mk-trmb11 resource - reserve
DESCRIPTION
hgjhTRANSCRIPT
TEKNIK RESERVOIR MINYAK & GAS-BUMI
Lesson 11
Resource & Reserve
Hadi Nugroho
Geological Department
Diponegoro University
2010
Modified by EBS 2014
Reading Materials
Rukmana, D., 2009,”Pandangan BP Migas: Definisi
dan Metode Estimasi Cadangan Minyak Dan gas
Bumi Nasional”, Presentasi pada Forum IATMI dan
K3S
Satter, A., et al, 2008, “Practical Enhanced Reservoir
Engineering”, Chapter 9
SPE/AAPG/WPC/SPEE/SEG, 2011, “Guidelines for
Application of the Petroleum Resources
Management System”
Stages of HC Fields
Exploration Discovery Production Abandonment
Appraisal
Economics
Plan of Development
Play
Lead
Prospect
Monitoring
Infill
Secondary Recovery
Plug Back
Clearing
Restoration
Play – Prospect – Lead
Prospect – a geological
feature that might contain
HC, mapped in detail and
ready for drilling
Lead – identified geological feature that might contain
HC; not yet ready for drilling
Play - a group of oil fields
or prospects in the same
region that are controlled
by the same set of
geological circumstances
Volumetric Calculation
Volumetric Calculation
Volumetric Calculation
Volumetric Calculation
Calculating Original HC In Place
Oil:
Gas:
OOIP/OGIP – Original Oil / Gas In Place
Constants converting acre-ft to barrel / cubic-ft
Vb - Rock Volume in acre-ft
- Porosity in fraction
(1-Sw) - HC Saturation
Boi / Bgi - Oil / Gas Formation Volume Factor
Calculating Original HC In Place
Oil:
Gas:
OOIP/OGIP – Original Oil / Gas In Place
Constants converting acre-ft to barrel / cubic-ft
Vb - Rock Volume in acre-ft
- Porosity in fraction
(1-Sw) - HC Saturation
Boi / Bgi - Oil / Gas Formation Volume Factor
How Much Can We Recover?
Oil: OOIP * RF (in bbl)
Gas: OGIP * RF (in cu ft)
OOIP or OGIP – Original Oil or Gas In Place (bbl
or cu ft)
RF – Recovery Factor (in fraction)
Oil Reservoirs Recovery Factors
Drive Mechanism
Oil Recovery Factors
% OOIP
Range Average
Solution Gas Drive 5 - 30 15
Gas Cap Drive 15 - 50 30
Water Drive 30 - 60 40
Gravity Drainage Drive 16 - 85 50
Gas Reservoirs
Drive
Gas Recovery
factors (% of OGIP)
Range Average
Gas Expansion Drive 70 - 90 80
Water Drive 35 - 65 50
Other Reserve Calculation Approach
Volumetric Calculation:
Deterministic
Probabilistic / Stochastic
Decline Curve Analysis
Material Balance
Reservoir Simulation
Probabilistic Assessment
Probabilistic volume calculation result is always lognormal
The Importance of Reporting
As a Company / Country – there is regular reporting requirement
This makes it necessary for a regulation / rule that standardizes the calculation and reporting methods
Last decade SPE/AAPG/WPC/SPEE/SEG collaborating to generate the system called PRMS
Petroleum Resources Management System
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) adopts PRMS
On the News
The Importance of Reporting
Project and
Portfolio
Management
system
to make
investment
decisions and
allocate
resources
Internal Business
Management
External
Business
Management
Regulatory
Commissions (required
by law)
Government – Tax
Investment Community
Financial Transactions
Resource
Inventory
Probable
Proved
Production
Possible
Undiscovered Potential
Discovered Not Yet Commercial
Reserv
es
R
eso
urc
es
Resource Classification
PRMS
follows the
line of
thought
Encompasses all quantities of petroleum naturally occurring
on or within the earth’s crust, discovered and undiscovered,
(recoverable or in-place). Further, it includes all types of
petroleum whether currently considered “conventional” or
“unconventional”
Reserves are a subset of Resources!
Resources
Those quantities of petroleum anticipated to be commercially
recoverable by application of development projects to known
accumulations from a given date forward under defined
conditions
Reserves
Resource Definition
PRMS Internal Reporting
Less Certain More Certain
Naming Conventions
Best Estimate Low Estimate High Estimate
Proved
High
Confidence
Moderate
Confidence
Low
Confidence
Probable Possible
1P 2P 3P
1C 2C 3C
Reserves
Contingent
Resources
Prospective
Resources
(C1)* (C2)* (C3)*
(P1)* (P2)* (P3)*
* widely used but not official PRMS terms
Lowest Known Oil (LKO)
LKO
Wells:
Proved Developed
Cross Section View
Seismic Structureon top of Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Pool 1 Pool 2
Fault
Fault
1
1
Drilled Well
Proved UndevelopedProved Undeveloped
Reserve Categorization Example-1
Proved Developed
Cross Section View
Seismic Structureon top of Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Pool 1 Pool 2
2
Fault
Fault
1
1
Lowest Known Oil (LKO)Lowest Known Oil (LKO)
3
3
3
3
LKO
Wells: 2Wells: 2
Proved UndevelopedProved Undeveloped
Drilled Well
Reserve Categorization Example-2
Wells:
Proved Developed
Proved Undeveloped
Cross Section View
Seismic Structureon top of Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Pool 1 Pool 2
2
Fault
Fault
1 3
312
Dry Hole
4
P90
P90 O/W contact
4
Lowest Known Oil (LKO)
LKO
OWC
Reserve Categorization Example-3
OWC
Wells:
Proved Developed
Proved Undeveloped
Cross Section View
Seismic Structureon top of Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Pool 1 Pool 2
2
Fault
Fault
1 3
3124
P90
P50
Probable
LKO
P90 & P50 O/W contact
4
Lowest Known Oil (LKO)
Reserve Categorization Example-4
OWC
Wells:
Proved Developed
Proved Undeveloped
Cross Section View
Seismic Structureon top of Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Sand "A"
Pool 1 Pool 2
Fault
Fault
13
312
Probable
Additional locations
required to deplete
Proved Undeveloped
2
Pool 1
Pressure communication
measured across each of the
wells4
4
Lowest Known Oil (LKO)
Reserve Categorization Example-5
29
Economic Modifiers
Economic Status
Projects may be further characterized by economics and
commercial modifiers into:
Economic (Reserves)
Marginal Economic (Contingent Resources)
those quantities associated with technically feasible projects that are either
currently economic or projected to be economic under reasonably forecasted
improvements in commercial conditions but are not committed for development
because of one or more contingencies.
Sub-Marginal Economic (Contingent Resources)
those quantities associated with discoveries for which analysis indicates that
technically feasible development projects would not be economic and/or other
contingencies would not be satisfied under current or reasonably forecasted
improvements in commercial conditions. These projects nonetheless should be
retained in the inventory of discovered resources pending unforeseen major changes
in commercial conditions.
Reserves
“in waiting”
“cats &
dogs”
Reserves Status
Additional Classification Modifiers
Developed (Producing or Non-Producing)
Undeveloped
However, ………
Reserves status may be applied to Proved, Probable, and Possible
Recoverable quantities may be subdivided based on the funding and
operational status of wells and associated facilities into:
There is no change in the definitions/criteria associated with Reserves Status
(Even Developed Producing Reserves have a range of ultimate recovery)
Reserves status is not really a subclass.
Reserves are allocated to status based on operations & funding.
It’s a “money thing” .. and it is important for project management!
3. DEFINISI & KLASIFIKASI CADANGAN
(dari BPMIGAS)
Klasifikasi Cadangan yang digunakan oleh BPMIGAS dan
Ditjen Migas mengacu SPE 2001 yang telah dimodifikasi
berdasarkan karakter reservoar di Indonesia.
Hasil Forum di Bali 10-11 Agustus 2009 (“Penyamaan Persepsi Kategori & Perhitungan cadangan “) telah
disepakati BPMIGAS-Ditjen Migas – Pertamina bahwa klasifikasi cadangan dari PRMS 2007 (SPE 2007)
sampai saat ini belum bisa dipakai dalam POD atau dalam pelaporan cadangan tahunan (Annual Reserves
Report).
Reserves
Probable
Estimate
Ekonomis
Proved
Estimate
Developed Undeveloped
Possible
Estimate
90%P1 + 50%P2 Or 90% P1
Tidak Ekonomis
An
nu
al
Reserv
es R
ep
ort
P
OD
Reserve Audit
To increase reliability of the reserve report an audit
by independent auditor is recommended – called
“Reserve Certification”
Below are names of well known auditors:
DeGolyer and MacNaughton (D&M)
Gaffney & Cline Associates (GCA)
Sproule
Ryder Scott
Netherland and Sewell Associates (NSA)
And many others