New Developments in the Hellenic Cadastre

Prof. M. KavourasProf. M. Kavouras

ViceVice--presidentpresident

Ktimatologio S.A. (Hellenic Cadastre)Ktimatologio S.A. (Hellenic Cadastre)

The Hellenic CadastreThe Hellenic Cadastre

�Background

�The Hellenic National Cadastre

�Organizational and institutional infrastructure

�Current state

�New developments in the Hellenic Cadastre

The Hellenic CadastreThe Hellenic Cadastre

�Background

�The Hellenic National Cadastre

�Organizational and institutional infrastructure

�Current state

�New developments in the Hellenic Cadastre

The Registrations and Mortgages System

The Registrations and Mortgages System

�� Greece is operating under the FrenchGreece is operating under the French--originated system of originated system of

registrations and mortgagesregistrations and mortgages. .

�� Each personal record lists all the real property transactions Each personal record lists all the real property transactions

performed by a single person in a given area (personperformed by a single person in a given area (person--

centeredcentered system). system).

�� The institution of the registrations and mortgages system The institution of the registrations and mortgages system

ensures the publicity of the registrations, but it does not ensures the publicity of the registrations, but it does not

provide legal security of the registered ownership rightsprovide legal security of the registered ownership rights

�� Because the system is organized around the persons, it Because the system is organized around the persons, it

does not offer the capability of identifying the owner of a does not offer the capability of identifying the owner of a

particular real property which is observed in the field. particular real property which is observed in the field.

Problems of the existing systemProblems of the existing system

�� The lack of legal titles of a great number of real The lack of legal titles of a great number of real

properties properties

�� The State does not know its real estate assetsThe State does not know its real estate assets

�� The lack of legal security in real estate transactionsThe lack of legal security in real estate transactions

�� The intense migration from the rural and mountainous The intense migration from the rural and mountainous

areas which caused many properties to be abandoned, areas which caused many properties to be abandoned,

forgotten, encroached or disputedforgotten, encroached or disputed

�� The difficulty to locate land parcels in rural areasThe difficulty to locate land parcels in rural areas

�� The existence of customary ownership rights in specific The existence of customary ownership rights in specific

areas of the countryareas of the country

The Hellenic CadastreThe Hellenic Cadastre

��BackgroundBackground

��The Hellenic National CadastreThe Hellenic National Cadastre

��Organizational and institutional infrastructureOrganizational and institutional infrastructure

��Current stateCurrent state

��New developments in the Hellenic CadastreNew developments in the Hellenic Cadastre

MissionMission

�� Develop a uniform, systematic and always upDevelop a uniform, systematic and always up--toto--date date

collection of registrations, which consist of the collection of registrations, which consist of the

geometric description and the ownership status of all geometric description and the ownership status of all

the real properties of the country, overseen and the real properties of the country, overseen and

guaranteed by the State. guaranteed by the State.

�� In addition, the Hellenic Cadastre may serve as a In addition, the Hellenic Cadastre may serve as a

source of valuable information that can be used for the source of valuable information that can be used for the

development of the country.development of the country.

Legal frameworkLegal framework

�� Constitution (amendment)Constitution (amendment)

�� Law 2308/1995 (Cadastral Law 2308/1995 (Cadastral

surveys)surveys)

�� Law 2508/1997Law 2508/1997

�� Law 2664/1998 (Operation Law 2664/1998 (Operation

of the cadastre, forest maps)of the cadastre, forest maps)

�� Law Law 2971/20012971/2001 (Coastal (Coastal

zones)zones)

�� Law 3127/2003Law 3127/2003

The Hellenic CadastreThe Hellenic Cadastre

��BackgroundBackground

��The Hellenic National CadastreThe Hellenic National Cadastre

��Organizational and institutional infrastructureOrganizational and institutional infrastructure

��Current stateCurrent state

��New developments in the Hellenic CadastreNew developments in the Hellenic Cadastre

Hellenic Mapping and Cadastral Organization (Law 1647/86)

Hellenic Mapping and Cadastral Organization (Law 1647/86)

The Purpose of HEMCO:

�The development, maintenance and update of a cadastre in Greece.

�The geodetic and mapping coverage of the country.

�The inventory and mapping of the natural resources.

�The creation of a land and environment data repository.

Organizational infrastructureKtimatologio S.A. (Hellenic Cadastre)

Organizational infrastructureKtimatologio S.A. (Hellenic Cadastre)

KTIMATOLOGIO SAKTIMATOLOGIO SA

�� KTIMATOLOGIO SA is a private company with sole shareholder the KTIMATOLOGIO SA is a private company with sole shareholder the Minister of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works.Minister of Environment, Physical Planning and Public Works.

�� The company was established in 1996.The company was established in 1996.

�� The mission of the Company is to:The mission of the Company is to:

��plan, develop and operate the National Cadastreplan, develop and operate the National Cadastre

��assign to third parties the planning and development as well as assign to third parties the planning and development as well as the extension of the National Cadastre program and the the extension of the National Cadastre program and the supervision and guidance of the execution of the relevant supervision and guidance of the execution of the relevant contracts, the control of the relevant studies and the necessarycontracts, the control of the relevant studies and the necessarysupplies.supplies.

��undertake the execution of the contracts for the development of undertake the execution of the contracts for the development of the Cadastre assigned by HEMCO. the Cadastre assigned by HEMCO.

��proceed to administrative, financial and technical activities whproceed to administrative, financial and technical activities which ich are necessary for the implementation of Cadastral program.are necessary for the implementation of Cadastral program.

��provide counseling to HEMCO and propositions on issues related provide counseling to HEMCO and propositions on issues related to the above.to the above.

Organizational Schema for the Establishment of the Hellenic Cadastre

Organizational Schema for the Establishment of the Hellenic Cadastre

Cadastral Survey

Contractor

SupervisionDeliverables of the

cadastral survey

Interim Cadastral

Officewill be converted to

Ministry of Justice

Ministry of

Environment

Physical Planning

and Public Works

Ministry of

Agriculture

Ministry of

Economy and

Finance

State Forest

Service

Mortgage Office

Hellenic Mapping and

Cadastral Organization

(HEMCO)

KTIMATOLOGIO SA

State Land

Service

Cooperation

Supervision

Supervision Supervision

Supervision

Supervision

Supervision

Cadastral Information System

Forest MapsSpecialized basemaps for

coastal zone demarcation

Current state (1)Current state (1)

�� Since the beginning of the project, cadastral surveys Since the beginning of the project, cadastral surveys

have started for 340 municipalities covering about have started for 340 municipalities covering about

8.500 km8.500 km22..

�� The cadastral surveys have been completed for 165 The cadastral surveys have been completed for 165

municipalities out of 340 (reference date 23.05.2005).municipalities out of 340 (reference date 23.05.2005).

�� For the majority of the remaining municipalities over For the majority of the remaining municipalities over

90% of the work has been completed.90% of the work has been completed.

�� By the first semester of 2006, the remaining cadastral By the first semester of 2006, the remaining cadastral

surveys will be completed.surveys will be completed.

�� Establish, coordinate and manage the interim cadastral offices Establish, coordinate and manage the interim cadastral offices

�� So far 62 interim cadastral offices have been established which So far 62 interim cadastral offices have been established which

are serving 165 municipalities (reference date 23.05.2005)are serving 165 municipalities (reference date 23.05.2005)

�� Operating through Operating through ““ΣΠΕΚΣΠΕΚ”” (Information System for the (Information System for the

Hellenic Cadastre)Hellenic Cadastre)

Current state (2)Current state (2)

Information System of the Hellenic Cadastre

Information System of the Hellenic Cadastre

�� Central managementCentral management

�� Relational DBMSRelational DBMS((OracleOracle 9.29.2i, Unix,)i, Unix,)

�� GIS (Arc/Info)GIS (Arc/Info)

�� Middle tier: Middle tier:

�� (IIS (IIS -- Internet Internet Information Server Information Server Windows 2000Windows 2000

�� Framework IIS: .net)Framework IIS: .net)

�� Client: Internet Explorer Client: Internet Explorer 6.06.0

�� Virtual Private Network Virtual Private Network (VPN) connection with (VPN) connection with cadastral officescadastral offices

VPN

Web client

VPNWeb client

VPN

Oracle Database

IIS Server(.NET Application)

GIS Server(SDE Server, wmf

Image Files)

GIS Client

Firewall

FirewallWeb client

HTTP

Oracle

Oracle

Image Files

New developments in the Hellenic Cadastre

New developments in the Hellenic Cadastre

�� 3rd Community Support Framework3rd Community Support Framework

��Experience from the cadastral pilot projectsExperience from the cadastral pilot projects

��Ways to address the identified problemsWays to address the identified problems

��GoalsGoals ofof thethe proposedproposed OPOP

��Basic Choices Basic Choices

��Actions included in the OP Actions included in the OP

��Budget of the Operational PlanBudget of the Operational Plan

��SummarySummary

�� Long term planningLong term planning

�� ConclusionsConclusions

3rd Community Support Framework

3rd Community Support Framework

�� TheThe operationaloperational planplan ““Data and IT Infrastructure for a Data and IT Infrastructure for a

Modern CadastreModern Cadastre”” hashas beenbeen includedincluded forfor fundingfunding inin thethe

OperationalOperational ProgramProgram ««InformationInformation SocietySociety»» ofof thethe 3rd CSF3rd CSF

�� ItIt doesdoes notnot includeinclude activitiesactivities ofof cadastral cadastral surveysurvey

�� ItIt hashas a a budgetbudget ofof about 8about 80.000.000 euros (without the VAT)0.000.000 euros (without the VAT)

�� TheThe actionsactions willwill bebe cofinancedcofinanced byby thethe EuropeanEuropean CommissionCommission andand

thethe GreekGreek StateState atat a a raterate ofof 50%50%--50%50%

Experience from the cadastral pilot projectsExperience from the cadastral pilot projects

The pilot cadastral projects faced considerable delay in their The pilot cadastral projects faced considerable delay in their

implementation and overruns in their budgets among other reasonsimplementation and overruns in their budgets among other reasons for the for the

following:following:

�� External data External data had to be incorporated in the main process of the had to be incorporated in the main process of the

cadastral survey.cadastral survey.

�� Our contractors had to execute Our contractors had to execute a wide range of activitiesa wide range of activities for a for a

relatively relatively small areasmall area..

�� The technology that was used did not allow for considerable The technology that was used did not allow for considerable

economies of scaleeconomies of scale to be achieved.to be achieved.

�� The amount of work that had to be conducted in the context of a The amount of work that had to be conducted in the context of a

cadastral survey could not be accurately estimated in advance sicadastral survey could not be accurately estimated in advance since nce

considerable parameters of the work (e.g. number of rights to beconsiderable parameters of the work (e.g. number of rights to be

registered) could not be reliably estimated.registered) could not be reliably estimated.

Ways to address the identified problems Ways to address the identified problems

�� TheThe activitiesactivities thatthat havehave toto bebe completedcompleted inin thethe contextcontext ofof a cadastral a cadastral surveysurvey

cancan bebe classifiedclassified intointo threethree mainmain categoriescategories::

��ActivitiesActivities thatthat mustmust bebe performedperformed atat a a locallocal levellevel whichwhich mainlymainly pertainpertain

thethe collectioncollection andand processingprocessing fromfrom a a technicaltechnical andand a a legallegal standpointstandpoint ofof

thethe realreal estateestate rightsrights toto bebe registeredregistered inin thethe cadastre.cadastre.

��TheThe activitiesactivities thatthat cancan bebe performedperformed horizontallyhorizontally atat a a nationalnational levellevel inin

orderorder toto achieveachieve economieseconomies ofof scalescale..

��TheThe activitiesactivities thatthat mustmust bebe performedperformed beforebefore thethe cadastral cadastral surveysurvey inin

orderorder toto reducereduce thethe uncertaintiesuncertainties andand facilitatefacilitate thethe worksworks ofof thethe cadastral cadastral

surveysurvey..

�� ThisThis OP OP addressesaddresses activitiesactivities thatthat fallfall inin thethe lastlast twotwo categoriescategories..

Goals of the proposed OPGoals of the proposed OP

��This Operational Plan aims at:This Operational Plan aims at:

�� overcoming the difficulties that arose during the overcoming the difficulties that arose during the

implementation of the pilot programs by providing implementation of the pilot programs by providing in time, in time,

reliable and directly usablereliable and directly usable information in order to reduce information in order to reduce

the risk and simplify the main work of the cadastral survey.the risk and simplify the main work of the cadastral survey.

�� creating the creating the data and IT infrastructuredata and IT infrastructure which will enable which will enable

the the interoperabilityinteroperability and the and the data exchangedata exchange between between

Ktimatologio and all parties involved in the development and Ktimatologio and all parties involved in the development and

operation of the cadastre.operation of the cadastre.

Basic Choices - 1Basic Choices - 1

��The execution of works at a national scale allows for:The execution of works at a national scale allows for:

>> economies of scaleeconomies of scale

>> application of better technological approaches application of better technological approaches

>> information will be become available even for areas that information will be become available even for areas that

will undergo cadastral survey much later in time creating will undergo cadastral survey much later in time creating

an infrastructure that can significantly contribute to the an infrastructure that can significantly contribute to the

protection of the environment.protection of the environment.

>> Collection of data that will enable the provision of modern Collection of data that will enable the provision of modern

information services for the whole country.information services for the whole country.

��Address the needs of other State Agencies without deviating Address the needs of other State Agencies without deviating

from the goals of the Hellenic Cadastre.from the goals of the Hellenic Cadastre.

Basic Choices - 2Basic Choices - 2

Higher degree of internal standardization will be enforced Higher degree of internal standardization will be enforced

which will ensurewhich will ensure

>> better prices from our contractors better prices from our contractors

>> smoother transfer and incorporation of collected data smoother transfer and incorporation of collected data

in the cadastral databases in the cadastral databases

>> Simpler approaches in project management and Simpler approaches in project management and

controlcontrol

This will be achieved by maximizing the use of common:This will be achieved by maximizing the use of common:

>> ConceptsConcepts

>> Methods andMethods and

>> Technical specificationsTechnical specifications

Actions included in the OP - 1Actions included in the OP - 1

�� Priority 1. The modernization of the Geodetic NetworkPriority 1. The modernization of the Geodetic Network

��Measure 1 HEPOSMeasure 1 HEPOS

�� Priority 2 Digitalization and conversion of existing registersPriority 2 Digitalization and conversion of existing registers

��Measure 1 Land Redistribution and Land ConsolidationMeasure 1 Land Redistribution and Land Consolidation

��Measure 2 Special CadastresMeasure 2 Special Cadastres

��Measure 3 Digital database of Measure 3 Digital database of ““active titlesactive titles”” in Mortgage in Mortgage Offices of urban centersOffices of urban centers

Actions included in the OP - 2Actions included in the OP - 2

�� Priority 3 Creating base data sets for the whole CountryPriority 3 Creating base data sets for the whole Country

��Measure 1 Urban very large scale trueMeasure 1 Urban very large scale true--orthoortho imageryimagery

��Measure 2 National 1/5000 color Measure 2 National 1/5000 color orthoortho--imageryimagery

�� Priority 4 Collecting evidence for the land registration Priority 4 Collecting evidence for the land registration processprocess

��Measure 1 Forest delineationMeasure 1 Forest delineation

��Measure 2 Base mapping for coastal zone delineationMeasure 2 Base mapping for coastal zone delineation

�� Priority 5 Optimizing the IT systemPriority 5 Optimizing the IT system

��Measure 1. Modernization of Ktimatologio IT Measure 1. Modernization of Ktimatologio IT infrastructure infrastructure

��MISMIS

��Data center and disaster recovery centerData center and disaster recovery center

��Network and security infrastructure establishmentNetwork and security infrastructure establishment

��Measure 2. Web Services for data setsMeasure 2. Web Services for data sets

��Measure 3. Web Services for new cadastral surveysMeasure 3. Web Services for new cadastral surveys

KT’s contribution to a NSDIKT’s contribution to a NSDI

Land Consolidation,

Land Redistribution

Acts

Basemaps for coastal

zones

Delineation of forested

areas

VLS Orthophotos for

urban areas

LS Orthophotos for

the whole Country Special Cadastres “Active title” database

IT infrastructure

HEPOS

Pilot Programs

(2nd CSF)

Declarations

1st Public Presentation

2nd Public Presentation

First Registrations

Official announcement of a municipality undercadastral survey (ΦΕΚ)

Geodetic network

Forest map

Aerial PhotographyBasemaps

Cadastral Survey

Objections

Appeals

Coastal zone basemap

1 contract

Data from otherState Services

Mortgage Office Data

Activities per municipality

1st Public Pres.

2nd Public Pres.

First Registrations

Cadastral survey

Objections

Appeals

KT

Π1

Π3

Π2Π5

Π4

3rd CSF

ΦΕΚ

Mortgage Office DataDeclaration

Geodetic network

Aerial PhotographyBasemaps

Delineation offorested areas

Coastal zonebasemaps

Data from otherState Services

Π1. Hepos

Π2. Digitilization of existing

registers

Π3. Creating universal base data

sets

Π4. Collecting evidence for the

land registration process

Π5. Optimizing the IT system

Works per municipality

(urban centers)

Funding fromState funds

Coastal zone basemaps

Works not included

in the 3rd CSF

1st suspension.

2nd suspension

1st registration

draft cadastre

objections

appeals

KT

declaration

ΦΕΚ

Geodetic network

Aerial photographyBasemaps

Forest delineation

Data from otherState Services

1st Public Pres.

2nd Public Pres

First Registrations

Objections

Declaration

Cadastral Survey

Appeals

Mortgage Office data

Works per municipality

(agricultural and other

areas)

Funding fromState funds

Budget of the Operational PlanBudget of the Operational Plan

79.670.000Total

3.400.000Web Services for new cadastral surveys13

1.070.000Web Services for the collected data sets12.

10.300.000Modernization of Ktimatologio IT infrastructure11.

3.400.000Base mapping for coastal zone delineation10.

8.300.000Forest delineation9.

6.300.000National 1/5000 color ortho-imagery8.

3.200.000Urban very large scale true-ortho imagery7.

35.000.000

Creation of a Digital database of active titles in the

Mortgage Offices of urban centers6.

2.300.000Digitization of existing cadastres5.

1.900.000Land consolidation and land redistribution acts4.

4.500.000HEPOS1.

Budget (euros)ActionS/N

SummarySummary

�� The proposed OP does not contradict or modify the mission The proposed OP does not contradict or modify the mission

and the procedures of developing Cadastre in Greece as these and the procedures of developing Cadastre in Greece as these

are described in the Greek Cadastral Legislation. It introduces are described in the Greek Cadastral Legislation. It introduces

a new management approach in the Project which aims at a new management approach in the Project which aims at

overcoming the shortcomings of the past, as well as overcoming the shortcomings of the past, as well as

strengthening and securing the Project by taking advantage of strengthening and securing the Project by taking advantage of

modern technologies and economies of scale.modern technologies and economies of scale.

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

�� 3rd Community Support Framework3rd Community Support Framework

��Experience from the cadastral pilot projectsExperience from the cadastral pilot projects

��Ways to address the identified problemsWays to address the identified problems

��GoalsGoals ofof thethe proposedproposed OPOP

��Basic Choices Basic Choices

��Actions included in the OP Actions included in the OP

��Budget of the Operational PlanBudget of the Operational Plan

��SummarySummary

�� Long term planningLong term planning

�� ConclusionsConclusions

Long term PlanningLong term Planning

�� What remains to be done:What remains to be done:

��Develop cadastre for the rest of the Country:Develop cadastre for the rest of the Country:

��~123.000 sq. km~123.000 sq. km

��~28.500.000 real property rights~28.500.000 real property rights

�� How: How:

��Existing cadastral legislation (l.2308/1995 and l. Existing cadastral legislation (l.2308/1995 and l. 2664/1998, as they have been modified by 3127/2003) with 2664/1998, as they have been modified by 3127/2003) with minor adjustments if needed.minor adjustments if needed.

��New management approaches to incorporate new New management approaches to incorporate new technologies and reduce the overall cost.technologies and reduce the overall cost.

ConclusionsConclusions

The operating Cadastre must establish itself as an institutionally strong, always up-to-date and always improving system which will guarantee real estate rights throughout the Country and will be fully trusted by the Greek citizens for their real estate transactions as well as the Greek State for the development of the Country.

Research Topics (1)Research Topics (1)

� ONTOLOGICAL

� Cadastral concepts

�What defines land property? What is guaranteed?

� Identity and spatial change

� Boundaries in cadastre

� SPATIAL REFERENCE - MOTION

�Moving parcels and boundaries

� 4D coordinates (HEPOS) – reference “without” coordinates?

� 3D cadastre

� INTEROPERABILITY – INTEGRATION

� Integration of different “cadastral” systems (Dodecanese cadastre, fiscal “cadastre”, previous specs, etc.)

�Harmonization of European cadastres – is it possible?

Research Topics (2)Research Topics (2)

� DETERMINING AND RESOLVING CONFLICTS

�Spatial conflicts

�Thematic conflicts

�Determine procedures for settling conflicts

�Formalize legal content

� VISUALISATION - SPATIALIZATION

�3D property

�Land parcel history

�Moving parcels and boundaries