; . tJmtl~tJu1tldJUGl~1~ tJtl!lmmGltl€ltJ~ bA-nU (sapo

nification) .g-:lbiJ'WI:..j~~.nru'l'1vj1~~e:J-:ln1j !.I,6'l~e.J~~-

CH -OOC-R.I J , C~-OOC-R. + 3R'OH Catalyst

" R,-COG-R'

RJ-COG-R' -t'

Cl-Iz-OH

I CH-OH

JH -00 GR.2 ,~ " R,-COG-R' bHz-OH Triglyceride Alcohol Alkyl ester Glycerol

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OJ

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Uli111tJ11Xu ~~~tl-:l1Jf11dnlo1~m~l'1JjJuBGld~Lu

'l11:lJUUl6l:lJ ~unmJ

acid-catalyst RCOOH + R' H ~ RCOOR' +

Free fatty acid Alcohol Ester Water

turJ \"l.A. 2005 11?1:lJ~lUl~tlAm'}lmd

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m~'Vhtlnn1m (mg KOH/g)

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[1] m6Jf:j"Jfi~'V'I~\l\llU, 2548. tJ1::mA b~fl-ll

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