mitosis presentation final
DESCRIPTION
learn more about mitosis and the processes that are taking place.TRANSCRIPT
CELL DIVISION BY MITOSIS
By: THEMBA MASILELA
Contributors
1. Phakathi
2. Choong,
3. guest0a84f2f.
Have your body in the pass six months? Tall/Weight
changed
Are you
taller?growing
Did your
grow?
hair
Clip your toenails?
Broken a bone recently?
Wound – how does your body
itself?
repair
Do you wonder why?
MitosisDefinition:
To create two identical daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells
Continues
Mitosis conserves
chromosomenumber by allocating replicated chromosomes equally to each of the daughter nuclei.
Chromosome
Continues Mitosis is a process of cell division
Goal = production of 2 daughter cells.
The daughter cells are identical to one another and to the original parent cell.
Continues
Mitosis produced the somatic cells that now make up your body and is also the means by which your body continues to generate new cells to replace dead and damaged ones.
Acronym for MITOSIS
IPMATInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Phases
Interphase Prophase Promatophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Interphase
A nuclear envelope bounds the nucleus.
Chromosomes that were duplicated during S phase cannot be seen individually because they have not yet condensed.
The cell cycle
Continues Two centrosomes have formed by
replication of a single centrosome.
Continues
In animal cells, each centrosome
features two centrioles.
continues
Two Centrosomes have formed by replication of a
single centrosome.
In animal cells, each centrosome features two centrioles
Continues
The nucleus contains one or more nucleoli.
Prophase
The chromatin fibers
become more tightly coiled. The nucleoli disappear.
ContinuesEach duplicated chromosome appears
as two identical sister chromatids joined together at their centromeres and along their arms by cohesion's
Continues The mitotic spindle begins to form.
The spindle is composed of the microtubules and centrosomes that extend from them. Shorter microtubules that extend from the centrosomes are called asters.
ContinuesThe centrosomes move away from each other, pushed away by the lengthening microtubules between them.
Prometaphase
The nuclear envelope
fragments. The microtubules extending from each centrosome can now invade the nuclear area.
Continues
The chromosomes have become even more
condensed. Each of the two chromatids of each chromosome now has a protein structure located at
the centromere called a kinetochore
Continues
Some of the microtubules attach to the
kinetochores, becoming “kinetochore microtubules” that push and pull the chromosomes back and forth.
Continues
Non-kinetochore microtubules interact
with those from the opposite pole of the spindle.
Metaphase
Metaphase is the
longest stage of mitosis, and lasts about 20 minutes. The centrosomes are now at opposite poles of the cell.
ContinuesThe chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate, an imaginary plane that is equal distance between the spindle’s two poles. The chromosome’s centromeres lie on the metaphase plate
ContinuesThe kinetochores of the sister chromatids are attached to kinetochore microtubules reaching from opposite poles
Anaphase
Anaphase is the shortest stage of mitosis, and lasts only a few minutes. When the cohesion proteins are cleaved, anaphase begins. This allows the two sister chromatids of each pair to part.
Continues
The two daughter chromosomes begin moving toward opposite ends of
the cell as the kinetochore microtubules begin to shorten. The chromosomes move centromere first because the microtubules are attached to the centromeres. They travel at about 1 micrometer per minute.
Continues
The cell elongates as the non-kinetochore
microtubules lengthen. By the end of anaphase, the two ends of the cell have complete and equal collections of chromosomes.
Continues
Telophase
Nucleoli reappear.
The chromosomes become less condensed. Mitosis is complete.
Continues
Two daughter nuclei form in the cell.
Nuclear envelopes are formed from the fragments of the parent cell’s nuclear envelope and other portions of the endomembrane system.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm is
usually almost complete by late telophase, so the two daughter cells appear shortly after the end of mitosis.
Continues
In animal cells, cytokinesis involves
the formation of a cleavage furrow, which pinches the cell in two
Mitosis in general
Somatic cells
(all body cells except gamete cells)
Reference list Phakathi, N. 2013. Life science grade 10: mitosis
cell division. http://www.slideshare.net/fundos/life-science-grade-10. Accessed 06 March 2014.
Choong, R. 2010. PowerPoint mitosis 1. http://www.slideshare.net/rchoong/powerpoint-mitosis-1. Accessed 06 March 2014.
guest0a84f2f. 2009. cell division by mitosis. http://www.slideshare.net/guest0a84f2f/cell-division-by-mitosis. Accessed 06 March 2014.