mixed conifer forests what and where are...
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![Page 1: Mixed Conifer Forests What and Where are they?nwfirescience.org/sites/default/files/publications... · species in that environment, e.g. Ponderosa Pine, ... Conifer, Moist Grand Fir,](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022050400/5f7e4bd0af072550de5febec/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mixed Conifer Forests 101
What and Where are They?
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Vegetation Classification
• Series Level—Climax/late successional tree species in that environment, e.g. Ponderosa Pine, Grand Fir, Mountain Hemlock
• Plant Associations (Climax overstory/understory community)
• Various subdivisions and aggregations of the above
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A Definition of Mixed Conifer Forests
Diverse Forest Type where:
1. Grand fir, white fir, Douglas-fir are the late-successional species (e.g. Series)
2. Typically contain old shade-intolerant/fire-tolerant species:
• Ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or western larch
3. Low to mixed-severity fire regime
4. Not too hot and dry, not too cold and wet
5. More productive than Ponderosa Pine
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Environmental Distribution of Major Forest Types and Series
Drought Stress Low High
Tem
per
atu
re
Op
tim
um
Gro
wth
Day
s
0
120
PSME
ABGR
OAK JUNIPER WOOD- LANDS
MIXED CONIFER
COASTAL TEMPERATE
SUBALPINE Franklin and Dyrness 1988
TSHE
PISI
TSME ABLA
PIPO
QUGA
JUOC
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Dominant Fire Severity Regimes
Drought Stress Low High
Tem
per
atu
re
Op
tim
um
Gro
wth
Day
s
0
120
Based on Agee 1993
LOW
MIXED HIGH
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Proportion of high severity patches (or ratio of large to small high severity patches)
Freq
ue
ncy
(yr
s)
DF/WH-WA
>100
<10
Low High
PP
Mixed Severity
High Severity
LP-OR/WA
MXM-WA
MX-KL
LP-CA
DF-OR MX-CA
MXM-OR
JP MXD-WA
DF/WH-OR
Low Severity
Fire regimes of Plant Association Groups In NWFP Area
Perry et al. 2011
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Warm Cold
Dry
Wet
Mountain Hemlock
White/Grand Fir
Lodgepole Pine Ponderosa Pine
Environmental Distribution of Major Plant Association Groups on Deschutes National Forest
Based on Simpson 2007
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Old growth mixed-conifer Central Oregon
Xeric Dry-mixed conifer Mesic Wet-mixed conifer
Andrew Merschel
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Potential
Vegetation Type
Typical Range of
fire return
intervals
Range of fire
severities
Ponderosa Pine
(dry to wet),
Dry/Moist
Douglas-fir, Dry
Mixed Conifer, dry
Grand Fir
7-25 years Primarily Low
and mixed
surface fire
dominated
Moist Mixed
Conifer, Moist
Grand Fir, and
Douglas-fir
25-50 years Mixed, with
some high and
low
Moist to Wet
Grand Fir, Moist
Mixed Conifer
50-100 years Mixed to high,
with some low
Wet Grand Fir,
Cool Dry
Subalpine Fir
>100 years High with some
mixed
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Major Potential Vegetation Groups
ILAP
Area of Dry and Moist Mixed Conifer ~ 12 million ac