mitigation initiatives and opportunities in urbanizing asia: buildings and transport sectors

8/8/2019 Mitigation Initiatives and Opportunities in Urbanizing Asia: Buildings and Transport Sectors

1/27

Mauancualb Abauacuavjt cbe Lppl{uzbauajt abZ{kcbayabn Ctac9 Kzaèabnt cbe U{cbtpl{uTjdul{t

Mc{adl{ E" Mzylbjt

F{jj`cbdj dlbtzùcbu, _haàppabjt

Tjdlbe [jnalbc` Dlbtzùcualb Mjjuabn

Jdlblmadt lf Dàmcuj Dhcbnj cbe @l~ Dc{klb N{l~uh Tu{cujnajt ab Bl{uhjctu Ctac

33-3; Ldulkj{ ;?3?, Z`ccbkccuc{


2/27

LzuàbjLzuàbj

3" Kcdgn{lzbe pcpj{ 9 c szadg lvj{vaj~

;" Z{kcbaycualb u{jbet ab Ctac cbe ampcdut lb dàmcuj

4" Mauancualb abauacuavjt cbe lppl{uzbauajt- c nàmptj lb tlmj nllep{cduadjt

5" Kc{{aj{t cu uhj jbe-ztj{t `jvj`

:" ^cq fl{~c{e9 tlmj uhlznhut


3/27

3" Kcdgn{lzbe _cpj{9 C Szadg Lvj{vaj~ (3!3" Kcdgn{lzbe _cpj{9 C Szadg Lvj{vaj~ (3!

^auh z{kcbaycualb dhcbnabn dlbtzmj{ p{jfj{jbdjt abd{jctj abjbj{nq ztj

Mltu tu{cujnajt p{lmluabn tztucabck`j jbj{nq fzuz{jt hcvj ejc`u ~auhujdhbadc` tl`zualbt tzdh ct t~audhabn f{lm fltta` fzj`t ul {jbj~ck`jjbj{nq

Amp{lvabn jbj{nq jffadajbdq c`lbj mcq blu kj ct jffjduavj ab {jezdabnjbj{nq ejmcbe ct njbj{c``q cttzmje ezj ul uhj {jklzbe jffjdu

d{jcujt c bju jffjdu lf abd{jctje jbj{nq ztj


4/27

Kcdgn{lzbe _cpj{9 Szadg Lvj{vaj~ (;!Kcdgn{lzbe _cpj{9 Szadg Lvj{vaj~ (;!

Jxp`l{jt uhj àbg kju~jjb tztucabck`j dlbtzmpualb cbe dàmcujdhcbnj ab ànhu lf uhj fl``l~abn dlbtaej{cualbt9

Dltu - plàdajt p{lmluabn tztucabck`j àfjtuq`jt cbe kjhcval{dlmp{atj mcbq lf uhj ~l{èt `l~ dltu mauancualb lppl{uzbauajt

Uamj - uamj`q af blu jc{`q cdualb ab uhjtj ; tjdul{t at d{auadc` ulcvlae `ldg-ab lf zbtztucabck`j ejvj`lpmjbu cbe ul cvlae c`ldg ab abul zbtztucabck`j àfjtuq`jt cbe tqtujmt lftj{vadjt p{lvatalb

Ujmpj{cuz{j - uhj u{cbtfl{mcualb lf jbj{nq dlbtzmpualb abuhjtj ; tjdul{t ~a`` kj d{zdac` ul hj`p gjjp n`lkc` ujmpj{cuz{j{atj ~auhab ; ejn{jjt Dj`tazt cklvj p{j-abeztu{ac` ujmpj{cuz{jt"


5/27

;" Z{kcbaycualb u{jbet ab Ctac (31:?;" Z{kcbaycualb u{jbet ab Ctac (31:?--;?4?!;?4?!

Kju~jjb 31:?-;??:,~l{èot z{kcbplpz`cualb jxpcbejef{lm ;1* ul c`mltu:?*

Kq ;?4?, jtuamcujtthl~ uhcu p{lpl{ualb lfplpz`cualb àvabn abdauajt ~a`` {jcdh 63* ,cb abd{jctj lf bjc{`q

3"8 ka`àlb mltu lf uhjmab Ctacb ejvj`lpabnjdlblmajt"


6/27

Z{kcbaycualb u{jbet tznnjtu c e{cmcuad abd{jctj fl{jbj{nq tj{vadjt ab uhj {jnalb

Ct uhj fctujtu n{l~abn jdlblmad {jnalb zbej{pabbje kq `c{njtdc`j z{kcbaycualb, dhcbnabn dlbtzmj{ p{jfj{jbdjt ab Ctac c{je{avabn mzdh lf uhj abd{jctj ab jbj{nq ztj

Uhj {jtzùabn NHN jmattalbt tucbe ab dlbu{ctu ul uhj `jvj`t uhcutdajbdj tznnjtut c{j bjdjttc{q ul p{lpj{`q cee{jtt dàmcuj

dhcbnj-

[cpae n{l~uh lf bj~ kzaèabnt ab ejvj`lpabn dlzbu{ajt cbe uhj`l~ {cuj lf {jp`cdjmjbu lf jbj{nq-abjffadajbu kzaèabnt c{j mcil{dlbu{akzul{t ul jmattalbt f{lm uhat tjdul{"Jxcmp`j9 Dlbtaej{ Dhabc, ~hj{j kzaèabnt cddlzbu fl{ ml{j

uhcb ;:* lf uhj dlzbu{qt uluc` p{amc{q jbj{nq dlbtzmpualbcbe {jtplbtak`j fl{ c szc{uj{ lf aut cbbzc` NHN jmattalbt, atjtuamcuje ul hcvj c p{lpl{ualb lf z{kcb plpz`cualb lf 6?* kq;?4?, zp f{lm uhj dz{{jbu jtuamcuje 5?*"


7/27

KzaèabntKzaèabnt c{j {jtplbtak`j fl{ c`mltu 5?* lfc{j {jtplbtak`j fl{ c`mltu 5?* lfn`lkc` jbj{nq ztj cbe cklzu 4?* lf n`lkc` NHNn`lkc` jbj{nq ztj cbe cklzu 4?* lf n`lkc` NHN

jmattalbtjmattalbt

DL; jmattalbt f{lm kzaèabnt, ;??5


8/27

Mcbcnjmjbu lf jbj{nq jbeMcbcnjmjbu lf jbj{nq jbe--ztj `jvj`9 d{zdac` abztj `jvj`9 d{zdac` ab{jezdabn jbj{nq ztj cbe ab {jezdabn jmattalbt{jezdabn jbj{nq ztj cbe ab {jezdabn jmattalbtZtabn c àfj dqd`j cpp{lcdh, u{jbet thl~ uhcu uhjZtabn c àfj dqd`j cpp{lcdh, u{jbet thl~ uhcu uhj lpj{cualbc` phctjlpj{cualbc` phctj lf clf ckzaèabn kq fc{ cddlzbut fl{ uhj n{jcujtu p{lpl{ualb lf jbj{nq ztjkzaèabn kq fc{ cddlzbut fl{ uhj n{jcujtu p{lpl{ualb lf jbj{nq ztj

@afj dqd`j phctjt lf kzaèabnt (N{chcm ;??4!


9/27

U{cbtpl{uU{cbtpl{u cddlzbut fl{ bjc{`q c szc{uj{ lf uhj ~l{ètcddlzbut fl{ bjc{`q c szc{uj{ lf uhj ~l{ètDLDL;; jmattalbt f{lm fltta` fzj` dlmkztualb cbe 34* lfjmattalbt f{lm fltta` fzj` dlmkztualb cbe 34* lf

lvj{c`` NHN jmattalbt"lvj{c`` NHN jmattalbt"Ejvj`lpabn Ctac dlbu{akzuje ?">: nanculbbjt l{ 35* lf uhjEjvj`lpabn Ctac dlbu{akzuje ?">: nanculbbjt l{ 35* lf uhj

~l{èt uluc` u{cbtpl{u~l{èt uluc` u{cbtpl{u--{j`cuje DL; jmattalbt" Kq ;?:?, au at p{lijduje{j`cuje DL; jmattalbt" Kq ;?:?, au at p{lijdujeul {jcdh 4?*"ul {jcdh 4?*"

Uluc` DL; jmattalbt f{lm uhj u{cbtpl{u tjdul{ (;???-;?:?!


10/27

U{cbtpl{u jmattalbt at c fzbdualb lf uhj vl`zmj lfu{cbtpl{u cduavauq, cmlzbu lf jbj{nq kq jcdh uqpj lfcduavauq, uqpj lf fzj` ztje ul njbj{cuj uhcu jbj{nq, cbe

uhj max lf mlejt

31>?-;??:9 n`lkc` u{cbtpl{u-{j`cuje NHN jmattalbt n{j~34?* (mzdh lf uhj {jdjbu n{l~uh dlmabn f{lm c {cpae`qmlul{ayabn Ctac (AJC ;??8!

UHJ[JFL[J, uhj ~cq Ctact plàdqmcgj{t mcbcnj uhjtj 5vc{ack`jt- pc{uadz`c{`q jbj{nq dlbtzmje kq uqpj lf vjhad`jcbe uhj cmlzbu lf lvj{c`` vjhad`j cduavauq- ~a`` abf`zjbdj fzuz{jjmattalbt"Jxcmp`j9 Cb 38* amp{lvjmjbu ab pj{ zbau jbj{nqdlbtzmpualb ~a`` blu kj jblznh ul lfftju cb cbuadapcuje 3;4*abd{jctj ab u{cbtpl{u cduavauq fl{ ànhu ezuq vjhad`jt kq ;?:?"(^KDTE!" Uhat at pc{uadz`c{`q {j`jvcbu fl{ Ctac tabdj fl{jxcmp`j ab Dhabc, vjhad`j tuldgt at jxpjduje ul abd{jctj f{lm4> ma`àlb ab ;??6 ul ;>? ma`àlb ab ;?4? (AJC ;??>!


11/27

5" Mauancualb abauacuavjt cbe lppl{uzbauajt5" Mauancualb abauacuavjt cbe lppl{uzbauajt-- c nàmptjc nàmptjlb tlmj nlle p{cduadjtlb tlmj nlle p{cduadjt

^hq ab kzaèabnt< ZBJ_ ;??19 kzaèabnt tjdul{ hct uhj n{jcujtu plujbuac` fl{

ejàvj{abn NHN {jezdualbt cbe cu uhj `jctu dltu ztabn dz{{jbu`qcvca`ck`j ujdhbl`lnajt7

@jvabj ju c` ;??>9 uhj{j at c n`lkc` plujbuac` ul {jezdj

cpp{lxamcuj`q ;1* lf uhj p{lijduje kctjàbj jmattalbt kq ;?;?dltu-jffjduavj`q ab uhj {jtaejbuac` cbe dlmmj{dac` tjdul{t, uhjhanhjtu cmlbn c`` tjdul{t tuzeaje7 jtuamcuje jbj{nq tcvabnt lf cu`jctu >:* at jxpjduje ul dlmj f{lm bj~ kzaèabnt uh{lznh ctqtujmt cpp{lcdh cppàdcualb ab kzaèabn ejtanb cbe lpj{cualb7

MdGabtjq ;??19 jdlblmadc``q cbe ujdhbadc``q fjctak`j ul {jezdj

n`lkc` jmattalbt kq 4:* f{lm 311? `jvj`t cbe >?* f{lm ;???`jvj`t kq ;?4? ul gjjp uhj ~l{è ~auhab c ;-ejn{jj abd{jctj lf p{j-abeztu{ac` ujmpj{cuz{jt


12/27

Jtuamcuje jdlblmad mauancualb plujbuac` kq tjdul{ cbe {jnalbJtuamcuje jdlblmad mauancualb plujbuac` kq tjdul{ cbe {jnalb

Uhj nlle bj~t9 kza`eabnt tjdul{ hct hanhjtujdlblmad mauancualb plujbuac`


13/27

@l~ dltu {jezdualbt f{lm tztucabck`j dlbtzmpualb@l~ dltu {jezdualbt f{lm tztucabck`j dlbtzmpualb


14/27

@l~ dltu mauancualb plujbuac` (tj`jduje dlzbu{ajt!@l~ dltu mauancualb plujbuac` (tj`jduje dlzbu{ajt!


15/27

Mauancualb lppl{uzbauajt9 kzaèabnt (3!Mauancualb lppl{uzbauajt9 kzaèabnt (3!

_l~j{ ztj ab kzaèabnt vl`zbuc{q p{ln{cmt, kzaèabn cbecppàcbdj tucbec{et cbe `ckj`t (abtuauzuje ab 6? ejvj`lpje cbeejvj`lpabn dlzbu{ajt fl{ cppàcbdjt!, jezdcualbc` p{ln{cmt, kjtup{cduadj cbe kjbdhmc{gabn p{ln{cmt, tucuj mc{gju u{cbtfl{mcualbp{ln{cmt, fabcbdabn, cbe pzk ad tjdul{ p{ldz{jmjbu"

Jxcmp`jt9

Z"T" - ml{j uhcb 5? hlztjhlè cppàcbdjt c{j tzkijdu ul fjej{c`

mcbecul{q cbel{ vl`zbuc{q jbj{nq pj{fl{mcbdj tucbec{e7Icpcb Jbj{nq Jffadajbdq @c~ (pj{uabjbu ul kza eabnt, uc{njuabnejtanb tucnj cbe lpj{cualbt tucnj!7 Ulp [zbbj{ _{ln{cm 7Cddj`j{cualb lf Yj{l-Jmattalb Kzaèabnt (YJK!

Dhabc- hct c`tl amp`jmjbuje mabamzm pj{fl{mcbdj {jsza{jmjbutfl{ ca{ dlbeaualbj{t cbe {jf{anj{cul{t uhj pctu tjvj{c` qjc{t7 Dhabct

{jnz`cualb lb jbj{nq dlbtj{vcualb lb dava` kzaèabnt, dj{uafadcualbp{ldjtt lf n{jjb kzaèabnt kq uhj Mabatu{q lf Dlbtu{zdualb cbe uhjAbuj{bcualbc` @jcej{thap ab Jbj{nq cbe Jbva{lbmjbuc` Ejtanb(@JJE! ckj`


16/27

Mauancualb abauacuavjt9 kzaèabnt (;!Mauancualb abauacuavjt9 kzaèabnt (;!

_zkàd tjdul{ p{ldz{jmjbu lbj lf uhj `c{njtutlz{djt lf jbe-ztj dlbtzmpualb cbe dcb hj`p e{avjjdlblmajt lf tdc`j jc{`q ab uhj ejp`lqmjbu lf bj~ujdhbl`lnajt"

Jxcmp`jt9 Cn{jjmjbu lb Nlvj{bmjbu _{ldz{jmjbu kquhj ÛL (tj{vjt ct c mlej` fl{ pz{dhctabn jffadajbu

cppàcbdjt ztje ab pzkàd cbe nlvj{bmjbu kzaèabnt7Dhabc, Gl{jc cbe Icpcb hcvj c`{jceq amp`jmjbujetu{cujnajt fl{ pz{dhctabn jbj{nq-jffadajbu nllet fl{nlvj{bmjbu ztj (n{jjb p{ldz{jmjbu!

D`ltj{ ~l{gabn {j`cualbthap kju~jjb bcualbc` cbe

`ldc` nlvj{bmjbut fl{ jffjduavj plàdq amp`jmjbucualb,jn" Dhabct amp`jmjbucualb lf z{kcb eatu{adu hjcuabn{jfl{m ab bl{uhj{b dauajt


17/27

Mauancualb abauacuavjt cbe lppl{uzbauajt 9 u{cbtpl{u (3!Mauancualb abauacuavjt cbe lppl{uzbauajt 9 u{cbtpl{u (3!

Jmattalb {jezdualb f{lm uhj u{cbtpl{u tjdul{ dcb kj cdhajvje kq9

c! {jezdabn zbbjdjttc{q u{cvj` uh{lznh `cbe-ztj p`cbbabn, dlbnjtualb dhc{njtcbe blb-mlul{ayje u{cbtpl{u7

k! Thafuabn l{ {jucababn mlej thc{j lf mctt u{cbtpl{u7 cbe

d! Amp{lvabn jbj{nq abujbtauq uh{lznh fzj` t~audhabn l{ fzj` jffadajbdq tucbec{e

Mcbq Ctacb dauajt hcvj uhj cevcbucnj lf hanh-ejbtauq cbemaxje-ztj jbva{lbmjbut, {jezdabn eatucbdj u{cvj``je cbejbj{nq ztj7 mcbq hcvj hanh `jvj`t lf blb-mlul{atje u{cbtpl{u(~c`gabn cbe dqdàbn!

Tjvj{c` dauajt ab uhj {jnalb hcvj {jezdje u{cbtpl{u jbj{nq ~auh`cbe ztj p`cbbabn, jn" Tabncpl{j ~auh c p`cb fl{ dlmpcdu dauqab 31>3 cbe uh{lznh {lce p{adabn tdhjmjt ab 311?t, hctàmauje n{l~uh ab jbj{nq-abujbtavj pj{tlbcàtje u{cbtpl{u"


18/27

Mauancualb abauacuavjt cbe lppl{uzbauajtMauancualb abauacuavjt cbe lppl{uzbauajt u{cbtpl{u (;!u{cbtpl{u (;!

Thcbnhcat abblvcuavj àdjbtj p`cuj czdualbabn tqtujmk{lznhu uhj bzmkj{ lf vjhad`jt ul lbj-taxuh uhj `jvj` lf czul-f{ajbe`q Kjaiabn

Cb abd{jctj ab uhj kzt {cpae u{cbtau (K[U! p{ln{cmt (cklzu 4?ab Ctac ab ;??1!

@anhu {ca` cbe mju{l {ca` ab ejvj`lpabn Ctact ejbtj`qplpz`cuje dauajt, jn" Ej`ha Mju{l d{jeauje fl{ tj{vabn ;";6ma`àlb pcttjbnj{t eca`q cbe mauancuabn cb jtuamcuje 48,???ulbbjt lf DL; cbbzc``q tabdj dlmp`jualb ab ;??6

Tdc`je zp amp{lvjmjbut ab pzkàd u{cbtpl{u, jn" Ic~chc{`c`

Bjh{z Bcualbc` Z{kcb [jbj~c` Mattalb ab Abeac- cnlvj{bmjbu-abauacuje p{ln{cm ul c``ldcuj cpp{lx" ZT%;:ka`àlb ul z{kcb ejvj`lpmjbu p{lijdut ab 64 dauajt f{lm ;??:-;?3;


19/27

Tztucabck`j dlbtzmpualb ab uhj u{cbtpl{uTztucabck`j dlbtzmpualb ab uhj u{cbtpl{ucbe ab kzaèabntcbe ab kzaèabnt-- tlmj plàdq tcmp`jttlmj plàdq tcmp`jt


20/27

Tztucabck`j dlbtzmpualb pl`adq abauacuavjt ab kza`eabnt


21/27

5" Kc{{aj{t cu uhj jbe5" Kc{{aj{t cu uhj jbe--ztj{t `jvj`9ztj{t `jvj`9 kzaèabntkzaèabnt

C" @cdg lf dlbtzmj{ dhladj- fl{ kzaèabnt c`{jceq kzaù7 uhj p{abdapc`-cnjbu (_C! p{lk`jm c{atjt ~hjb abvjtul{t ~hl pzu ab mlbjq ul amp{lvjjffadajbdq el blu bjdjttc{a`q {jdjavj uhj kjbjfaut lf jbj{nq tcvje( ~hjb `cbe`l{e pcqt fl{ amp{lvjmjbut cbe ujbcbu pcqt fl{ jbj{nq ka``t,abvjtumjbu ~a`` blu kj mcej!" Cb lppltauj _C p{lk`jm c{atjt ~hjbjbj{nq ka``t c{j pcae kq uhj `cbe`l{e, `jcvabn uhj ujbcbu ~auh blabdjbuavj ul mlej{cuj jbj{nq ztj"

K" Hanh abauac` dlbtzmj{ dltut ~ha`j mcbq abvjtul{t mcq {jcàyj uhj`lbn-{zb tcvabnt uh{lznh jffadajbdq, amp{lvjmjbut {jsza{j tzktucbuac`fabcbdac` {jtlz{djt ~hadh abvjtul{t mcq jauhj{ blu hcvj cejszcuj lf, l{bl cddjtt ul fabcbdac` abtuauzualbt fl{ uhcu pz{pltj"

D" @cdg lf dlbtzmj{ c~c{jbjtt- `cdg lf {j`jvcbu abfl{mcualb cvca`ck`jfl{ dlbtzmj{t7 `cdg lf kzaèabn tucbec{et cbe `ckjàbn fl{ cppàcbdjtkzaèabn ejvj`lpj{t cbe cppàcbdj mcbzfcduz{j{t bjje ul dlmmzbadcujuhj plujbuac` dlbu{akzualb ul fabcbdac` tcvabnt cbe {jezdje jmattalbtuh{lznh uhja{ p{lezdut


22/27

Kc{{aj{t cu uhj jbeKc{{aj{t cu uhj jbe--ztj{t `jvj`9ztj{t `jvj`9 u{cbtpl{uu{cbtpl{u

C" @cdg lf dlbtzmj{ dhladj-

ejdàbabn pzkàd u{cbtpl{u thc{j cd{ltt dauajt ab ejvj`lpabn Ctaccmaetu c thc{p abd{jctj ab u{cvj` ejmcbe7 n{l~abn dlbdj{bt {j"amp{lvjmjbut ab pzkàd u{cbtpl{u tj{vadj cbe szcàuq, jn" ab Abeac, cejeadcuje dauq kzt tj{vadj lpj{cujt ab lb`q 3> lf uhj dlzbu{qt 4:dauajt ~auh plpz`cualbt lvj{ lbj ma`àlb7 luhj{ dlbdj{bt abd`zejcffl{eckaàuq fl{ `l~ abdlmj tjnmjbut lf uhj plpz`cualb

~hjb abblvcuavj mlejt el blu pj{fl{m ct ~j`` ct abauac``qcbuadapcuje, jn" ^ha`j Icgc{uct K[U p{ln{cmt fa{tu àbj hctkjdlmj plpz`c{, uhj p{lijdut luhj{ àbjt hcvj hce `l~j{lddzpcbdq {cujt cbe tcvje `jtt uamj cbe jbj{nq7 luhj{ jxcmp`jtabd`zej uhj lpj{cualbc` attzjt lb Ej`hat K[U lb c :-gm pa`lu àbj

hcvj `je ul uhcu pl{ualb lf uhj {lce kjabn dc``je uhj dl{{ael{ lfdhclt


23/27

Dlbuabzjeu{cbtpl{uDlbuabzjeu{cbtpl{u

K" Hanh dltut- pc{uadz`c{`q dhc``jbnabn ab dlzbu{ajt ~auh {cpae`q

z{kcbayabn pll{ plpz`cualbt ct ab uhj dctj lf Ej`ha, Abeac~aubjttabn c thc{p abd{jctj ab z{kcb man{cbut ~hl tjuu`jelzutaej uhj p`cbbje ylbabn uhj pctu ; ejdcejt ejtpauj uhjejvj`lpmjbu lf c mctuj{ p`cb ~hadh jbdlz{cnje maxje `cbeztj p`cbbabn ab 311?7 cffl{eckaàuq attzjt ab uhj Ej`ha mju{l7

D" Bjje ul jbhcbdj dlbtzmj{ c~c{jbjtt -bjje ul tjbtauayjplpz`cualbt ul u{cbtpl{ucualbt dltut cbe abd{jctj c~c{jbjttlf jbj{nq tcvabnt, jn" Abelbjtacb nlvj{bmjbut tzktaeq dzulb p{jmazm nctlàbj cbe eajtj` kq cpp{lxamcuj`q 4?* cbezuaàyje c pzkàd jezdcualb dcmpcanb ul jxp`cab uhj fz`` dltutul uhj pzkàd, dcztabn luhj{t ul e{avj `jtt7 luhj{ jxcmp`jt

abd`zej uhj Icgc{uc dc{-f{jj ecq cb cbbzc` jvjbu ~hadh kjncbab ;??; fl``l~je kq Tz{ckcqc, Klnl{ cbe Qlnqcgc{uc"


24/27

:" ^cq Fl{~c{e:" ^cq Fl{~c{e-- Tlmj uhlznhutTlmj uhlznhut

3" Dlbtzmj{t cee{jttabn dlbtzmj{t `cdg lf c~c{jbjtt uh{lznh plàdajt uhcu

jezdcuj uhj pzkàd lb uhj kjbjfaut cbe ampcdut lf uhja{ dhladjt c{jjffjduavj ull`t jn" jdl-`ckjàbn tzdh ct Icpcbt jbj{nq tcvabn`ckjàbn p{ln{cm tabdj Cp{a` ;??6 cppàje ul 34 p{lezdut7 p{lvatalblf jdl-plabut fl{ pz{dhctj lf jdl-f{ajbe`q p{lezdut

uhj ztj lf uhj àfj dqd`j cpp{lcdh (@DC! c pl~j{fz` ull` ul hj`pdlmpc{j uhj dlbtjszjbdjt lf dhladjt ab àbj ~auh uhja{ vc`zjt cbep{jfj{jbdjt cbe hj`p abd{jctj c~c{jbjtt fl{ tzdh p{lezdut7

cee{jttabn hanh dcpauc` dltut cttldacuje ~auh mcgabn uhj {anhu

dlbtzmj{ dhladjt fl{ n{jjb p{lezdut, jn" nlvj{bmjbu p{ln{cm l{{jkcujt, abdjbuavjt

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mitigation initiatives and opportunities in urbanizing asia: buildings and transport sectors

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