MIT Sea Grant College ProgrCambridge, Massachusetts 021

1971-1990

Directory ofMIT Sea Grant College Program

Publications

MIT Sea Grant College ProgramCambridge, Massachvsetts

Septembe r 1990MITSG 90-12

! MIT Sea Grant College Program

ISBN ¹1-56172-002-X

Compiled by: Hilary ThorntonEdited by: Karen HartleyProduced by: Leah McGavernCover by: Tekla McInerney

HOW TO ORDER A SEA GRANT

PUBLICATION

Hemisphere Publishing Corp.79 Madison Ave.NY, NY 10016

John Wiley 8r. Sons605 Third Ave.NY, NY 10158

Marcel Dekker Inc.270 Madison Ave,NY, NY 10016MIT Sea Grant College Program

Publications DepartmentRoom E38-3%292 Main StreetCambridge, MA 02139

Since MIT became part of the national Sea Grantnetwork of universities in 1968, the program hasissued more than 450 technical, advisory andeducational publications. These publicationsrepresent the range of Sea Grant-sponsored researchand the program's dedication to making usefulinformation available to any audience concernedwith the use of the nation's marine resources. Thisvolume complements MITSG 756 and 86-11,directories listing all MlT Sea Grant CollegeProgram publications from 1971-1986.

Technical, advisory and education reports publishedby the MIT Sea Grant College Program may beobtained from one of several sources described below.

Ordering from MIT Sea GrantMost reports are available from the Sea GrantCommunications/Information Service. The pricelisted with each entry includes the cost of printing,handling and fourth class mailing. Reports can bemailed first class for an additional fee. Order formsare provided in the back of the directory. Ifapplicable, enclose a check or money order payableto the MIT Sea Grant College Program, Mail the formand payment to:

Please refer to the ~ number when requestingpublications. The first number following the lettersMITSG indicates the year in which the publicationwas produced, followed by where the report falls inthe series.

National Sea Grant DepositoryIndividuals, businesses, agencies ancl universities canborrow all publications � 1971-1990 � for 30 days fromthe National Sea Grant Depository, Pell MarineScience Library, University of Rhode Island,Narraganset, RI 02282. The Sea Grant InformationCenter at MIT also maintains a complete inventory ofthe publications, which may be read on the premises.Out-of-print items may be found in either of theselocations.

National Technical

Information ServiceReports for which an NTIS number is given may beordered fram the U.S. Department of Commerce,National Technical Information Service, 5285 PortRoyal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Phone: �03!487-4600. Because NTIS requires prepayment, andprices of paper or microfiche copies of thepublications are subject to change, write or call NTISfor a price quotation.

Outside PublishersSome listings indicated that certain reports must beordered from publishing companies. The addresses ofthese companies are:

The MIT Sea Grant Quarterhj Report abstracts newtechnical reports, advisory and educationpublications. If you would like to be added to themailing list, please write to the MIT Sea GrantCollege Program, Room F38-300, MIT, 292 MainStreet, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Editor's NatePublications prior to 1980 are not abstracted in thisvolume. For abstracts of publications publishedbefore 1978, please refer to MITSG 78-6, Volume 1 ofMIT Sea Grant Program Publications 1970-1977. Forabstracts of publications published in 1978 and 1979,please refer to MITSG 86-11, Volume 2 of MIT SeaGrant Program Publications. The following abstractsdescribe aII MIT Sea Grant publications from 1980through spring of 1990.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

HOW TO ORDER A SEA GRANT PUBLICATION.RESEARCH.

Coastal Processes.Waves and Currents.....................................................Seawater Intrusion,.Salt Marshes...............................................................

Coastal Zone ManagementEnergy and Marine Mineral Resources.Alternative Energy Sources.Fisheries..

General .Fisheries Management.Fisheries Gear and Equipment.Underutilized Species.Processing.

Marine Biology,Algae and Red Tide..Biotech nology,

PollutionGeneral .Oil Spills.Waste Disposal and TreatmentPollutant Transport,

Ocean EngineeringGeneral .Arctic and Ice TechnologyMaterials and Testing.Underwater Welding.Underwater Vehicles.Hydrodynamics.

General,Ship Hydrodynamics,

Offshore Structures.General.Risers and Cables ..Soils and Foundations.Hydrodynamic Loading and Structural Response

Marine ArchitectureMarine Policy.

ADVISORY SERVICES..MIT Marine Industry CollegiumOpportunity Briefs.

EDUCATION .Fisheries Engineering.Lectures and Seminars.

Sea Grant Lecture and Seminar Series.Robert Bruce Wallace Lectures.Other Lectures.

Engineering Education.GUIDES AND DIRECTORIES.,NEWSLETTERS k BROCHURESADVISORY REPORTS AND FACT SHEETS..PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

4 4.....4

.6..... 6

.89

10111111ll14

16

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�970-1973!. MITSG 74-8. NTIS: COM-74-10269.Order from NTIS.

Journal of Physical Oceanography, Vol. 8, No. 6,1978. No charge.

Greer, Matthew N., and Ole S. Madsen.LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORTDATA � A REVIEW. MITSG 79-28J. NTIS: PB80-164-536. Reprinted from Coastal EngineeringConference � proceedings �6th: 1978: Hamburg,West Germany! sponsored by the AmericanSociety of Civil Engineers.

Graber, Hans C�and Ole S. Madsen. A PARAMETRICWIND-WAVE MODEL FOR ARBITRARYWATER DEPTHS. ~ 88-7J. 7pp. Singlecopies free; subsequent copies $1 each.

This paper derives a finite depth wind-wavemodel by extensions of methodologies andconcepts developed in the context of deep waterwind-wave models to include finite deptheffects, A hybrid parametric wind-wave model isbased on an energy flux transport formulation andincludes shoa ling, refraction, and bottomfrictional dissipation, as well as finite depthmodifications of the atmospheric input of non-linear wave-wave interaction source terms. Themodel is applied to predict wave characteristicsresulting from a complex frontal system thatpassed over the Atlantic Remote Sensing LandOcean Experiment site in 1980. Predictedbehavior is supported by observation. Reprintedfrom The Ocean Surface, Y. Toba and H.Mitsuyasu, editors.

Graber, Hans C., and Ole S. Madsen. A FINITE-DEPI'H WIND-WAVE MODEL. PART I�

MODEL DESCRIPTION. ~ 89-17J. 19pp. $2.

Wave growth as waves propagate from deep toshallow water is limited by wave- bottominteractions. But few field measurements exist tohelp model the energy balance of shallow waterwaves and the relative importance of finite-depth processes. In order to understand surfacewaves in finite-depth water, the authors presenta numerical model for wave behavior in alimited-depth sea. The study shows that bottomfriction is as important as nonlinear energytransfer in controlling spectral shape in shallowwater, that the spectral peak wanders towardshigher frequencies, and that equilibrium energyspectra depend on bottom roughness. Reprintedfrom Journal of Physical Oceanography,November 1988.

Madsen, Ole S. MASS TRANSPORT IN DEEP-WATER WAVES. ~ 78-18J, Reprinted from

Madsen, Ole S, A REAUSIIC MODEL OF THEWIND-INDUCED EKMAN BOUNDARYLAYER. MITSG 77-11J. NTIS: PB-271 148/AS.Reprinted from the Journal of PhysicalOceanography, Vol. 7, No. 2, 1977. Order fromNTIS.

Madsen, Ole S., David W. Ostendorf, and Andrea SReyman. A LONGSHORE CURRENT MODEL.MITSG 78-16J. NTIS: PB-290-225/AS. Reprintedfrom Coastal Zone '78: proceedings of theSymposium on Technical, Environmental,Socioeconomic and Regulatory Aspects of CoastalZone Management �978: San Francisco! sponsoredby the American Society of Civil Engineers,Order from NTIS.

Madsen, Ole S., Ying-Keung Poon, and Hans C.Graber. SPECTRAL WAVE ATTENUATION BYBOTTOM FRICTION � THEORY-and-

Madsen, Ole S., and Michael M, Rosengaus.SPECTRAL MODEL FOR WAVEATTENUATION BY BOTTOM FRICTION�EXPERIMENTS. MITSG 89-23J. 22pp. Singlecopies free; subsequent copies $1 each.

To predict waves at finite depths, researchersmust know how much wave energy is lost due tobottom friction. This study builds on a recentlyderived relationship between spectraldescriptions and statistics of individual waves tobridge the gap between two methods of computingspectral wave attenuation due to bottom friction.The researchers present a simple method thatneeds only the surface wave spectrum based onheight and period! and the bottom roughness forcalculation of wave attenuation by bottomdissipation. The method is shown to be accuratefor the important range of intermediate toshallow water waves. Reprinted from The 21stInternational Coastal Engr'neering Conference,1988.

It is necessary to consider the bottom roughness, orwave friction factor, when predicting theattenuation of waves propagating in flnite waterdepth over a movable bottom. This study presentsexperimental results for the attenuation of aspectrum of waves in these conditions. Theattenuation of individual frequency componentswas expressed in terms of friction factors, and itwas found that these factors exhibited onlyminor variations. These findings support the

simple theoretical model proposed by Madsen, etal. above. Reprinted from The 21st InternationalCoastal Engineering Conference, 1988.

Manohar-Maharaj, Veshpati, Robert C. Beardsley,and Joseph Karpen. SPRING RUN-OFF ANDNUTRIENT- SEAWATER DENSITYCORRELATIONS IN THE MASSACHUSETTSBAY. MITSG 74-9. NTIS: COM-74-10407. $4.

INTRUSION IN ESTUARIES. MITSG 72-7,TIS: COM-72-10670. $5.

Thatcher, M. Llewellyn, and Donald RS. HarlemanPREDICTION OF UNSTEADY SALINITYINTRUSION IN ESTUARIES�MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND USER'SMANUAL. MITSG 72-21. NTIS: COM-73-10543.$4.

Milgram, Jerome H. WAVES AND WAVE FORCES,MITSG 76-19. NTIS: PB-263 423/AS. No charge,

Mollo-Christensen, Erik L THE LARGEVARIABILITY OF WATER QUALITY INCOASTAI. WATERS AND SUGGESTIONS FORHOW WE CAN HANDLE THEM. MITSG 73-4.Reprinted from Tools for Coastal ZoneManagement. Iviarine Technology Society!. $1.

Ostendorf, David W. and Ole S. Madsen, ANANALYSIS OF LONGSHORE CURRENTS ANDASSOCIATED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT INTHE SURF ZONE. MITSG 79-13. NTIS: PB-298-291/AS. $8.

Pagenkopf, James R,, George C. Christodoulou, BrianR. Pierce, and Jerome J. Connor. A USER'SMANUAL FOR "CAFE-2" � A TWO LAYER

FINITE ELEMENT CIRCULATION MODEL.MTISG 774. Out of print.

Parker, Bruce B., and Brian R. Pierce. THERESPONSE OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY TOWIND STRESS. MITSG 75-2. NTIS: COM-75-10598/AS. $3.

Wang, John D., and Jerome J. Connor.MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NEARCOASTAL CIRCULATION. MITSG 75-13. NTIS:COM-75-10889/AS. $5

Seawater Intrusion

Fisher, John S., John D. Ditmars, and Arthur T. Ippen.MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF TIDALTIME AVERAGES OF SALINITY ANDVELOCITY PROFILES IN ESTUARIES. MITSG72-11. NTIS: COM-73-10053. $4.

Sa'da Costa, Antonio, and John L. Wilson. ANUMERICAL MODEL OF SEAWATERINTRUSION IN AQUIFERS. MITSG 79-27.NTIS: PB80-163-363. $8.

Thatcher, M. Llewellyn, and Donald R.F. Harleman.A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THEPREDICTION OF UNSTEADY SALIMTY

Wilson, John L, and Antonio Sa'da Costa. FINITEELEMENT SMULATION OF ASALTWATER/FRESHWATER INTERFACEWITH INDIRECT TOE TRACKING. MITSG 82-21J. 11pp. No charge.

In this journal reprint vertically integratedequations for two-layered gravity-segregatedflow in an aquifer are solved using the finiteelement method, The transition from two layersto one constitutes a moving boundary which mustbe calculated as part of the solution, An indirectnumerical proced ure using a fixed grid is proposedto track the boundary. The procedure isillustrated with an application to the gravitysegregation problem. In this example the modelperforms accurately and is considerably lessexpensive than equivalent grid regeneration ormoving grid schemes. The primary area ofapplication is to the prediction of seawaterintrusion in groundwater aquifers using regional,essentially horizontal flow models. Reprintedfrom Water Resources Research, v,18, no.4,August 1982, pp.1069-1080.

Salt Marshes

Burke, Roger W., and Keith D. Stolzenbach. FREESURFACE FLOW THROUGH SALT MARSHGRASS. ME 83-16. 252pp. Photocopy onlyavailable. $10.50.

Using salt marshes for activities such asmariculture or waste disposal requires that weknow more of how substances move through theseareas. A numerical model is presented forpredicting the vertical variation of flow throughand above large obstructions, with specialemphasis on tidafly inundated marsh grass.Because the grass may extend through the depthof the water column, thus affecting the stress atthe air-water interface, the model has thecapability to extend the calcuIations into theoverlying air layer. The model is able to computethe simultaneous vertical distribution of bothhorizontal velocity components.

Hemoud, Harold F, A LOW-COSTMULTICHANNEL RECORDING PIEZOMETERSYSTEM FOR WETLAND RESEARCH. MITSG82-7J. 5pp. No charge.

A low~st system for the continuous recording ofpiezometric head is described. The system usesinexpensive earphones as sonar transducers,while using the narrow stem of the piezometer asan acoustic waveguide. The system overcomesseveral of the problems commonly encountered intidal wetland investigations by providing rapidresponse, freedom from operator disturbance frompeat compression, and essentially continuousautomatic data recording in a directly machine-readable medium. Reprinted from WaterResources Research, v.18, no.l, February 1982,pp.182-186.

Hemond, Harold F. and Jayne I Fifield.SUBSURFACE FLOW IN SALT MARSH PEAT.MITSG 82-6J, 1 1 pp. No charge.

Subsurface flow within peat in GreatSippewissett Marsh was measured by field testsand mathematical modeling, Tidal influence wasfound to be slight; the subsurface flow wasdominated by an upward flow of gtoundwater toreplace loss from evapotranspiration. Thissubsurface flow may be typical of much of themarsh, but does not describe conditions near thecreekbanks. Sensitivity analyses show thatpermeability is the most important property ofpeat influencing subsurface flow in the interiormarsh. Reprinted from Limnology andOceanography, v.27, no.l, 1982, pp.126-136.

Coastal Zone Managementsee also CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO SOURCES FOR

MARINE AND COASTAL INFORMATION INMASSACHUSETTS, page 58.

Acornb, Glenn, Sandy Bodmer-Turner, Gary Gulezian,Jan Taniguchi, Judith Wiegand, John Wienekeand Wesley Worley. MANAGINGGLOUCESTER'S COAST. MITSG 77-23. NTIS:PB-276 443/AS. $290.

Barrington, Kathy, Judith T. Kildow, DeborahKramer, and Lina Newhouse. BUILDINGPUBLIC/PRIVATE COOPERATION IN THECOASTAL ZONE. MITSG 76-4. NTIS: PB-261967/AS. $10.

Devanney, John W., III, Glenn Ashe, and BethParkhurst. PARABLE BEACH � A PRIMER INCOASTAL ZONE ECONOMICS. MITSG 75-11,Out of print.

Devanney, John W., III, and Robert C. Blumberg.STUDENT PROJECTS ON COASTAL ZONEAND OFFSHORE RESOURCESMANAGEMENT. MITSG 72-13. NTIS: COM-73-10262. Order from NTIS.

Devanney, John W� III, Edgardo R. Derbes, WilliamW. Seifert, and W, Wood. ECONOMICFACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACOASTAL ZONE. MITSG 71-1. NTIS: PB-195224, Order from NTIS.

Ducsik, Dennis W. SHORELINE FOR THE PUBLI-A HANDBOOK OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC,AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDINGPUBLIC RECREATIONAL USE OF THENATION'S COASTAL SHORELINE. MITSG 74-16, Out of print.

Ducsik, Dennis W. TEACHING COASTAL ZONEMANAGE MENT � AN INTRODUCTORYCOURSE SYLLABUS. MITSG 75-1. NTIS: COM-75-10033/AS. Order from NTIS.

Engellenner, Thomas, Fred Curtis, and William W.Seifert, editors. THE BOSTON SOUTH SHOREAREA � SOME PROBLEMS AND CONFLICTS.MITSG 75-23, PB 274 646/AS. Order from NTIS,

Gutman, Andrew L., Michael J. Goetz, Francesca D,Brown, James F. Lentowski, and Wesley N.Tiffney, Jr. NANTUCKET SHORELINESURVEY. MITSG 79-7. Out of print.

Kaminski, Charles, editor, MODELING ANDGAMING FOR REGIONAL PLANNING � AMAINE STUDY. MITSG 74-25. NTIS: COM-75-10188/AS, $8.

Kildow, Judith T. BOSTON HARBORMANAGEMENT STUDY, MITSG 81-15. NTIS:PB82-178-864. 268pp. $10.50.

This hnaI report studies problems with currentmanagement of the Boston Harbor and includesrecommendations on ways to improve it.Emphasis is on centralizing authority for thedevelopment of the harbor and striking a babncebetween the needs of the public and privatesectors. The author compares management ofBoston's harbor with that of six other majorurban harbors across the nation and analyzessome ot'the issues, such as public access, marinadevelopment, and water quality, with whichplanners need to deal as Boston Harbor expands.

McFherson, Roy N., editor. GLOUCESTERRESOURCE STUDY. MITSG 74-3. NTIS: COM-74-10270, $5.

Passero, Barbara, and Mary Jane Scale, editors,COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT � FOCUS ONNEW ENGLAND; AN ANNOTATEDBIBLIOGRAPHY. MITSG 75-21. NTIS: PB-254019/AS. Order from NTIS,

Rosenbaum, Lisa T., editor. LYNN HARBOR�PLANNING FOR COASTAL DEVELOPMENT.MITSG 78-3. NTIS: PB286-245/AS. $8.

Rosenbaum, Lisa T., and William W. Seifert, editors,SUGGES11ONS FOR THE REVITALIZATIONOF THE VILLAGE OF HYANNIS. MITSG 79-21,$8,

THE STATE INDUSTRY WORKSHOP ON THECOASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1972.MITSG 74-1. NTIS: COM 73-11939. Order fromNTIS.

Energy and Marine Mineral ResourcesDevanney, John W., ill. THE OCS PETROLEUM PIE.

MlTSG 75-10. NTIS: COM-75-10599/AS. Orderfrom NTIS.

Devanney, John W., III Joseph B. Lassiter III, et al.PRIMARY PHYSICAL IMPACTS OFOFFSHORE PETROLEUM DEVELOPMENTS�REPORT TO COUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTALQUALITY. MITSG 74-20. NTIS: COM-74-11125/AS. $8,

Ducsik, Dennis W,, and William W. Seifert, editors.POWER, POLLUTION, AND PUBLIC POLICY.MITSG 71-8. MIT Press, 1971. Out of print.

Hutton, John. IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE OIL ONNORTHEAST SCOTLAND, MITSG 75-15. NTIS:COM-75-11026/AS. Order from NTIS.

Lahman, Howard S., Jr., and Joseph B. Lassiter III.THE EVOLUTION AND UTILIZATION OFMARINE MINERAL RESOURCES. MITSG 72-9.NTIS: COM-72-11043. $5.

Lassiter, Joseph B., III, and John W. Devanney, IILTHE ECONOMICS OF ARCTIC OILTRANSPORTATION. MITSG 71-4, Reprintedfrom Muff uud Hafen 22 November 1970!. pp.15-21. $1.

Lassiter, Joseph 8., III James E Soden, and Robert J.Powers. AN ASSAY OF THE MARINERESOURCES OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY.MITSG 74-26. NTIS: COM-74-11589/AS. $2.50.

Moore, Stephen F�Robert L Dwyer, and Althur M,Katz. A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THEENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OFMACHIAS BAY, MAINE, TO OILSUPERTANKERS. MITSG 73-6. NTIS: COM-73-10564, Order from NTIS.

Nyhart, J.D., Lance Antrim, Arthur E. Capstaff,Alison D, Kohler, and Dale Leshaw. A COSTMODEL OF DEEP OCEAN MINING ANDASSOCIATED REGULATORY ISSUES. MITSG78-4. NTIS: PB281-863/AS. $8.

Nyhart, J.D., Michael S. Triantafyllou, James M.Averback, and Michael A. Gillia. TOWARDDEEP OCEAN MINING IN THE NINETIES.MITSG 82-1. NTIS: PB82-221151. 31 pp. $4.

An MIT Sea Grant team, NOAA's Office of OceanMinerals and Energy, and three consultants havecollaborated to devise a reasonable scenario ofevents of a hypothetical pioneer deep oceanmanganese nodules mining project progressing tocoinmercial production. Detailed descriptions ofevents in three main project stages are given: pre-pigduction, contract and construction investment!, and commercial production. Thenarrative describes the projected major events forpurposes of cost modelling and analysis.

Nyhart, J,D., and Michael S. Trlantafyllou. APIONEER DEEP OCEAN MINING VENTURE.MITSG 83-14. NTIS: PB84-199445. 255pp. $8.

Using the MIT-NOAA Deep Ocean MiningModel, the authors thoroughly analyze theeconomic outcomes of a hypothetical pioneerdeep ocean manganese nodule mining project. Adetailed narrative of likely events leading tofull commercial production is provided. Capitaland operating costs are estimated, andassumptions necessary to the financial analysismade in the model are described. Finally, acomplete financial analysis is detailed based onestimated costs, timing, regulatory policies, etc.

Offshore Oil Task Group. THE GEORGES BANKPETROLEUM STUDY. MITSG 73-5. NTIS: VOL.I: COM-73-10922; VOL. II: COM-73-10923;SUMMARY VOL.: COM-73-10924. Order fromNTIS.

Seifert, William W., Mohammed A. Bakr, and M.Ali Kettani. ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT-A CASE STUDY. MITSG 72-16. Order from NTIS.

Alternative Energy SourcesCarmichael, A. Douglas, AN EXPERIMENTAL

STUDY AND ENGINEERING EVALUATIONOF THE SALTER'S CAM WAVE ENERGYDEVICE. MITSG 78-22. NTIS: PB293-603/AS. $4.

Fay, James A., and Mark A. Smachlo. SMALL SCALETIDAL POWER PLANTS, Part 1: Performance,Part 2: Capital Cost. MITSG 82-9/10 . NTIS:PB83-118257. 30pp. and 28pp, $5. Updatedjournal reprints from Energy,November/December 1983, MITSG 83-28P willbe included upon request. No charge.

Currently in Maine there is interest in consideringan integrated system of small tidal powerfacilities in lieu of one large project, Withouttaking sides in the large vs. small discussion, thistwo-part report develops a generic approach tothe preliminary design and costing of a small-scale tidal power project. It provides informationto help quantify technical performance andcapital costs and discusses environmental effects.

Mynett, Arthur E., Demetrio D. Serman and ChiangC, Mei. CHARACTERISTICS OF SALTER'SCAM FOR EXTRACTING ENERGY FROMOCEAN WAVES. MITSG 79-12J. Reprinted fromApplied Ocean Research, Vol, 1, No, 1, 1979. $1.

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Goudey, Clifford A., and Ben Allen. FLOW TESTSON CABLES WITH FUZZ FAIRING. MITSG 89-31J. 4pp. $1.

Experimental comparisons were made of theeffect of fuzz fairing on the hydrodynamiccharacteristics of an electro-mechanical tawcable. The tests were done in the David TaylorResearch Center circulating water channel. Inaddition to bare and plain jacketed cables, threedifferent fairing stiffnesses were evaluated, eachat three different fairing lengths. Lift, drag andvibration data were taken at nominal angles ofattack of 23, 45 and 90 degrees and at speeds from1.0 to 5,0 knots.

Test results are presented in the form of lift anddrag coefficients and also as normal andtangential force coefficients. Faired cablesexhibited far less vibration than the unfairedcables, though the fairing stiffness affected theamount of this reduction and the flow speeds atwhich vibration would reestablish. The effect ofthe fairing on both the normal and tarrgentialforce components was dependent on the stiffnessand length of the fairing material. Because ofthe varying geometry of the faired cable craswsections due ta angle of attack and speed changes,the farce coefficients were found to be non-constant. Reprinted from Proceedrngs from Oceans'89, Seattle, Wash,, September 18-21, 1989.

Goudey, Cliff ord A. A QUICK-RELEASE HOOK FORLIFEBOATS AND OFFSHORE RIGGING.MITSG 82-23J. 4pp. No charge.

A quick-release hook has been developed forapplication in which release-under-loadcapability is essential, The design, anadaptation of a towing block developed for sidetrawlers, has proved successful in the launchingand retrieval of Coast Guard cutter lifeboats.This paper details design, fabrication andoperational tests. Other marine applications arediscussed. Reprinted from Proceedings fromOceans '82 Washington, D.C.!, pp.728-731.

Goudey, Clifford A., editor. RUSSIANTRANSLATIONS � ON TRAWLHYDRODYNAMICS and HYDRODYNAMICWATER CHANNEL FOR FISHING GEARRESEARCH. MITSG 83-32. Center for FisheriesEngineering Research, Report 5. 7pp. No charge.

First in a series of MIT Sea Grant reports aimedat disseminating foreign technical work which isgenerally unavailable. The twa translations,translated by Leonid Pukshansky, were selected

for their relevance to current work being done inthe U.S. On Trarol Hydrodynamics concernsextensive full-scale flow measurements in andaround a mid water trawl. Research techniquesused suggest the Russians have an active andwell supported gear research program. Thesecond article describes a USSR facility forhydrodynamic testing of model trawl gear.

Goudey, Clifford A. STANDARD SERIES TRAWLTESTS. Center for Fisheries EngineeringResearch, Report No. 10. MITSG 85-37. NTIS;PB86-21 7759/XAB. 27pp, $5.

Trawl fishing has become more competitive andthe value of proper design, construction andrigging is more evident. Because various designfeatures are interrelated, design changes canpresent unacceptable risks to both the trawldesigner and the fisherman. The report presentstest results, with numerous photographs, andanalyzes a series of trawl models aimed atunderstanding better the performance of fullsized nets,

Goudey, Clifford A. TEST RESULTS FROM THENEW ENGLAND TRAWL NET TRAININGCOURSES. Center for Fisheries EngineeringResearch, Report No. II. MITSG 85-33. NTIS;PB86-216504/XAB. 15pp. No charge.

Over the last two years the FisheriesEngineering Center at MIT has helped to organizeand run a series of net tests at the David TaylorNaval Ship RIED Center in Bethesda, Md. Thispublication includes reprints of articles writtenby Goudey for Commercial Pisherres ¹ws onmodel test results from the New England TrawlNet Training Courses which were held fromMarch through September 1985.

Goudey, Clifford A. TRAWL GEAR TOPIC&-REPRINTS FROM COMMERCIAL FISHERIESNEWS. MITSG 88-IOJ. 23pp. $1.

Trarol Gear Topics, contains 14 articles on fishinggear design and testing. Aided by charts, figuresand graphs, Goudey explains how gear efflciencyis influenced by headrope flotation, bridlegeometry and rigging adjustments. Goudey alsoreports on several shrimp trawls and details hisadaptation of a three-inane trawl forshrimping. Based on his research at the DavidTaylor Research Center in Bethesda, Md.,Gaudey discusses the benefits of tank testing, andpresents results from model tests of the Cape Maynet, Lethal trawl and fishing gear for a 334'factory trawler. Trarol Gear Topics also includes

12

articles on net plan notations, gear selectivityand a new vehicle for underwater gearobservation.

Goudey, Clifford A., and Angelos D. Heliotis. THEEFFECT OF BULBOUS BOW RETROFITS ONTHE RESISTANCE AND SEAKEEPING OF A 50METER FRESHFISH STERN TRAWLER.Fisheries Engineering Report No. 8. MITSG 85-15.48pp. No charge,

This report describes research conducted at MITon bulbous bow retrofits applied to a Canadiantrawler 50 meters in length, This vessel is thethird in a series of three hulls included in alarger study. The report presents experimentaldata and analyses, supplemented by results froma motions program and regression model inconjunction with ship model lowing tank results.

Goudey, Clifford A., and Craig A. Holberger. THEDEVELOPMENT OF FISHING TRAWLTESTING CAPABILITIES AT NSRDC. Center forFisheries Engineering Research, Report 6, MITSG84-10. 6pp. No charge.

MIT Sea Grant has developed apparatus to allowthe hydrodynamic testing of trawl nets at theDavid W. Taylor Naval Ship RRD Center inBethesda, Md. This paper describes the testfacilities and instrumentation used in the trawltests, A list of the nets tested to date is providedalong with examples of test results.

Goudey, Clifford A., and Margaret M. Linskey,RETROFIT SAIL-ASSIST ON NEW ENGLANDFISHING VESSELS. MITSG 83-12, Center forFisheries Engineering Research, Report 2, 18pp.No charge.

The predominant method of fishing in NewEngland is traw! ing, using vessels from 50 to 90feet long. This report describes a study todetermine the feasibility of sail-assist retrofiton these vessels. Preliminary designs, preparedwith the cooperation of owners of workingtrawlers, are reported, In addition, analyses areincluded of the potential economic effects, localwind conditions and compatibility with fishingactivities,

Goudey, Clifford A., Stephen p, Loutrel, and ArthurB. Clifton. AN IMPROVED TRAWL DOORHOOK-UP SYSTEM. MITSG 79-22, NTIS: PB80-127-422, $3.50.

Goudey, Clif ford A., and Robert S. Mant. FULLSCALE RESISTANCE TESTS OF YANKEE

TRAWLS OF BOTH NYLON ANDPOLYETHYLENE CONSTRUCTION. ~ 83-II. NTIS: PB84-129-147. Center for Fisheries

Engineering Research, Report 1. 12pp. No charge.

This is the first in a series of reports describingthe work of the MlT Center for FisheriesEngineering Research. Trawl tests were conductedat the Naval Ship Research and DevelopmentCenter using that facility's towing carriage andone of its towing basins. The report describescomparisons between Yankee 35 trawls made ofnylon and those made of polyethylene,

Heliotis, Angelos D.,and Clifford A. Goudey. TOWTANK RESULTS OF BULBOUS BOWRETROFITS ON NEW ENGLAND TRAWLERHULLS. Center for Fisheries EngineeringResearch, Report No, 9. MITSG 85-7. NTIS: PB86-172798/XAB, 45pp. No charge,

Most large ships are designed with blunt bulbousprojections on their bows to increase theefficiency of driving a hull through the water.Research in this report applies the rounded,bulbous concept of bow design to New Englandtrawlers 76' and 119' in overall length. Calmwater resistance tests were done with 4.5' models.Bare hull results were compared with datagathered when the models were retrofitted witha series of 12 cylindrical bulbous bows. Theresearchers concluded simple bulb shapes caneffectively reduce hull resistance at steamingspeeds typical for the trawler hulls studied andthereby reduce horsepower requirements.

Kellen, Andrew D. WASTE-HEAT-DRIVENREFRIGERATION PLANTS FOR FREEZERTRAWLERS. Center for Fisheries EngineeringResearch, Report No. 12. MITSG 86-9. 52pp, $1.

Recent Sea Grant research has investigated howa high efficiency, gas turbine engine could bedesigned to provide optimal fishing vesselpo wer. An attractive feature of such an enginewould be its ability to provide other shipboardservices such as refrigeration. This thesis in theDepartment of Mechanical Engineering describesdesign criteria and analyzes several options foran on-board refrigeration plant. The capabilityof being able to preserve fish for longer timescould reduce the number of trips fishermen make,thus saving them fuel and manpower costs.

Korakianitis, Theodosios P., and David G. Wilson.IMPROVEMENTS IN PART-LOADEFFICIENCY BY REDUCING PRESSURE

13

RATIO IN REGENERATIVE GAS-TURBINEENGINES. MITSG 85-8J, 8pp. No charge.

To obtain equal thermal efficiencies in gas-turbine engines, designers have the freedom barring space and mass constraints! to exchangecompressor pressure ratio for heat-exchangereffectiveness. The work reported here shows thatfor similar turbomachinery technology, design-point and part-load efficiencies improve as thedesign-point pressure ratio decreases and theheat~changer thermal ratio increases.Reprinted from Proceedings of the Gas TurbineConference and Exhibit, Houston, Texas, March1985. American Society of Mechanical Engineers,

Sutro, Louis L STUDY OF AUTOMATIC MEANS OFDETERMINING THE AGE OF FISH. ~ 72-2. NTIS: COM-72-10326. Order from NTIS.

Sutro, Louis L STUDY OF MEANS OFAUTOMATICALLY CLASSIFYINGPLANKTON. MITSG 74-11. NTIS: COM-74-10716. $3.

Wall, John C., and Stephen P. I.outrel. A NEWTOWING BLOCK FOR SIDE-TRAWLING.MITSG 75-24. NTIS: PB253-056. Reprinted fromProceedings from Oceans '75, the second annualconference sponsored by the Marine TechnologySociety and the Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers. No charge.

Wilson, David G., F.K. Poole, LD. Owens Jr., and J.Baglione. CONVERSION OFDECOMMlSSIONED AIRCRAFT GASTURBINES TO HIGH-EFFICIENCY MARINEUNITS. M1TSG 85-9J. 7pp. No charge.

This paper briefly discusses the positivepotential for converting existing higher-pressure-ratio gas turbines to a low-pressure-ratio highlyregenerated cycle with greatly improvedthermal efficiencies. To make it a good candidatefor conversion an engine should have either anaxial compressor or a two-stage centrifugalcompressor in which a pressure ratio of about 3:1could be reached in the modified engine.Reprinted from Proceedings of the Gas TurbineConference and Exhibit, Houston, Texas, March1985. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Wilson, David G., and Theodosios P. Korakianitis,POTENTIAL FOR ADVANCED BRAYTON-CYCLE ENGINES FOR COMMERCIALVESSELS. MITSG 84-15. Center for FisheriesEngineering Research, Report 7. 14pp. No charge.

The authors propose an engine that is predictedto improve fuel consumption by 10 to 30 percentover the advanced Diesel engine at full and partpower, while retaining its advantages of smallsize, reliability, and potentially lower cost, Theengine uses highly effective ceramic heatexchangers, which enable the compressorpressure ratio to be reduced from the common 5-15range to about 3. The result is an engine in whichstresses and speeds can be so reduced as to allowthe compressor to be made from a commercialreinforced plastic, while giving outstandingefficiency and range of operation.

Wilson, David G., and Theodosios P. Korakianitis.HIGH-EFFICIENCY BRAYTON-CYCLEENGINES FOR MARINE PROPULSION. MITSG85-1 0. 109pp. $5.

Three alternative gas-turbine cycles wereexamined for their potential to provide greatlyimproved marine propulsion, particularly forfishing boats. Of the three � the direct-plus-inverted cycle, the intercooled regenerated cycle,and the regenerated cycle � the latter was mostattractive. It promised to be more efficient at fulland part power, lower in initial cost, have lowermass and volume, and require less maintenance.This report also identifies a baseline fishingvessel, presents a preliminary baseline enginedesign, looks at the effects on ship design,compares the costs and performance of both lowpressure ratio LPR! and diesel engines, andrecommends future research needs.

Underutilized Species

Hoff, William B. III, and David G. Wilson. THEDESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND

DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE MACHINEFOR PROCESSING SPINY DOGFISH SHARK.MITSG 80-14. 58pp. Photocopy reprintsavailable. $3.

New food sources require new technology. Anexample is this advanced prototype machinewith pneumatically actuated parts and a solid-state, prngrammable controller for processing thespiny dogfish shark. The process follows thesteps used by hand labor but cuts in half the timerequired to process a fish, to approximately 12seconds. With simple developments in futuremachines, the time could be considerablyreduced.

Kalikstein, Paul H. THE MARKETABILITY OFSQUID. MITSG 74-24. NTIS: COM-74-11426/AS.Order from NTIS.

14

Menjivar, Juan A., Rong Chen, and ChoKyun Rha.INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICALPROPERTIES OF RAW FLESH AND SKIN OFSPINY DOGFISH S UALUS CAN IAS .MITSG 79-30J. NTIS: PB80-164-544, Reprintedfrom the Journal of Textural Studies, Vol. 10,1979. No charge.

Patell, James M. A PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITYSTUDY OF IRISH MOSS HARVESTINGSYSTEMS. MITSG 72-14. NTIS: COM-73-10152.$4.

Berk, Zeki, and Ernst R. Pariser. PROCESSINGSQUID FOR FOOD. MITSG 74-13. NTIS: COM-74-10820, $2.

Hultin, Herbert O. POTENTIAL LIPID OXIDATIONPROBLEMS IN FATTY FISH PROCESSING,MITSG 88-15J. 28pp. $2.

Recent evidence suggests fish oils may aid in aheart-healthy diet. But because of the highconcentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids infish muscle, lipid oxidation is an acute problem.Lipid oxidation can lower nutritional quality,produce off-Ravors and modify texture and color.In this Sea Grant reprint from a nationalconference on fatty fish utilization, the authorreports on factors within fish muscle and inprocessing conditions that contribute to oxidation.Temperature, pH, metals, salt and mincing mayall contribute to oxidation, The report alsodiscusses several ways processors can controloxidation. Reprinted from Proceedings front theNational Technical Conference in Raleigh, N.C.,December 1987.

15

Marine BiologyAlgae and Red Tide

16

Anderson, Donald M, EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURECONDITIONING ON DEVELOPMENT ANDGERMINATION OF GONY AU LAXTAMARENSIS DINOPHYCEAE!HYPNOZYGOTES. MITSG 80-16J. NTIS: PB81-134-876. 7pp. No charge.

Laboratory studies to account for spring and fallred tides examined two growth stages ofGon aul x tamarensis � intermediateplanozygotes, which then form hypnozygotes,dormant "seeds." Comparison of spring and fallhypnozygote formation and temperatureconditions found hypnozygotes formed in coldwater bloom when water temperature increases;those formed in warmer water bloom whentemperature decreases. Observed starch decreasein hy pnozygotes and mucilagenous excretionsneed further study. Reprinted from Journal ofPhycology, v.16, 1980.

Anderson, Donald M., Sallie W. Chisholm, and CarlJ. Watras. IMPORTANCE OF LIFE CYCLEEVENTS IN THE POPULATION DYNAMICSOF GONYAULAX TA MARENSIS. MITSG 83-29J.12pp. No charge.

Life cycle changes that allow populations of thetoxic dinofiagellate Gon aulax tamarensisLebour to inhabit the benthos and the planktonalternately are important factors regulating theinitiation and decline of red tide blooms inembayments. Population monitoring showed thatencystment contributed substantially to thedecline of the vegetative cell population. Theauthors conclude that the encystment/excystmentcycle temporarily restricts the occurrence of thevegetative population and may not be optimizedfor bloom formation, Factors that distinguishbloom from non-bloom years appear to beoperating on the growth of the planktonicpopulation. Reprinted from Marine Biology, v.76,1983, pp.179-'1 89,

Anderson, Donald M., and Francois MAL MoreLCOPPER SENSITIVITY OF GONYAULAXTAMARENSIS. MITSG 78-15J. NTIS: PB290-320/AS. Reprinted From Litnnology andOceanography, March 1978. No charge.

Anderson, Donald M., and Francois M.M. Morel. THESEEDING OF TWO RED TIDE BLOOMS BY THEGERMINATION OF BENTHIC GONYAU LAXTAMARENSIS HYPNOCYSTS. MITSG 79-26J.NTIS, PB80-125432. Reprinted from Estuarineand Coastal Marine Science, Vol. 8, 1979. Nocharge,

Anderson, Donald M. and David WalL POTEI'4TIALIMPORTANCE OF BENTHIC CYSTS OFCONYAULAX TAMARENSIS AND G.EXCAVATA IN INITIATING TOXICDINOFLAGELLATE BLOOMS. ~ 78-20J.NTIS: PB289-791/AS, Reprinted from Journal ofPhycology, VoL 14, No, 2., 1978. Order fromNTIS,

Ezekiel, Shaoul, William B. Kerfoot, and G. GregoryWhite. SPECTROFLOUROMETRIC

DIFFERENTIATION OF THE RED TIDE ALGA,GONYAULAX TAMARENSIS FROM OTHERALGAE COMMON TO NEW ENGLANDWATERS. MITSG 77-18. NTIS: PB-273 703/AS.$2.

Morel, Francois M,M,, J.G. Rueter, Donald M.Anderson, and R.LL Guillard, AQUIL � ACHEMICALLY DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTONCULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METALSTUDIES, MITSG 79-24J. NTIS: PB80-124-233,Reprinted from The Journal of Phycology, Vol. 15,1979, No charge.

Quinlan, Alician V. AN ECODYNAMIC ANALYSISOF ALGAL BLOOMS FOULING NAHANT BAYBEACHES. MITSG 82-15. 93pp. $8.

Since early 1900s, residents of Nahant andnearby communities have complained about achronic stench emanating from a brown alga thathas washed up on local beaches. This studyidentified the alga as an abnormal free-livingform of the common, attached fllamentous,Pila eBa littorahs. The foul order is caused byanaerobic wet decomposition of the biomass,buried chiefly during the annual late-winter andearly spring natural beach build up process. Thereport describes the history of the problem, theresearch methods used to understand the growth,reproduction and transport of the algae, andsuggests short-term management and long-termresearch schemes.

BiOteChnO1Ogy

17

Swallow, K.C., J,D, Westfall, D.M. McKnight,N.M,L Morel, and Francois M.M. Morel,POTENTIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OFCOPPER COMPLEXATION BYPHYTOPLANKTON EXUDATES, MITSG 78-19J.Reprinted from Limnology and Oceanograplry,Vol. 23, No. 3, 1978. No charge.

Watras, Carl J., Sallie W. Chisholm, and Donald M.Anderson. REGULATION OF GROWTH IN ANESTUARINE CLONE OF GQIDY4ULAXTA M ARENSIS LEBOUR � SALINITY-DEPENDENT TEMPERATURE RESPONSES.MITSG 82-16J. 13pp. No charge,

Batchmulture experiments with ~Con aulaxT~am rensis Lehour indicated variations inpopulation growth rate and cell size as a functionof temperature and salinity, The data onpopulation growth were used to formulate asimple model which predicts bloom developtnentin the absence of other regulatory factors, Thepotential use of cell size variability inestimahng in situ growth rates, and its role inbloom decline through size~lectivity grazing byzooplankton are considered. Reprinted fromjournal of Experimental hfarine Biology andEcology, v.62, 1982, pp.25-37,

Wilce, R, T., C.W. Schneider, Alician V. Quinlan, andK. Van Den Bosch. THE LIFE HISTORY OFMORPHOLOGY OF FREE-LIVING PILAYELLALITTORALIS L.! Kjellm, Ectocarpaceae,Ectocarpales! IN NAHANT BAY,MASSACHUSETTS. MITSG 82-18J. NTIS: PB83-151-738, 19pp. No charge.

This paper describes a pieviously unreported&ee-living form of ~P'la ella. Drifting clouds ofthis plant may carpet up to half of the sandybottom and beaches of Nahant Bay on the northcoast of Massachusetts. As the plant decomposesit emits foul odors that keep people from thebeach and blow inland through denselypopulated residential areas, Studies, whichshow four features distinguishing the atypicalfree-living form of the ~ptfa ella are discussed.Reprinted from Phycologia, v.21, n.3, pp,336-354.

see also BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE SEA-RECENT ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS,page 45.

Ave*ach, Benjamin L THE STRUCTURE OFCHITIN AND CHITOSAN, MITSG 75-17. NTIS:PB-246 876/AS. No charge,

Avetbach, Benjamin L. THE PROCESSING OFCHITOSAN MEMBRANES, MITSG 78-14. NTIS:PB-292-311/AS. $3.50.

Batzana, Eduardo. ENZYME CATALYZEDREACTIONS IN THE GAS PHASE. ME 89-21TH. 186pp. $45.

Barzana, Eduardo, Marcus Karel, and Alexander MKlibanov. ENZYMATIC OXIDATION OF

ETHANOL IN THE GASEOUS PHASE, MITSG89-19P. 30pp. $2.

The enzymatic conversion of gaseous substrates isa novel concept in bioprocessing. Water activityis critical in such systems. The report discussesthe effect of water on alcohol oxidase acting onethanol vapors. Enzyme activity increases whenwater is increased, whereas thermostabilitydecreases. Enhanced thermo stability causes anincrease in the temperature optimum of the gasphase reaction. The reaction appears to occur bydirect interaction of the gaseous substrate withthe enzyme. Submitted to Biotechnology andBioengi neeri ng,

Barzana, Eduardo, Alexander M. Klibanov, andMarcus KareL A CALORIMETRIC METHODFOR THE ENZYMATIC ANALYSIS OFGASES � THE DETERMINATION OFETHANOL AND FORMALDEHYDE VAPORS.MITSG 89-18P. 17pp. $2.

This report describes a novel approach to directdetermination of ethanol vapors in the gasphase. The system uses dehydrated enzymes andan indicator dye dispersed in avicel. Simpledevices are developed for determination ofethanol in the breath. The devices produce asharp color change at a set time for ethanolconcentrations above the legal limit for drivingor a stable final color after five ininutes. Thesystem can also be used for determination ofethanol or formaldehyde vapors. In addition todetermination of ethanol, dehydrated enzymesmay be useful for analysis of hazardous gases.Submitted to Analytical Biochemistry.

Hattis, Dale B., and Albert Murray, INDUSTRIALPROSPECTS FOR CHITIN AND PROTEINFROM SHELLFISH WASTES. MITSG 77-3.NTIS; PB-267 527. $5.

18

Kahan, Leslie N., Zeki Berk, Sundae Tong, Ernst R.Fariser, James M. Flin, and Samuel A.Gold blith. SQUID PROTEINCONCENTRATES � PART I � EVALUATIONOF PROCESSES AND PRODUCTCHARACTERISTICS.-and-

Tong, Sundae, James M. Hink, and Samuel A.Goldblith. SQUID PROTEINCONCENTRATES � PART II � EVALUATIONOF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES. MITSG 75-16J.NTIS: PB-246 931/AS. Reprinted fromLebensrnittet-Wissenschaft rrnd Technologie,8�975!. pp. 6449, and pp. 70-74. No charge.

Kahan, Leslie N,, Zeki Berk, Ernest IL Fariser,Samuel A, Goldblith, and James M. FIlnk.SQUID PROTEIN ISOLATE � EFFECT OFPROCESSING CONDITIONS ON RECOVERYYIELDS. MITSG 74-30J. NTIS: COM-74-11403/AS. Reprinted from Journal of Food Science39�974!, pp. 592-595, No charge.

Karel, Marcus, Alexander M. Klibanov, and EduardoBarzana. EFFECTS OF WATER ON ENZYME-CATALYZED REACTION OF GASEOUSSUBSTRATES. MITSG 89-20P. 15pp. $1 50.

Water participates both in maintaining thecatalytically active form of enzyme moleculesand in their inactivation. New processes inbiotechnology that might take advantage of anability of enzymes to catalyze gas phasereactions make it desirable to understand the roleof water in such reactions. This report presentsthe results of an investigation into high-temperature, gas phase reactions and reviews theeffect of water on enzyme activity in non-aqueousenvironments. Submitted to Properties of Wateron Food Systems, Marcel Dekker, address atfront of directory!.

Kienzle-Sterzer, Carlos, Dolores Rodriguez-Sanchez,and ChoKyun Rha. DILUTE SOLUITONBEHAVIOR OF A CATIONICPOLYELECTROLYTE. MITSG 82-24J. 4pp. Nocharge.

Dilute solution behavior of a cationicpolyelectrolyte was studied for acetic acidconcentration using chit osan. According to thispaper the relationship between intrinsicviscosity and acetic acid suggests no conformationtransition of the chitosan molecules and possibleformation of intramolecular hydrogen bondsduring the shrinking of the hydrodynamicdomain of the polyions. Reprinted from Jorr mal of

Applied Polymer Science, v.27, 1982, pp.4467-4470.

Kienzl~terzer, Carlos A., Dolores Rodriguez-Sanchez, and ChoKyun Rha. MECHANICALPROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN FILMS � EFFECTOF SOLVENT ACID. MITSG 82-17J. 7pp. Nocharge.

Chitosan is capable of forming fllms, andmethods of film preparation have been reported.The mechanical properties of swollen chitosanfilms have been examined, Ionic strength,chitosan concentration, and the acid used incasting solution, all have important effects onthe film's mechanical properties. This studyevaluated the effects of chitosan concentrationand the type of solvent used in preparation on theelasticity and relaxation response of chitosanfilms. Reprinted from JVlakronrolekulare Chemic,v.183, 1982, pp.1353-1 359.

Kienzle-Sterzer, Carlos, G. Bakis, Dolores Rodriguez-Sanchez, and ChoKyun Rha. PROPERTIES�COUNTER-ION ACTIVITY IN A CATIONICPOLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTION. MITSG 84-13J.5pp. No charge.

The counterion transport properties, representedby the chloride ion activity coefficient incationic polyelectrolyte solutions were studied.The effect of polymer concentration and ionicstrength of the media in non-dilute regime wereexamined. Reprinted from Polymer Bulletin,v.11, 1984, pp.185-190.

Kienzle-Sterzer, Carlos, G. Bakis, Dolores Rodriguez-Sanchez, and ChoKyun Rha. SOLUTIONPROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN � CHAINCONFORMATION. MITSG 84-14J. 12pp. Nocharge.

The aim of this paper is to describe thehydrodynamic volume, chain stiffness and localconformational freedom of an isolated chitosanmolecule, especially as influenced by the degreeof ionization and counterion concentration in themedia. The paper was presented at theU.S./Japan Seminar on Chitin, Chitosan, andRelated Enzymes, University of Delaware, April24-27, 1984.

Kienzle-Sterzer, Carlos, Dolores Rodriguez-Sanchez,Diane Karalekas, and ChoKyun Rha. STRESSRELAXATION OF A POLYELECTROLYTENETWORK AS AFFECTED BY IONICSTRENGTH. MITSG 82-12J. 4pp. No charge.

This paper reports on an evaluation of the effectof ionic strength on interchain interactions. Acationic polyelectrolyte, chitosan, was used.Results indicate a rearrangement of themolecular chains in the network under tensilestress and the electrostatic nature of theinteractions responsible for the network integrityof the polyelectrolyte films. Reprinted fromA4acrornolecules, v.15, 1982, pp.631-634.

Kildow, Judith T., and John E. Huguenin, PROBLEMSAND POTENTIALS OF RECYCLING WASTESFOR AQUACULTURE. MITSG 74-27. NTIS:COM-75-10359/ AS, Order from NTIS.

Langer, Robert S. ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVECOMPOUNDS FROM SHARKS. MITSG 89-16.NTIS: PB89-205603/AS 30pp. $3.

This report details the investigation of anextract from shark cartilage as a potential cancertreatment. Researchers believe one strategy fordesigning a cancer treatment is to find aninhibitor of the growth of blood vessels that feedtumors. Langer and his colleagues found that anextract from calf cartilage inhibits blood vesselgrowth. But because it is difficult to get enoughextract from calves, the group was unable toproduce enough for extensive experiments. Unlikebone-rich mammalian skeletons, shark skeletonsare almost entirely cartilage. Not only can theresearchers obtain more cartilage from sharkthan from calf, but shark cartilage is a richersource of the blood vessel growth inhibitingextract,

Lee, Anne, and Robert S. longer, SHARKCARTILAGE CONTAINS INHIBITORS OFTUMOR ANGlOGENESIS, MITSG 844J. Spp, Nocharge.

Shark cartilage contains a substance thatstrongly inhibits the growth of new blood vesselstoward solid tumors, thereby restricting tumorgrowth. The abundance of this factor in sharkcartilage, in contrast to cartilage frommammalian sources, may make sharks an idealsource for the inhibitor and may help to explainthe rarity of neoplasms in these animals.Reprinted from Science, Vol. 221, Sept. 16, 1983,pp,1185-1187.

Lees, Robert S. THE IMPACT OF DIETARY FAT ONHUMAN HEALTH. MITSG 88-3, PB88-241500,28pp. No charge.

Almost everyone will agree that eating fish isgood for you, but there is little consensus as towhy. Recently accumulating evidence suggeststhat omega-3 fatty acids, in particular the 20and 22 carbon omega-3 fatty acids present in highconcentrations in fish oils, may be part of thehealthy heart equation. These compounds mayalso have therapeutic effects in the treatment ofrheumatoid diseases, like arthritis. The key toelucidation of the role of omega' fatty acids inhealth and disease lies in understanding theprocess of fat metabolism. In this Sea Grantlecture, Dr. Robert Lees, MIT Prof'essor ofCardiovascular Diseases, and Director ofMedical Research at the Deaconess Hospital inBoston, summarizes in medical terms the basics ofnormal human fat metabolism. Dr. Lees thenlooks at the three major diseases to whichdietary fat has been linked � cardiovasculardisease, cancer, and arthritis. Reviewingepidemiological, biochemical, physiological,and pathological evidence, Lees concludes thatthe types and amounts of fat in the human dietare clearly associated with heart disease, less sowith cancer, and may have therapeutic effects inthe case of rheumatism and arthritis. As to thehealth benefits of fish oils, he finds the evidenceexciting but inconclusive. Shark cartilagecontains a substance that strongly inhibits thegrowth of new blood vessels toward solid tumors,thereby restricting tumor growth. The abundanceof this factor in shark cartilage, in contrast tocartilage from mammalian sources, may makesharks an ideal source of the inhibitor and mayhelp to explain the rarity of neoplasms in theseanimals. Reprinted from Science, v.221, Sept. 16,1983, pp.1185-1187.

Muzzarelli, R.A.A., and Ernst R. Pariser, editorsINTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ONCHITIN/CHITOSAN � PROCEEDINGS �st.1978. Cambridge, MA!. MITSG 78-7. NTIS:PB285440/AS. $10.

Pariser, Ernst R., and Susan L. Bock. CHITIN ANDCHITIN DERIVATIVES � AND ANNOTATEDBIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTEDPUBLICATIONS FROM 1965 THROUGH 1971.MlTSG 73-2. NTIS: COM-73-10149. $5.

Pariser, Ernst R., and Donald P. LombardL THECHITIN SOURCEBOOK � A GUIDE TO THECHITIN RESEARCH LITERATURE. MITSG 88-

12, 688 pp. $150.

This reference book assembles the most

important, contemporary information availabletoday on the commerdal applications of chitin,

19

chitin derivatives and chitin-related enzymes.The result of a five-year effort, the sourcebookcontains about 500 cross-referenced listings,including the proceedings of scientific meetingsand inter national conferences, articles from

magazines and professional journals, studenttheses, and some U.S. and foreign patents, Thereferences have been carefully selected andformatted so that specific information is easy tofind. Published by john Wiley k Sons, addressat front of directory!.

Rodriguez-San*ez, Dolores, and ChoKyun Rha.CHITOSAN GLOBULES. MITSG 854J. llpp. Nocharge.

In many foods, the characteristic texturalproperties result from a combination of two ormore types of structural units. The researchdescribed in this paper sought to fabricate astructural unit that could compartmentalize andsimulate cellular structure and which wouldhave broad applications in food technology. Theunits described were granules or globuies! whichcould be used individually or in aggregation toform a matrix. Reprinted from Journal of FoodTechnology, Vol, 16, 1981, pp. 469-479,

20

Milgram, Jerome H. BEING PREPARED FORFUTURE ARGO MERCHANTS. MITSG 77-10.NTIS: PB-269 696/AS. $2.

Milgram, Jerome H., and Robeat J. Van Houten. AFLUME FOR THE STUDY OF CONTAINED OILSLICKS. MITSG 77-19. NTIS: PB-272 160/AS. $2.

Milgram, Jerome H., and Robert J. Van Houten.MECHANICS OF A RESTRAINED LAYER OFFLOATING OIL ABOVE A WATER CURRENT.MITSG R4g. NTIS. PB80-187-214. 16pp. Nocharge.

This paper determines the relative importance ofinterfacial shear stress and dynamic pressure indetermining the thickness distribution of a layerof floating oil contained by a barrier above awater current, using an equation relating verticallocation of the oil-water interface, dynamicpressure, and shear stress. Forward and rearportions of the oil layer relative to wavedirection are studied at both low and highercurrent speeds. Reprinted from Journal ofHydronautics, v.12, no,3, July 1978.

Moore, Stephen F., Gary R. Chirlin, Charles J. Puccia,and Bradley P. Schrader, POTENTIALBIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HYPOTHETICALOIL DISCHARGES IN THE ATLANTIC COASTAND GULF OF ALASKA. MlTSG 74-19. NTIS:COM-74-11089/AS. Order from NTIS.

Pollack, Andrew M., and Keith D. Stolzenbach.CRISIS SCIENCE � INVESTIGATIONS INRESPONSE TO THE ARGO MERCHANT OILSPILL. MITSG 78-8. NTIS: PB285-646/AS. $5.

Psaraftis, Harilaos N., Andrew V, Baird, and J,D.Nyhart, NATIONAL RESPONSE CAPABILITYTO OIL SPILLS � A SYSTEMS APPROACH.MITSG 80-18J. NTIS: PB81-223-109, 8pp, Nocharge,

This paper describes a systems approach for theformulation of the overall problem of oil spillpollution response in the United States. Thepaper discusses objectives of existing andalternative systems for oil spill response, andprovides a hr'erarchical decision framework foroptimal oil spill response at strategic, tacticaland operational levels. Financial and damageassessments are also presented. Reprinted fromProceedings from Oceans '80.

Psaraftts, Harilaos N., Geverghese G. Tharakan, andAvishai Ceder. OPTIMAL RESPONSE TO OIL

SPILLS � THE STRATEGIC DECISION CASE.MITSG 86-22J. 15pp. No Charge.

The authors develop a model for identifyingappropriate response levels and types of oil spillcleanup capability, and allocating suchcapability among areas of high oil spillpotential. The model takes into account Frequencyof spill occurrence, variability of spill volumes,different cleanup technologies, equipmentefficiency and operability, fixed costs, and costsof damage as functions of spill volume and levelof response. The model can also accept policystipulations on response times. The authorspresent an illustrative application of the modelin the New England region and discuss itspossible uses within existing and alternativepolicy environments.

Psaraftis, Harilaos N., and Sabis O. Ziogas. ATACTICAL DECISION ALGORITHM FOR THEOPTIMAL DISPATCHING OF OIL SPILLCLEANUP EQUIPMENT. MITSG 864J. 16pp. Nocharge,

This paper develops an optimization procedurefor assisting decisionmakers in allocatingresources for cleaning up a speciflc oil spill. Theinputs include information about oil outflow, theavailability and performance of cleanupequipment as well as equipment transport andoperational costs. To give the reader insights intothe problem's structure, the model is applied tothe ARGO MERCHANT spill. Finally, theauthors discuss possible uses within existingoperations and pohcy. Reprinted fromAfanagement Science, Vol. 3l, No, 12, December1985.

Robbins, Phillips W. STUDENT PROJECTS ON THEOXIDATION BY MARINE BACTERIA OFAROMATIC COMPOUNDS FOUND IN OIL.MITSG 71-10. NTIS: COM-7100878. Order fromNTIS.

Stolzenbach, Keith D., Ole S. Madsen, E. Eric Adams,Andrew M. Pollack, and Colitis Cooper. AREVIEW AND EVALUATION OF BASICTECHMQUES FOR PREDICTING THEBEHAVIOR OF OIL SUCKS. MITSG 77-8. NTIS:PB-268 220/AS. Order from NTIS.

Stewart, Robert J. THE INTERACTION OF WAVESAND OIL SPILLS. MITSG 75-22. NTIS: PB-262k%/AS. Order from NTIS.

Trump, John G. ELECTRIC POWER FOR THETREATMENT OF WATER AND

22

WASTEWATER. MITSG 73-8. NTIS: COM-73-11080. Order from NTIS.

Trump, John G., Kenneth A. Wright, Edward W.Merrill, Anthony J. Sinskey, DineshchandraShah, and Steven Sommer. PROSPECTS FORHIGH-ENERGY ELECTRON IRRADIATION OFWASTEWATER LIQUID RESIDUALS. MITSG75-19. NTIS: PB-253 128. Reprinted from theInternational Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-SM-194/302. No charge.

Yeung, Ronald W. DOCUMENTATION OF FOUROCEAN-RELATED COMMUTER PROGRAMMODULES. MITSG 76-18. NTIS; PB-264 146/AS.$2.

Waste Disposal and Treatment

see aiso WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT�TECHNICAL ALTERNATIVES ANDREGULATORY OUTLOOK, and PUBLICWASTE MANAGEMENT � THE' OCEANCHOICE, page 51.

Devanney, John W., III, Vassilios Livanos, and JamesM. Patell, ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOLIDWASTE DISPOSAL AT SEA. MITSG 71-2. NTIS:PB-195 225. $3.

Keays, Keatinge, et al. HOLBROOK COVESURVEY � A 1972 STUDENT SUMMER OCEANENGINEERING LABORATORY RESEARCHPROJECT. MITSG 72-19. NTIS: COM-73-10621.Order from NTIS.

Klibanov, Alexander M. ENZYMATIC REMOVALOF HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS FROMINDUSTRIAL AQUEOUS EFFLUENTS. MITSG83-17, NTIS: PB84-138-155, 18pp. $3.50.

A new method is described for the removal ofphenol s and aromatic amines from industrialwastewaters, It involves the treatment ofwastewater with horseradish peroxidase andhydrogen peroxide. Phenols and aromatic aminesare precipitated from water due to theirenzymatic crosslinking. The peroxidasetreatment has been successfully used todephenolize samples of real industrialwastewater.

Myers, Edward P., editor. OCEAN DISPOSAL OFMUNICIPAL WASTEWATER � IMPACTS ONTHE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT, MITSG 83-33.2 vols, 1115pp. $25.

This two-volume, multi-author publicationthoroughly discusses the problem of oceandisposal of municipal wastewater, Theorganization of chapters essentially follows thelife history of a contaminant in coastal watersfrom its source through physical dilution andtransport and chemical conversion, to effects onmarine and human life. The final chaptersaddress some socioeconomic, legal/institutional,and management considerations.

Kolf, Richard C. SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND THEOCEAN � THE SEA GRANT ROLE. MITSG 85-6.30pp. No charge.

Disposing of sewage sludge in the ocean isemerging as a viable option among the scientificcommunity. Rather than advocating or excludingany particular disposal alternative, however,this report recommends a flexible policycombining case-by~se decisionmaking withsubsequent morutoring, research, andreevaluation, Because general public opinion stillcondemns ocean disposal and causes seriousdelays during the permit process, social scientistsshould concentrate on conflict-avoidance andconflict resolution methods to help resolve socio-political opposition.

Pollutant Transport

Kossik, Richard F. MATHEMATICAL SIMULATIONOF POLLUTANT TRANSPORT IN BOSTONHARBOR. MITSG 87-3TN. 35pp. $3.

Two previously developed drculation andtransport models were modified and appliedwith high spatial resolution to MassachusettsBay and Boston Harbor in order to simulate two-dimensional contaminant concentrations. Inaddition, a number of halogenated hydrocarbonspresent in sewage effluent were identified andemployed as large-scale tracers of sewage-related contamination. The concentrations of anumber of these compounds were measured attheir source and throughout Boston Harbor duringdifferent seasons. The mathematical modelswere then calibrated by comparing simulatedconcentrations in order to evaluate the predativecapabilities of the models and quantitativelyinvestigate pollutant transport in the region.

Kossik, Richard F., Philip M, Gschwend, and E. EricAdams. TRACING AND MODELLINGPOLLUTION TRANSPORT IN BOSTONHARBOR. MITSG 86-16. 227pp. $5.

The harmonic finite element circulation modelTEA and the Eulerian-Lagrangian transportmodel ELA were modified and applied withhigh spatial resolution to Boston Harbor. Theapplicability of a number of volatilehalogenated organic compounds as tracers incoastal waters was investigated, andcomplementary tracer experiments were carriedout. The transport model was then calibrated tothe tracer measurements in order to evaluatemodel behavior and investigate phys>cal andchemical transport praises in the harbor.Model simulations agree well with measurement,and calibrated parameters have physicallyrealistic values. Comparisons with observationsindicate that the models adequately representthe major processes acting in the system, andfurther validation efforts are justified.

Wu, Shian-Chee, and Philip M. Gschwend.NU1VKRICAL MODELING OF SORPTIONKINETICS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS TOSOIL AND SEDIMENT PARTICLES. MITSG 88-

14J. 11pp. $2.

A numerical model is developed to simulatehydrophobic organic compound sorption kinetics,based on a retarded intraagregate diffusionconceptualization of this solid-water exchangeprocess. This model was used to ascertain thesensitivity of the sorption process for varioussorbates to non steady solution concentrations andto polydisperse soil or sediment aggregateparticle size distributions, Common approachesto modeling sorption kinetics amount tosimplifications of our model and appear justifiedonly when �! the concentration fluctuations occuron a time scale which matches the sorptiontimescale of interest and �! the particle sizedistribution is relatively narrow, Finally, ameans is provided to estimate the extent ofapproach of a sorbing system to equilibrium as afunction of aggregate size, chemical diffusivityand hydrophobicity, and system solidsconcentration. Reprinted from Water ResourcesResearch, Vok 24, No. 8, pages 1373-1383, August1988.

24

Ocean EngineeringGeneral

Mollo-Christensen, Erik L., and Craig E. Dorman. ABUOY SYSTEM FOR AIR-SEA INTERACIIONSTUDIES � BUOY DESIGN AND OPERATION.MITSG 72-1. NTIS: AD-887 165. $3.

Arctic and Ice Technology

Ladd, Charles C., J.S. Weaver, John T, Germaine, andD3'. Sauls. STRENGTH-DEFORMATIONPROPERTIES OF ARCTIC SILT. MITSG 85-22J.1 1 pp. No charge.

The offshore industry is developing mobilegravity structures to operate in deep Arcticwaters. Foundation design depends on complexsoil conditions requiring more comprehensiveevaluation of strength deformation propertiesthan has been needed for pile supportedplatforms. Lack of experience in in situ behaviorof silts complicates the problem further, Thispaper summarizes classification and relatedproperties of Arctic silts in Harrison Bay, Alaskaand discusses the effect of temperatures onconsolidation test results. The main focus is onundrained stress-strain-strength anisotropy ofnormal consolidated Arctic silt. Reprinted fromArctic '85, ASCE, San Francisco, Calif., March1985.

Xirouchakis, Paul C. ON THE RATIONALSELECTION OF STRENGTHENING CRlTERIAFOR NAVIGATION IN ICE. MITSG 85-32TN,NTIS: PB86-172806/XAB. 117pp. $7.

This report summarizes the existing methods forpredicting the maximum ice pressure exerted onthe side walls of vessels that must travelthrough ice, Methods are developed definingstiffness and strengthening criteria for thestructural design of these structures. Elastic-plastic buckling criteria for transverse frames aredeveloped; these are particularly importantsince structural damage due to ice loading hasbeen attributed primarily to frame buckling orthe crippling of its web, and existing design re-quirements do not consider this mode of failure.

Materials and Testing

Backer, Stanley, and P. Hsu. STRUCTURES WITHPARTIAL FRICTIONAL CONSTRAINTS.MITSG 87-15J. 8pp, $1.

This paper focuses on the structural mechanics ofplied twisted structures with partial frictionalconstraints. The discussion is limited to the caseof tensile deformation, although it can beextended to bending or to twisting deformationsas well. The models proposed and developed maybe applied to simple plied twisted yarns such asmay be used in industrial fabrics or canvasses, totire cords, or to string, cords, or ropes, Theauthors' motivation is to understand themechanical behavior of twisted ropes and toestablish a basis for improvements in theirdesign and performance. Reprinted fromObjective Measuretnent: Applications to ProductDesign and Process Control, Proceedings of theThird Japan-Australia Joint Symposium onObjective Measurement, September 1985.

Backer, Stanley, and M. Seo. MECHANICS OFDEGRADATION IN MARINE ROPE. MITSG 87-14J. 12pp. $1.

This paper focuses on the factors which causedegradation in marine ropes, and reports on themodes and extent of degradation observed inselected synthetic fiber hawsers over extendedperiods of use in different deployment situations.Reprinted from Objective Measurement:Applications to Product Design and ProcessControl, Proceedings of the Third Japan-Australian Joint Symposium on ObjectiveMeasurement, Sept. ember 1985.

Bellingham, James G., M,LA. MacVicar, and MNisenoff. SQUID TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TOTHE STUDY OF ELECTROCHEMICALCORROSION. MlTSG 87-6J. 3pp. No charge.

Both the temporal and spatial dependences ofthe magnetic fields of electrochemical corrosionreactions have been investigated. Acomparatively simple metal-electrolyte system,Zn in HC1, was chosen for concentrated study,Design of this corrosion cell, as well as itsrationale, are described. The spectral density ofthe magnetic field generated by corrosionfactions has an inverse dependence on frequency.The overall noise level increases with increasedcorrosion rate. These preliminary results confirmthe great potential af SQUID magnetometry forthe study of electrochemical corrosionphenomena. Reprinted from 1986 AppliedSuperconductivity Conference, Baltimore, Md.

26

Bellingham, James G�M,LA. MacVicar, M, Nisenoff,and P.C, Searson. DETECTION OF MAGNETICFIELDS GENERATED BY ELECTROCHEMICALCORROSION. MITSG 87-7J. 2pp. No charge.

The magnetic fields generated byelectrochemical corrosion have been detected.

Magnetic fields as large as 10 5 gauss weremeasured approximately 2.5 cm above metalsimmersed in high conductivity electrolytes, It iswell known that magnetic fields are associatedwith current flow; thus electrochemical reactionsshould have an associated magnetic field. Thedetectability of the magnetic field will dependon the magnitude and the spatial distribution ofthe coriosion currents. The current distribution canbe determined by inserting probes into theelectrolyte, but the presence of such probes maydistort the current distribution. Therefore the useof magnetic means provides a non-invasivemethod which inay be capable of monitoring boththe magnitude and spatial distribution of thecorrosion currents. Reprinted from Journal of theElectrochemical Society, August 1986.

Bishop, William O., John F. Mandell, and FrederickJ. McGarry. NOTCH GEOMETRY ANDLAMINATE CONSTRUCTION EFFECTS ONTHE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OFLAMINATES FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION.MITSG 73-15, NTIS: COM-74-10699. $1.50.

Demchick, Robert P,, John F, Mandell, and FrederickJ. McGarry. MARINE ENVIRONMENT EFFECTSON FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN GRPLAMINA TES FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION,MITSG 73-16, NTIS: COM-74-10534. $2.

Donnelly, R.G. and R.E. Cohen. ENHANCEMENT OFTHE STABILITY OF COMMON POLYMERICMATERIALS AGAINST UNDERSEADEGRADATION. MITSG 81-14. NTIS: PB82-163-015. 216pp. $8.

The report summarizes Sea Grant research onstrengthening common polymeric inaterialsagainst undersea degradation. Several commonpolymeric materials were subjected to smallamplitude cyclic flexure in a simulated marineenvironment, and changes in molecular weightand crystallinity were monitored. Apolyethylene resin was treated by a variety ofsurface modification techniques and subjected tosimilar conditions to evaluate these treatments.Each technique was effective in retardingdegradation; however, effectiveness variedgreatly among them.

Faulkner, Douglas. THE OVERALL COMPRESSIONBUCKLING OF PARTIALLY CONSTRAINEDSHIP GRILLAGES. MITSG 73-10. NTIS: COM-73-11303/ AS. $2,50.

Faulkner, Douglas. A REVIEW OF EFFECTIVEPLATING TO BE USED IN THE ANALYSIS OFSTIFFENED PLATING IN BENDING ANDCOMPRESSION. MITSG 73-11, NTIS: COM-73-11309. Order from NTIS.

Kenney, M.C�John F. Mandell, and Frederick JMcGarry. EFFECTS OF SEA WATER ANDCONCENTRATED SALT SOLUTIONS ON THEFATIGUE OF NYLON 6,6 FIBERS. MITSG 87-16J.11pp. $1.

Cyclic fatigue and creep rupture tests have beenrun on high tenacity nylon 6,6 single fiber, yarns,and small ropes in air and seawaterenvironments. Fatigue failure in each case is by acreep rupture mechanism; yarns and small ropesshow the same fatigue sensitivity as do singlefibers, Seawater reduces the strength byapproximately 10 percent under most conditions.Concentrated metallic salt solutions which causeenvironmental stress cracking in bulk nylon do notdegrade the fibers beyond the effect of plainwater. Tests on oriented nylon specimens showthat environmental stress crack sensitivity isgreatly reduced by orientation. Reprinted formJournal of Materials Science, 1985.

Kenney, M.C�John F. Mandell, and Frederick JMcGarry. FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OFSYNTHETIC FIBERS, YARNS, AND ROPES.MITSG 87-17J. 15pp. $2,

S-N fatigue and creep-rupture data have beenobtained for nylon 6,6 single fibers, interlacedyarns, and small ropes under a variety of loadingconditions. The results show a similardegradation rate at each level of structure, withno apparent influence of inter-fiber effects. Cycliclifetimes of single fibers of nylon 6,6 as well aspolyester and aramid can be predicted from acreep rupture model. Consistent with this model,the time to failure is insensitive to frequency overa broad range. For each level of structure, thestrain at failure is the same whether tested insimple tension or under cyclic or creep loading,Failure modes were generally similar in creeprupture and cyclic fatigue tests; no effect of aslack load on each cycle was evident either inthe failure mode or speciinen lifetime. Reprintedfrom Journal of Materials Science, 1985.

27

Klimowski, Robert J., V.J. Papazoglou, and KoichiMasubuchi. ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURINGPROCESSES OF LARGE ANCHOR CHAINS,PHASE II � DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIESFOR IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY TOWELDED CHAINS. MITSG 84-9TN. 247pp.$12.50.

This document reports the results of a studyaimed at developing strategies for improving thereliability of flash butt welded anchor chains.The research included a parametric study offactors affecting the quality of flash weldedchains, development of strategies for in-processsensing and control of flash welding, and an effortto reduce the possibility of premature failure of awelded chain,

Mandell, John F. FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATIONRATES IN WOVEN AND NON-WOVENFIBERGLASS LAMINATES. ~ 74-21. NTIS:COM-74-11257/AS, $1,50,

Mandell, John F. MODELLING OF MARINE ROPEFATIGUE BEHAVIOR. MITSG 87-18J, 12pp. $1.

Fatigue data for nylon and polyester marineropes from several testing programs in Europe andthe U.S. are compared and analyzed. Failur'es atloads above 30-40 percent of the new breakingstrength for nylon or 60-70 percent for polyestercan be predicted by a model based on the creep-rupture behavior of individual fibers and yarns.Failures at lower loads arid higher cycles usuallyoccur by external or internal abrasion; an abrasionmodel is presented that correlates well withthese data. Polyester outperforms nylon underwet conditions in both regimes of behavior for awide range of rope samples. Additional topicsdiscussed are thermal failures from hystereticheating in dry ropes, and changes during cyclingin rope load-extension, hysteresis, and residualproperties. Reprinted from Textile Research/ou mal, June 1987.

Mandell, John F., and Frederick J. McGarryFRACTURE OF FIBERGLASS-REINFORCEDPLASTICS SUITABLE FOR HULL MATERIALS.MITSG 75-25. NTIS: PB-264 019/AS. Order fromNTIS.

Mandell, John F,, and Vis Meier, FATIGUE CRACKPROPAGATION IN 0'/90' E-GLASS/EPOXYCOMPOSITES. MITSG 73-14. NTIS: COM-74-10338. $150.

Mandell, John F., Frederick J. McGarry, Donald S.Barton, and Robert P. Demchick EFFECI' OF

WATER ON THE CRACK PROPAGATIONRATE IN FIBERGLASS LAMINATES UNDERSTATIC AND DYNAMIC LOADING. MITSG 75-18. NTIS: PB-246 411/AS. Order from NTIS.

Mandell, John F., Frederick J. McGarry, ReiichiroKashihara, and William 0, Bishop,ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF FRACTURETOUGHNESS � FIBER-REINFORCEDLAMINATES. MITSG 73-9, NTIS: COM-74-10365. $2.

Mandell, John F., Frederick J. McGarry, Su-Su Wang,and Jang-hi Im. STRESS INTENSITY FACTORSFOR ANISOTROPIC FRACTURE TESTSPECIMENS OF SEVERAL GEOMETRIES.MITSG 74-10. NTIS: COM-74-10346. $1.50.

M.C. Kenney, FATIGUE AND ENVIRONMENTALRESISTANCE OF POLYESTER AND NYLONFIBERS. MITSG 89-12J. 7pp, $1.

Marine ropes used in towing and mooring mustwithstand cyclic loading, abrasion andenvironmental agents, Rope failures can besudden and catastrophic, In order to understandthe resistance to marine stresses of fibers used inropes, the authors measured fatigue resistance ofindividual nylon and polyester fibers both dryand in aqueous solutions. Fiber failure waspredictable using simple creep rupture based ontheory. Reprinted from Polymer Engineering andScience, August 1987.

Maser, Kenneth R. AN ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCALE STRENGTH TESTING OF ICE. MITSG72-6, NTIS: COM-72-10294. $2.50.

Snyder, Paul G., John F. Mandell, and Frederick J.McGarry. THE IMPACT RESISTANCE OFMODIFIED FERRO-CEMENT PANELS. MITSG74-18. NTIS: COM-74-11248/AS. $4.

Wang, Youjiang, and Stanley Backer. STRUCTURALMODELING OF THE TENSILE BEHAVIOR OFEIGHT STRAND ROPES. MITSG 89-28. 48pp. $5,

Synthetic ropes are widely used in marineapplications, yet rope breakage can cause injuryor economic loss, This report describes structuralmodeling of loadelongation behavior in eight-stranded rope, providing a basis for predictinginternal wear and a foundation for blending fibercomponents to enhance tensile strength andfatigue life. Rope tensile load, interstrandpressures and strand relative movement aredetermined based on rope geometries before andafter deformation.

28

Williams, J.H. Jr., B.R. Felenchak, and R.J. Nagem.QUANTITATIVE GEOMETRICCHARACTERIZATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLAWS VIA LIQUIDCRYSTALS AND THERMOGRAPHY.-and-

Williams, James H,, Jr., and R.J, Nagem. A LIQUIDCRYSTALS KIT FOR STRUCTURALINTEGRITY ASSESSMENT OF FIBERGLASSWATERCRAFT. MITSG 84-6J. 21pp. No chargefor black and white copies. Copies with 2 pagesof colored copies are available at $2.

Thermal nondestructive testing NDT! is atechnique for obtaining surface temperatureprofiles on a structure and subsequently relatingthis information to some imperfection within thestructure. Liquid crystals may be used to revealthe temperature anomaly. The first paperdescribes experiments conducted an two specimenscontaining simulated rnachine flaws. Testsshowed that the size and location of thesimulated flaws can be determined to withinapproximately 10 percent. In the second paper, aliquid crystals kit capable of providingquantitative assessments of the structuralintegrity of fiberglass boats is developed.Reprinted from Afaterials Evaluation, v.41, no,2,pp.190-210, 218.

Williams, James H., Jr, THERMALNONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OFFIBERGLASS USING LIQUID CRYSTALS. ATWO-PART REPORT, MITSG 81-16. 198pp. $8.

Thermal testing with cholesteric liquid crystalsprovides a simple nondestructive evaluationtechnique for detecting interlaminar flaws infiberglass composite laminates. A one-dirnensional model of heat conduction through aflawed laminate has been devised Part I!. Afiberglass laminate with simulated flawsorthogonal to the surface was thermally testedusing liquid crystals. Various plots presenting thesensitivity and effectiveness of the liquid crystalthermal nondestructive testing system arepresented Part II!,

Underwater Welding

Brown, Alan J., Russell T. Brown, Chon-Liang Tsai,and Koichi Masubuchi. REPORT ONFUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ONUNDERWATER WELDING. MITSG 74-29.NTIS: COM-74-11821/AS. $5,

Masubuchi, Koichi, DEVELOPMENT OF JOININGAND CUTTING TECHNIQUES FOR DEEP-SEAAPPLICATION, MITSG 81-2. 227pp. Photocopyreprints available. $14.

This is the final report on four years of researchon welding and cutting in deep-sea conditions.During the research program, extensiveexperiments on arc welding and cutting in deep-sea conditions were performed to study the effectsof water pressure on arc wekiing and on theproperties of welds. A prototype of anunderwater arc stud welding tool that can attachfour studs to the work piece in consecutive orderwithin two seconds was designed. Also,conceptual design of an automatic underwaterflux-shielded welding machine for use in thedeep sea was completed and a simple automaticwelding machine operated merely by pushing abutton was constructed and tested.

Masubuchi, Koichi, V.J. Papazoglou, D.W. Schloerb,and H.L. Gustin. DEVELOPMENT OF FULLYAUTOMATED AND INTEGRATED"INSTAMATIC" WELDING SYSTEMS FORMARINE APPLICATIONS. MITSG 84-II. NTIS:PB84-199-611. 61pp. $5.

This reports on a two-year research program, todevelop fully automated and integrated weldingsystems for marine applications, These systemspackage many welding operations, includingfeeding the electrode, manipulating the torch,etc., so that welding can be done by a personwithout welding skill, Following a generaldiscussion on the concept of the instamaticwelding system, the report discusses two types ofsystems which have been built and tested:underwater stud welding and arc weldingsystems.

Masubuchi, Koichi, Chon-liang Tsai, Hironori Ozaki,Arnold Moore, lawrence Zanca, and SubodhPrasad, DEVELOPMENT OF NEW IMPROVEDTECHNIQUES FOR UNDERWATERWELDING. ~ 77-9. NTIS: PB-268 682/AS.$8.

Underwater Vehicles

see also MIT underwater vehicles researchopportunity briefs, page 47.

Baggeroer, Arthur B. ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY � ANOVERVIEW. MITSG 85-1 IJ. 7pp. No charge.

29

Although it is known that it is possible tocommunicate in the ocean environment usingacoustic telemetry, getting high data rates isdifficult. Over the years some acousticcommunications have been developed and thispaper reviews some of them and indicates howthey use various principles to overcome thelimitations. Reprinted frdtn IEEE Journal ofOceanic Engineering, Vol. OE-9, No. 4, '1984,pp.229-235.

Bellingham, James G�Robert B eaton, Michael S.Triantafyllou, and Landy Shupe. ANAUTONOMOUS SUBMERSIBLE DESIGNEDFOR SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT. MITSG 89-30J. 6pp. $1.

An autonomous submersible is being used at MITSea Grant as a platform for exploring approachesto mission planning. The vehicle is small,measuring less than three feet iong and weighing62 lbs. Layered control, which has beenimplemented for land vehicles at the MlTArtificial Intelligence Laboratory, will be usedto give the vehicle the capability required tooperate in unmapped environments and respond tounanticipated situations, Its repertoire ofbehaviors will include avoiding collisions,homing on pingers, and investigating interestingphenomena e.g. sonar targets or magneticanomalies!. A potential mission for thesubmersible might be rapid response to industrialor natural disasters, for example measuring thecharacteristics of a chemical spill in a body ofwater. Reprinted From Proceedings from Oceans'89, Seattle, Washington, Sept. 18-21, 1989.

Brooks, Thtuston L, and Thomas B. Sheridan.SUPERMAN � A SYSTEM FOR SUPERVISORYMANIPULATION AND THE STUDY OFHUMAN/COMPUTER INTERACTIONS. MITSG79-20. NTIS: PB301-290/AS. $6,

Carmichael, A. Douglas, Stewart D. Jessup, and GlennKeller. A SMALL ROBOT SUBMARINE FOROCEANOGRAPHIC APPLICATIONS. MITSG76-15J. NTIS: PB-263 343/AS. Reprinted fromProceedings from Oceans '76, the proceedings ofthe Second Annual Conference sponsored by themarine Technology Society and the Institute ofElectrical and Electronic Engineers, 1976.

Catipovic, J.A., Arthur B. Baggeroer, K. Von DerHeydt, and D.E. Koelsch, THE DESIGN ANDPERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF A DIGITALACOUSTIC UNDERWATER TELEMETRYSYSTEM. MITSG 85-12, NTIS: PB86-1565'10/XAB, 54pp. $5.

This report discusses the design and perfonnancecharacteristics of a system for transmitting databetween deep sea instrunu.nts and surface workstations. The system, Digital Acoustic TelemetrySystem DATS!, incorporates the current state-of-the-art technology and is capable of reliabledata transmission at rates useful For a wide rangeof tasks. DATS is designed to operate in veryreverberant channels. It adaptively monitors thetime and frequency dispersion of the channel anduses the measurements to correct the demodulatorand decoder. The report presents measurements ofthe channel used at frequencies centered at 50kHz and at ranges of up to I km in shallow water.

Doelling, Norman A., Elizabeth T. Gowell, editorsAUTONOMOUS UNDER WATE R SYSTEMSFOR SURVEY OPERATIONS. MITSG 89-4.NTIS: PB89 187397/AS. 83pp. $3.

An undersea robot that can be released at sea,find a harbor, perform a task and return to adesignated location could be used for militaryapplications like mine clearing and mine laying,or for oceanographic surveys, mineralexploration, fish population studies andunderwater equipment repair. This reportsummarizes the findings of an interdisciplinaryMIT research team assembled in 1987 to developa vehicle concept and outline a plan of researchnecessary for its development. Concluding thatthe best robot is the smallest possible systemconsistent with payload, power, sensor andcomputational requirements, the report considerssystems for vehicles as small or smaller thantorpedoes.

Doelling, Norman A., and Elizabeth T. Harding,editors. UNDERSEA TELEOPERATORS ANDINTELLIGENT AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES.MITSG 87-1. 233pp. $15,

This book, based on papers presented at aconference on undersea teleoperators held at MITin October 1986, presents a multldisciplinary lookat the evolving fields of teleoperation, roboticsand artificial intelligence as they apply tounderwater systems. In the first section of thebook, the authors present an historicalperspective of the current state-of-the-art inteleoperation and the evolution of underwaterretnotely operated systems. The last sectionexplotes the requirements of future systems,

Goudey, Clifford A., and William B. Coney.ICARUS � MIT'S HUMAN-POWERED

SUBMARINE, MlTSG 90-8. 22pp. $1.

30

In June of 1989, the H.A. Perry Foundationsponsored a race among human poweredsubmarines in West Palm Beach, Fla. Intended asa means of introducing students and youngengineers to the challenges and opportunities ofapplying their skills to the marine environment,the competition attracted 19 entries from acrossthe country,

This paper describes Icarus, MII"s entry into thisunusual competition. A team of students bandedtogether to design and build what was hoped tobe the winning submarine. The hull form,propulsion system, and control surface geometryare described. Several unusual features of theMIT entry are also explained, including thearticulated tail, the automatic buoyancy controlsystem, and the slender propefier blades made ofcarbon fiber. The numerical techniques used in thepropeller design are also covered.

Kazerooni, Homayoon, and Thomas B. Sheridan.COMPUTER SIMULATION AND CONTROL OFUNDERWATER VEHICLES. MITSG 82-19.NTIS: PB83-150-532. 150pp. $8.

This report describes the digital simulation ofunderwater inspection vehicles. Differentialequations, which can present the threedimensional motion of the vehicle, have beenused to study dynamics and kinematics. Severalalgorithms are described which bring the motionof the vehicle under the supervisory control of anoperator. Digital dynamic models of ALVIN andRCV 150 simulate the control algorithms inperforming some complicated tasks such asbottom following.

Kazerooni, Homayoon, and Thomas B. Sheridan.WIDE BANDWIDTH POSITIONING SYSTEMSFOR SPACE AND UNDERWATER VEHICLES,MITSG 85-34. NTIS: PB86-157310/XAB. ISpp. $4.

Remotely operated underwater vehiclessometimes must attach themselves to an

underwater structure to employ manipulators andother tools for inspection, cleaning and repairingtasks. The interaction of classical control and theconstraining attachment systems can result inhigh forces and possible destruction of equipment.To attack this problem a general technique knownas impedance control has been developed. In thisreport, the concept has been extended to includeconstraints as a special kind of external load.Thus, it is shown that the controger can be builtto work safely with systems having constraints or

attachment mechanisms which severely limitmotion.

Kazerooni, Homayoon. A ROBUST DESIGNMETHOD FOR IMPEDANCE CONTROI, OFCONSTRAINED DYNAMIC SYSTEMS. MITSG85-35TN. 140pp. $14.

This report complements MITSG 85-34 abstractedabove. It provides considerable detail on theextension of impedance control to includeconstraints as a special kind of external load. Theresearch reported shows that a controller can bebuilt to work safely with systems havingcontraints or attachment mechanisms whichseverely limit motion,

Landsberger, Samuel E., and Thomas B. Sheridan. ANEW DESIGN FOR PARALLEL LINKMANIPULATORS. MITSG 85-16J. 3pp. Nocharge,

This paper describes a new manipulator armconfiguration in which six degrees of freedom areobtained through one passive compressive spineand six active tension cables, all positioncontrolled in parallel. The design has theadvantage that all motors can be mounted at thebase, the mass of the arm can be reduced greatlywith greater rigidity and speed and in contrast toconventional designs the inverse Jacobianrequired for control is easy to calculate.Reprinted from Proceedings from IEEEInternational Conference on System, klan &Cybernetics �985!, Tuscon, Ariz.

Levi, Carolyn. DEEP THOUGHTS � ARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCE IN UNDERWATERVEHICLES. MITSG 90-5. 6pp. $1.

Autonomous underwater vehicles AUVs!promise to greatly expand access to the ocean foroceanographers as well as marine engineers, butdesigning AUVs to be both flexible and economicenough for wide use is highly challenging. Thisarticle discusses computer and engineeringstrategies underlying the design of small,inexpensive, and robust artificially intelligentsubmersibles. Pn>gress in AUV development attwo Sea Grant programs is reviewed. Reprintedfrom btar'easter Vol. 1, No. 2, 1989.

Morey, Kenneth A., and Erik I Mollo-ChristensenDESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND FIELD TRIALSOF A TOWED INSTRUMENTED GLIDER.MITSG 76-20. NTIS: AD-A006962. $2.

Odahara, Tetsuichi and Thomas B. Sheridan.EXPERIMENTS IN SUPERVISORY CONTROLOF A COMPUTERIZED VEHICLE FORINSPECTING CURVED SURFACES. MITSG 80-19. NTIS: PB81-178-337. 77pp. $4.

Research in underwater work vehicle supportsystems has developed a computerized vehiclefor inspecting curved surfaces, such as pipelines.The control system uses three kinds of vehiclemotion control: manual, automatic approaching,and automatic surface following. The reportdocuments manual control difficulties and theadvantage of combined manual and automaticcontrol systems and considers the adaptability ofsupervisory control concepts to underseainspection.

Royer, Thierry. HUMAN INTERACTIVESIMULATION AND DISPLAY OF ANUNDERWATER REMOTELY OPERATEDVEHICLE. MITSG 85-29TN. 92pp, $5.

As the fieet of unmanned submersibles grows inthe next several years, so will the demand fortrained human operators who can superviseunderwater vehicles using analog controls,computers, and video. This report offers aframework for developing training procedures forthe operators through simulation. The simulator,implemented on a PDP 11/34, is made up of fourmodules which work in parallel: a dynamicmodel of the vehicle, a static model for theshape and tension of the tether, a graphicsdisplay, and a simulator of the environment. Themodular concept makes it easy to change or adaptindividual elements, and simulation costs can becut by using a multi-microcomputer system.

Schneiter, John L OBJECTIVE TACTILE SENSINGSTRATEGY FOR OBJECT RECOGNlTION ANDLOCALIZATION. MITSG 86-19J. 6pp. No charge.

A theory for scheduling sensor moves to obtaintactile information from objects is presented. Inthis report, the authors assume that tactilemeasurements are taken from 2-D planar objectsand consist of the poirrt of contact of the sensorwith an object's face and the surface normalvector at the contact point, although the theorydoes not preclude other tactile inputs. The theoryis also not limited to 2-D planar objects, andgeneral 3-D objects may be used with aconcomitant increase in the complexity of therepresentation and software development. It is,however, necessary to have a finite number ofinterpretations of the tactile data. A hardwaredemonstration system was developed.

Schnei ter, John I OPTICAL TACTICAL SENSORFOR MANIPULATORS. MITSG 87-5J. 7pp. Nocharge.

A touch sensor for robots was designed, built anddemonstrated. It is based on a deformable elasticreflective surface and optical fiber technology.The device is relatively immune toelectromagnetic noise and may be used inenvironments where it is important to protectsensitive electronic equipment from such noise.The sensed touch pattern is easily read andinterpreted by a computer using current videotechnology. The design allows for extremelyhigh spatial resolution �100 sensitive spots persquare inch achieved here!. Spatial resolutionmust be traded off with sensor pad thickness toretain adequate sensitivity. Reprinted fromRobotics and Computer-IntegratedManufacturing, 1984.

Sofyanos, Thomas N. and Thomas B. Sheridan. ANASSESSMENT OF UNDERSEATELEOPERATORS. MITSG 80-1 1. Photocopyreprint available. NTIS: PB81-102-535. 315pp.$15.

This Mechanicai Engineering Department thesisassesses undersea teleoperators and competingmethods of underwater intervention, The reportexamines general purpose, remotely controlledwork vehicles and discusses representative costsfor offshore divers and manned and unmannedsubmersibles. The role of remotely operatedvehicle systems in offshore installationinspection, development trends for teleoperatorsystems, and federally supported programs areevaluated.

Stewart, W. Kenneth. BACKSCATTER FROMSIDESCAN SONAR FOR AUTONOMOUSCLASSIFICATION AND NAVIGATION.MITSG 89-26J. 21 pp. $2.

As autonomous underwater vehicles evolve theywill need more sophisticated ways to modeltheir environment from sensor data, This reportdescribes several techniques for three-dimensional sonar processing in which seafloorshape is used to reduce geometric and radiometricdependencies in the intensity signal, usingbathymetry and sidescan data. Pn:liminaryresults are also described for new split-beamsrdescan sonars designed for high-resolutionseafloor characterization. The processed outputis a quantitative model of three-dimensionalshape and backscatter characteristics that will

31

Hydrodynaxnics

General

32

be applied to feature classification and terrain-relative navigation for intelligent underwatervehicles, Reprinted from Proceedings from theSymposium on Unmanned UntetheredSubmersible technology, June 1989.

Stewart, W. Kenneth. MODEL BASED APPROACHTO 3-D IMAGING AND MAPPINGUNDERWATER. MITSG 88-4J. 12pp. $2.

An approach to multidimensional representationof underwater environments is presented withresults of applications in 3Mimensional sonarmapping. A non-deterministic madel incorporatesinformation from multiple knowledge sources andcreates a framework for real-time processing.probabilistic methods account for non-idealsensors while spatial decomposition andnumerical techniques treat amorphousunderwater features and allow an incrementalapproach to modeling the surroundings. Anemphasis on representational and modelingissues is maintained with examples drawn fromcomputer simulations and field data fromprofiling and imaging sonars. Reprinted fromSeventh International Conference on OffshoreA4echanics and Arctic Engineering-Volume Vl.

Stewart, W, Kenneth. MULTISENSOR MODELINGOF UNDERSEA TERRAIN. MITSG 89-27J, 11pp.$1.

This paper describes a method of constructingmultidimensional models of the underseaenvironment with real-time multisensor data.The basis of this approach is to divide the spaceinto small cubical units, each of which has amultisensor feature vector that represents theproperties within the region. New sensor data ismerged to continuously update the image.Reprinted from Proceedings from MTS ROV '89,San Diego, CA., March 1989,

Stewart, W. Kenneth. MULTISENSOR MODELINGUNDERWATER WITH UNCERTAININFORMATION. MITSG 89-29TH, 172pp. $48.Michrofiche copies free.

This thesis develops an approach for constructingmultidimensional models of an underwaterenvironment from sensor data. The modeloperates within real-time constraints using high-bandwidth sensors providing redundant,overlapping coverage. It provides for lack ofprior knowledge about the environment and forinherent inaccuracy or ambiguityin sensing andinterpretation. A numerical approach is derivedfrom an incremental adaptation of the summation

method for image reconstruction. Computersimulations show the model can be used fornavigation. The method has been applied to realsonar data from bathymetric surveys, acousticimagery and high-resolution scanning sonar.

Triantafyllou, Michael S., and A.M, Amzallag. ANEW GENERATION OF UNDERWATERUNMANNED TETHERED VEHICLESCARRYING HEAVY EQUIPMENT AT LARGEDEPTHS. ~ 85-30TN. 243pp. $14.

The offshore industry and deep ocean miningcompanies operating in deep water will requireunmanned vehicles which can perform heavyduty tasks, This report describes in detafl arational process for designing an appropriatetethered submersible for those conditions.Simulations of the submersibles are presented toevaluate perforinance and power requirements,with and without payload. These are thenrepeated with a control methodology which usesLQG/LTR.

Triantafyllou, Michael S., and Franz Hover. CABLEDYNAMICS FOR TETHERED UNDERWATERVEHICLES. MITSG 90-4. NTIS: PB90 200049/AS.30pp. $3.

Tethered underwater vehicles find many uses inunderwater exploration. Yet, although tethersprovide safety, power and control, they cancomplicate movement of these submersibles,especially in deep water, because ofhydrodynamic drag and inertial on the tether.This paper provides a numerical scheme forstudying the dynamics of tethered vehicles. TheWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution'svehicles ARGO and JASON are used to confirmthe validity of the numerical predictions.

Halkyard, John E. WAVE FORCES ON ASUBMERGED OBJECT. MITSG 724. NTIS: COM-72-10126. Order from NTIS,

Karniadakis, G., and George S. Triantafyllou.FREQUENCY SELECTION AND ASYMPTOTICSTATES IN LAMINAR WAKES. MITSG 89-13J.29pp. $3.

A better understanding of the transition process inopen flows can be obtained through identificationof the possible asymptotic response states in the

flow. In this paper, the authors investigate theasymptotic states in laminar wakes behindcircular cylinders at low supercritical Reynoldsnumbers. Direct numerical simulation of the flowis performed, using spectral-element techniques.Naturally produced wakes, and periodicallyforced wakes are considered separately. It isfound that naturally produced wakes areperiodic, but under forcing they undergo a seriesof transitions leading to chaos. Reprinted fromJourrral of Fluid Mechanics, Vol, 199.

problem is the effect of free surface of the objecton the stability and pattern of the wake. It isshown that the presence of the free surface has astabilizing effect suppressing the unsteadiness inthe wake. Submitted to The Physics of Fluids.

Triantafyllou, George S., K. Kupfer, and A, BereABSOLUTE INSTABILITIES AND SELF-SUSTAINED OSCILLATIONS IN THE WAKESOF CIRCULAR CYLINDERS. ~ 88-6J. 4pp.$1.

Triantafyllou, George S. INSTABILITY IN THEWAKE OF A STEADILY ADVANCING SHIP.MITSG ~, 14pp. $1.

This paper studies the instability of the viscouswake of a ship. The viscous wake leaves apersistent trace of a ship's passage in the ocean,detectable by satellite surveillance. Theresearcher found that the wake is unstable andthe instability is convective. The instabilityexhibits a staggered pattern of hills and valleys,antisymmetric about the axis of the wake. Forlow Froude numbers, the frequency and phase-velocity is determined by the characteristics ofthe shear flow in the wake.

Triantafyllou, George S., and C. Chryssostomidis.THE DYNAMICS OF TOWED ARRAYS. MITSG89-32J. 6pp. No charge.

Towed arrays of hydrophones are used for bottomexploration and target detection. Thehydrophones are attached to a long, slender,flexible cyhnder, which is tawed horizontally.Since motions of the cylinder can induceuncertainties in the measurements of thehydrophones, the hydroelasticity of thecylinder is an important consideration. Thisreport details a procedure for calculating theresponse of an array to a harmonic excitation atthe upstream end. It is found that, when theseparation drag is included, the array exhibitsthe behavior of an over<amped system,responding only to low-frequency excitations.Reprinted from journal of Offshore Mechanicsand Arctr'c Engineering, August 1989.

Triantafyllou, George S., and Athanasios Dimas.THE LOW FROUDE NUMBER WAKE OFFLOATING BLUFF OBJECTS. MITSG 89-5P, 12pp. $1.

The stability of the wake of an object, such as aship, floating on the ocean surface is animportant consideration in satenite sensing ofthe ocean surface, An important aspect of this

The von Karman vortex street in the wake of acircular cylinder is shown to be due to aninstability in the flow in the near wake. A newmeans of instability analysis is used, involvingmappings from the complex x plane to thecomplex m plane. Reprinted from PhysicalReviero Letters, Vol, 59, No. 17, Oct, 26, 1987.

Ship Hydrodynamics

Goudey, Clifford A., and Madan Venugopal. ROLLDAMPING ON A 76 FOOT NEW ENGLANDTRA WLER � AN EXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATION. MITSG 87-13. 70pp. $5.

The damping effects of bilge keels, bilge fins andparavanes on the roll motions of a fishing vesselare studied experimentally using model tests in atowing tank. A 1:l7.03 scale madel of a 76 ft. NewEngland trawler was fitted with the differentdamping devices and excited by a momentgenerator. The roll amplitudes were measured attrawling and steaming speeds and with naforward speed, and the roll damping raflos werecalculated. The model resistance was measuredat trawling and steaming speeds. Comparisons ofthe effects of the different damping devices aremade. The effects of circular cutouts on thedamping action of a fin and a bilge keel are alsostudied.

Noblesse, Francis, ALTERNATE EXPRESSIONS FORTHE GREEN FUNCTION OF THE THEORY OFSHIP WAVE RESISTANCE. MITSG 79-23. $4.

Noblesse, Frands. FINAL REPORT ON A STUDY OFSHIP WAVE RESISTANCE, MITSG 81-13. NTIS:PB82-160-953. 24pp. $350.

Sea Grant researchers have examined a newanalytical theory for predicting wave resistanceof a ship in rectilinear motion at constant speedin a calm sea. One objective of the project was totest the theory using various idealizedgeometrical ship forms. Towards that objective,this report proves the convergence of the sequence

of slenderwhip approximations defined inNoblesse's slender-ship theory of waveresistance.

Venugopal, Madan, and Clifford A. Goudey. ROLLDAMPING ON A 119 FOOT NEW ENGLANDTRAWLER � AN EXPERIMENTALINVESTIGATION. MITSG 87-12. 61pp. $5.

The damping effects of bilge keels, bilge fins andparavanes on the roll motions of a fishing vesselare studied experimentally using model tests in atowing tank. A 1:26.53 scale model of a 119 ft,long New England trawler was fitted with thedifferent devices and excited in roll by a momentgenerator. The roll amplitudes and resistance atsteaming and trawling speeds were measured androll damping ratios calculated. Comparisons ofthe effects of the different damping devices aremade.

~ 83-2...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OFITS TOP END WITH AMPLITUDE EQUAL TOTWO DIAMETERS co-author E. Vrakas!. NTIS:P883-210-575. 86pp.

...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OFITS TOP END WITH AMPLI1lJDE OF TWODIAMETERS PARALLEL TO A UNIFORMSTREAM OF SPEED EQUAI. TO 120 mm/s. 66pp.

MITSG 83-4

...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OFITS TOP END WITH AMI'LITUDE OF TWODIAMETERS PARALLEL TO A UNIFORMSTREAM OF SPEED EQUAL TO 240 mm/s. NTIS:PB83-210-567. 66pp.

Offshore Stmctures

General

Chryssostomidis, Marjorie. OFFSHOREPETROLEUM ENGINEERING � ABIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO PUBLICATIONSAND INFORMATION SOURCES. MITSG 78-5.$5.

Risers and Cables

Chryssostomidis, C., and Nicholas M. Patrikalakis.THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTALPREDICTION OF THE RESPONSE OF AMARINE RISER MODEL � REPORT SERIES,MITSG 83-2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23.Individual reports � $5., series of 12 reports�$50.

A marine riser model, made up of an aluminumtube covered externally with a sealing material,has been developed, The length between balljoints L! = 3.000 m; the aluminum tube I.D. D,! =

I10.92 mm; the aluminum tube O.D. D ! = 12.61

0mm; external sealing diameter or effectivediameter D ! = 15.3 mm; average mass per unit

length M! = 0.327 kg/m; average effectiveweight per unit length We! = 1.378 N/m;effective overpuB at the lower ball joint Pe�!!= 1.72 N; and bending stiffness of a cross section

2 EI! = 35.4 Nrn . Each report in this seriesdescribes the THEORETICAL ANDEXPERIMENTAL PREDICTION OF THERESPONSE OF A MARINE RISER MODEL...

...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OFITS TOP END WITH AMPLITUDE OF TWODIAMETERS ORTHOGONAL TO A UNIFORMSTREAM OF SPEED EQUAL TO 120 mm/s. NTIS;PB83-210-559. 85pp.

...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OFITS TOP END WITH AMPLITUDE OF TWODIAMETERS ORTHOGONAL TO A UNIFORMSTREAM OF SPEED EQUAL TO 240 mm/s. NTIS:PB-210-583. 86pp.

MITSG 83-15

...IN A UNIFORM STREAM. 318pp.

MITSG 83-1 8

.�SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OFITS TOP END ORTHOGONAL TO A UNIFORMSTREAM OF SPEED EQUAL TO 42 mm/s. 209pp.

MlTSG 83-1 9...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITA11ON OFITS TOP END PARALLEL TO A UNIFORMSTREAM. 261 pp.

~ 83-20...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OF

ITS TOP END, 181 pp.

MITSG 83-21...SUBJECTED TO SINUSOID EXCITATION OFITS TOP END ORTHOGONAL TO A UNIFORMSTREAM. 299pp.

MI'ISG 83-22

...SUBJECTED TO NARROW BANK RANDOMEXCITATION OF ITS TOP END PARALLEL TOA UNIK!RM STREAM co-author E. Vrakask280pp.

MITSG 83-23...SUBJECTED TO SURFACE WAVEEXCITATION co-author E, Vrakas!. 114pp,

Chsyssostomidis, C., and Nicholas M. Patrikalakis.AN EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR THEPREDICTION OF THK DYNAMIC BEHAVIOROF RISER TYPE SYSTEMS. MITSG 85-14J. 33pp.No charge.

This paper describes a study of a set of modelscale experiments that permitted the evaluationof the role of fluid/structure interaction and theforce correlation along the length of a riser modelin the global behavior or riser kinds of systems. A3m scale riser model was built with supportthrough ball joints and with the capability ofbeing tensioned. Reprinted from Proceedings:International Conference on the Behavior ofOffshore Structttres: Boss: 1982

Chryssostomidis, C., and Nicholas M. Patrikalakis.COMPLIANT RISER ANALYSIS, MITSG 85-23J.9pp, No charge.

This paper presents a general mathematicalmodel which describes the global behavior of acompliant riser idealized as a slender, non-rotationally uniform rod with bending,extensional and torsional degrees of freedom inthree dimensions. In addition the embeddingtechnique used to solve the two-dimensionalstatic problem is developed. The researchersexplain the selection of the initialapproximation needed to start the solutionprocess which makes the algorithm veryefficient. Reprinted from Ocean SpaceUtilization '85, Tokyo, Vol. 1, pp.401-410.

Harichandran, Ronald S. and H. Max Irvine. ASTATIC ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR MULTI-LEG CABLE-BUOY SYSTEMS. ~ 82-13.NTIS: PB83-137745. 78pp. $5.

Submerged buoys and their moorings used tosupport scientiflc instrumentation, such as currentmeters and sensors, must be controlled frommoving in a dynamic ocean environment. SeaGrant research, described in this report, hasexplored static analysis as a method to be usedfor developing design procedures to properlylocate anchor points on the seabed and to

determine cable locations for multi-leg, cable-buoy systems.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and C. Chryssostomidis.A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR COMPLIANTRISERS. ~ 85-17. 79pp. $5.

To date compliant risers have been usedsuccessfully in protected waters for tanker buoyloading stations. Now the offshore industrybelieves that as alternatives to conventionalproduction risers they could simplify offshoreproduction systems. This report provides ageneral non-linear mathematical modeldescribing the global behavior of a compliantriser idealized as a slender non-rotationallyuniform rod with bending, extensional andtorsional degrees of freedom in three dimensions.It also includes the internal fluid's pressure andspeed effects on the system.

Patrikalakis, ¹icholas M�and C. ChryssostomidisNONLINEAR STATICS OFNONROTATIONALLY UNIFORM RODSWITH TORSION. MITSG 85-18. 80pp. $5.

This report describes research which extends themodel presented in MITSG 85-17. The authors inthis work have allowed for the computation ofstatic responses and present an embeddingtechnique to solve the general two-dimensionaland th~imensional static problems of abuoyant compliant riser. Configurations arepresented in the presence and the absence ofexternal currents.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and C. Chryssostomidis.LINEAR DYNAMICS OF COMPLIANT RISERS.MITSG 85-19. 154pp. $5.

This report derives the governing equations forlinear dynamics of a compliant riser idealized asa slender non-rotationally uniform rod withbending, extensional and torsional degrees offreedom. In addition it analyses a novelcombination of efflcient embedding andasymptotic techniques used to solve the threedimensional linear dynamic problem of a riserwith a planar static configuration. It thenpresents numerical examples for linear dynamicanalysis of a buoyant coinpliant riser in thepresence and absence of external current.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and C. ChsyssostomidisVORTEX INDUCED RESPONSE OF AFLEXIBLE CYLINDER IN A SHEAREDCURRENT. MITSG 85-25J. 6pp. No charge.

This paper outlines a method for theapproximate prediction of the static and liftresponses of a flexible cylinder in anundirectional variable stream. The prediction isbased on information from experiinental resultsinvolving rigid cylinders forced to oscillatesinusoidally arthogonally to a uniform stream, Anumerical example that assumes bimodalsolutions is included to illustrate the methodused for the geometry of a single-tube marineriser. Reprinted from journal of Energy ResourcesTee'nolOgy,, ASME, March 1986, vol. 108, pp59-64.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and C. Chryssostomidis.VORTEX INDUCED RESPONSE OF AFLEXIBLE CYLINDER IN A CONSTANTCURRENT. MITSG 85-26J. 6pp. No charge,

The paper describes a method to theoreticallypredict the static and lift responses of a flexiblecylinder in an undirectional constant current, Theapproach used allows the authors to predict anumber of independently determined,monochromatic, and multimode dynamicsolutions. Numerical examples assumingmonomodal solutions are included to allowcomparison of the theoretical predictions withexperimental and other published theoreticalresults. Reprinted from journal of EnergyResources Technology, ASME, Vol. 107, No. 2,June 1985, pp. 244-249.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and George A. Kriezis.THREE-DIMENSIONAL NON-LINEARDYNAMICS OF COMPLIANT RISERS, MITSG87-11. NTIS: PB88-205488/AS. 88pp. $6.

A mathematical model is presented for thethree-dimensional non-linear static andfrequency domain dynamic analysis of non-rotationally uniform sing leg multitube compliantrisers with torsion in the presence of:unidirectional monochromatic surface gravitywaves traveling at an arbitrary angle; arbitrarymonochromatic motions and rotations of theupper and lower ends, of the same frequency andthe waves; and arbitrary currents.

The effects of riser-ocean bottom interaction,present in some catenary configurations, and ofnon-linear hydrodynamic drag aie taken intoaccount, using an equivalent harmoniclinearization technique. The governing non-linear ordinary differential equations aresubsequently solved using an adaptive non-uniform grid finite difference method, anembedding technique, and Newton's iteration.

Good initial approximations of the solution arealso provided allowing fast convergence of theiterative scheme.

The proposed riser analysis methodology iscompared with a cable dynamic analysis and twotiine domain finite element analysis of compliantrisers. Three riser configurations are used forthese comparisons; a riser configurahonidealized as a cable, a catenary riserconfiguration, and a steep wave riserconfigilration.

Addifional numerical examples are alsopresented to examine the effects of variousexcitation conditions on the performance ofdifferent types of risers. The riser configurationsexamined include a shallow water buoyant riser,a shallow water catenary riser under thepresence of two-dimensional and three-dimensional excitation and a deep watercatenary riser experiencing riser~an bottominteraction.

Triantafyllou, George S.,and C. Chryssostomidis.STABILITY OF A STRING IN AXIAL FLOW.MITSG 85-24J. 5pp. No charge.

The equation of motion of a long slender beamsubmerged in an infinite fluid moving withconstant speed is derived using Hamilton's

principle, The upstream end of the beam ispinned and the downstream end is Free to move.The resulting equation of motion is then used toperform the stability analysis of a string, i.e., abeam with negligible bending stiffness.Reprinted from journal of Energy ResourcesTechnology, ASME, December 1985, Vol 107,pp.421-425.

Triantafyllou, Michael S. DYNAMICS OF TAUTINCLINED CABLES. MITSG 85-1J. 19pp. Nocharge.

This paper provides a inathematical frameworkfor studying taut cable dynamics. Inelasticchange of configuration and stretching or acombination of the two inechanisms result when ataut cable moves, Each has a different effectwhich is particularly interesting in the case ofinclined cables since different parts havedifferent curvature and static tension, thuscreating hybrid modes, a mixture of taut-wireand inelastic-chain dynamics. Reprinted from Q.j, Mech, Apph Math. Vol. 37, Pt.3, 1984 pp 421-440

Triantafyllou, Michael S. THE DYNAMICS OFTRANSLATING CABLES. ~ 85-38j. 12pp.No charge,

The dynamics of a translating catenary arestudied. The static and linearized dynamicgoverning equations are derived along the localtangential and normal directions. It is shownthat in this form two simpler equations can bederived and solved asymptotically for bothsmall and large sag cables. Reprinted from TheJournal of Sound and Vibration, 1985, Vol. 103�!,pp. 171-1 82.

Triantafyllou, Michael S�Antoine Bliek, JimBurgess, and Hyunkyoung Shin. MOORINGDYNAMICS FOR OFFSHORE APPLICATION.MITSG 86-1, Part 1, Theory/MITSG 86-2, Part 2,Applications. NTIS: Part I, PB86-157252; Part 2,PB86-157260. $12.each; $20 for the set.

The use of mooring systems in offshore waters of2,000 feet or more cause a design problem in thatthe natural frequency of the cables lie within thewave spectrum and are thus vulnerable todynamic amplification. At the same time, longerlines are required, thereby increasing self weightand reducing the available margin for dynamiceffects. The study described in these reportsreveal the effect of some non-linearities forvibrating cables. A new method was developedby the research to couple the dynamics of severalmooring lines, based on the principle of dynamic1IIl pect ance.

Triantafyllou, Michael S., Antoine Bliek, andHyunkyoung Shin. STATIC AND FATIGUEANALYSIS OF MULTl-LEG MOORINGSYSTEM. MITSG 86-21. 75pp. $5.

The report describes all theoreticaldevelopments for evaluating the fatigue life ofmulti-leg mooring systems. It is a continuation ofprevious, detailed research on the statics anddynamics of a mooring line. In the previous work,the authors concluded that the quasi-staticapproach to cable design becomes increasinglyinapplicable in deeper waters, since the dynamictension, although caused by small amplitudemotions, is as important as the quasi-statictension caused by the large amplitude, slowlyvarying excursions of the vessel. This creates thedistinct possibility of cable fatigue. One majordecision was made at the beginning of the presentstudy: drag nonlinearity was to be linearizedstochastically and the dynamic cable code was toemploy frequency domain techniques by iteratingwith respect to the nonlinear drag effect until

convergence was achieved. This decision led tothe development of very efficient computationalmethods to treat the very complex problem oflongaerm cable fatigue.

Vanmarcke, Erik H., and Richard N. IasconeESTIMATION OF DYNAMICCHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP OCEAN TOWERSTRUCTURES. MITSG 72-12. NTIS: COM-72-10919. Order from NTIS.

Soils and Foundations

Azzouz, Amr S., Mohsen M. Baligh, and Charles CIadd. CONE PENETRATION ANDENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF THE SOFI'ORINOCO CLAY. MITSG 82-11. 53pp. $5.

Construction of an offshore platform designrequires knowledge of sea floor soils: theirability to support gravity loads and to resisthorizontal forces from waves, currents andseismic activities. This report discusses methodsfor identifying soil characteristics. Theemphasis is on comparing the relativeadvantages of in situ versus conventional andsophisticated laboratory tests. Observationshave been made at two widely separated boringsin 40 m thick deposits of soft, plastic, Orinococlay, a sediment found extensively offshoreVenezuela.

Azzouz, Amr S., Mohsen M. Baligh, and Andrew J.Whittle. SHAFT RESISTANCE OF PILES INCLAY, MITSG 90-7J. 18pp, $1,

A new method is proposed for elucidating,formulating, and predicting the axial capacity offriction piles in moderately overconsolidatedclays �5OCM4! within a systematic andrational framework. The paper focuses on single,vertical, rigid, and cylindrical piles driven indeep deposits which exhibit normalizedbehavior, The normalized limiting skin friction,j! = f s/a'uo!, during rapid monotonic undrainedaxial loading is written as the product of alateral ear thpressure coefficient, Kc =o'hc/o'uo! at the end of soil consolidation,which follows pile installation, and a skin-friction ratio, p =fs/crhc!. Important factorsaffechng Kc are shown to include theoverconsolidation ratio OCR! of the clay and its

sensitivity. The friction ratio, p, is not sensitiveto the in situ OCR of the deposit and correspondsto the normalized peak-strength ratio, cu/rr'ix. inundrained direct simple shearing of the clay at

37

an OCR=1.2 %.1!. Reprinted from Journal ofGeofechnicai Engineering, Vol. 116, No. 2,February 1990.

Baecher. Gregory B., Mark Chan, Thomas S. Ingra,Thomas Lee, and Louis A. Nucci.GEOTECHNICAL RELIABILITY OF OFFSHOREGRAVITY PLATFORMS. MITSG 80-20. NTIS:PB81-224-438. 271pp. Order from NTIS,

Current techniques of risk and reBabilityanalysis provide a strong analytical frameworkfor handling many offshore design uncertaintiesrationally. This report describes existingmethods and combines them into a unifiedanalytical approach. An important part of thestudy discusses the uncertainties introduced bymodeling and the relationship of thoseuncertainties to parameter estimation.

Baecher, Gregory B., and Thomas S, Ingra.STOCHASTIC FEM IN SETTLEMENTPREDICTIONS. ~ 85-2J. 14pp. No charge.

Foundation design requires predictions of totaland differential settlement. However, as soilstrata are spatially variable and explorationeffort is limited, these predictions cannot bemade with certainty. This paper reports theresults of tw~imensional second-momentsettlement analyses using finite element methodsand compares these results with one-dimensionaluncertainty analyses already in the

PENETROMKTER. MITSG 81-10, NTIS: PB82-147-505. 2lpp. $3.50.

A Sea Grant team has developed a piezoconepenetrometer capable of measuringsimultaneously cone resistance, pore waterpressure, and skin friction during soil penetration.The piezocone was tested in a marine claydeposit from which extensive penetration dataalready are available. Results indicate that thepenetrometer is reliable and extremely useful inidentifying soils and determining soilstratification, Measurements of pore pressuredissipation when penetration stops can be used toestimate the consolidation and/or permeabilityof soils.

Baligh, Mohsen M. and Jaques-Noel Levadoux. POREPRESSURE DISSIPATION AFI'ER CONEPENETRATION. MITSG 80-13. NTIS: PB81-102-485. 368pp. Order from NTIS.

This report describes rapid response conicalpiezometers used to evolve new analyticalmethods of determining soil properties directlyat offshore sites. The methods of estimatingconsolidation and permeability characteristics ofclays from measurements of the pore pressuredecay after cone penetration is interrupted areevaluated, using extensive dissipationmeasurements in two clay deposits. The predictedprofiles provide good agreement with laboratorydata and Full-scale performance,

literature, Reprinted from Journal of theGeotechnical Engineering Division, April 1981,pp. 449-463.

Baligh, Mohsen M., and Amr S. Azzouz. CONKPENETRATION TESTS OFFSHORE THEVENEZUELAN COAST. MITSG 80-21. NTIS'.PB81-182-560. 164pp. $8.

This report publishes results of a soils testingprogram offshore Venezuela using a Dutch coneand pare pressure probe. Theoretical andempirical correlation procedures, andinformation about in situ undrained stress-strain-strength behavior in test sites and in knowncharacteristic soils were compared, Researchersdeveloped theoretical models for interpretingcone penetration and pore pressure data, withguidelines for using cone penetrometers toestimate in situ properties for foundation design.

Baligh, Mohsen M., Amr S. Azzouz, Z.E. Wissa, R.T.Martin, aud M.J. Morrison. THE PIEZOCONE

Baligh, Mohsen M., Vitoon Vivatrat, and Charles CLadd. EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OFENGINEERING PROPERTIES FORFOUNDATION DESIGN OF OFFSHORESTRUCTURES. MITSG 79-8. NTIS: PB298-292/AS.

Lee, Lep S., and Gregory B. Baecher. ACOUSTICDATA AND UNCERTAINTY INGEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATIONOFFSHORE. MITSG 83-13. NTIS: PB84-100-908.

188pp. $8.

Acoustical profiling provides a flexible,convenient method to study the characteristics ofocean soils, but to date the reliability of thisinformation has not been firmly established.This report discusses methods of determining thevelocity parameter. Correlations of acousticalproperties, physical properties and sedimentgeotechnical elastic properties provide anindirect means of correlating acoustical andelastic properties. Then the reliability ofpredicting the state of regions outside and

39

between parallel seismic profile lines areexamined. The last chapter looks at thegovernment's role in leasing the OuterContinental Shelf lands and discusses a policymod el for leasing.

Levadoux, Jaques-Noel,and Mohsen M. Baligh. POREPRESSURES DURING CONK PENETRATIONIN CLAYS. MITSG 80-12, NTIS: PB81-100-661.310pp. Order from NTIS.

In situ and laboratory analyses of conepenetration and pore pressure estimation in claysare discussed. Test results are combined withspecial soil behavior models and known soilelement strain paths which determine deviatoricstresses and sheer-induced pore pressures. Thecomparisons attempt to explain test differences indifferent deposits and apply questions about soilstability and compressibility with deeppenetration, pile installation and undrainedloading problems in offshore construction.

Malek, Azziz M., Amr S. Azzouz, Mohsen M. Baligh,and John T. Gennaine. UNDRAINED CYCLICSIMPLE SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF CLAY WITHAPPLICATIONS TO PILE FOUNDATIONSSUPPORTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS.MITSG 87-20. NTIS. 'PB88-209036/AS. 381pp.$18.

This study seeks to develop a basic understandingof the behavior of clays under combined staticand cyclic loading conditions with particularapplication to deep water compliant offshorestructures. In order to develop more reliablemethods for analyzing and predicting thebehavior of pile shafts supporting Tension LegPlatforms TLPs!, this report attempts toidentify and evaluate the effects of importantfactors on the behavior of clay elements subjectedto the complex loading history typical of a TLPfoundation system. Results of a lab testingprogram on resedimented samples of Boston BlueClay are compared with other clays andgeneralizations made, An hypothesis ispresented that provides good predictions of thenumber of cycles to failure as well as evolution ofshears strains during undrained cyclic directsimp! e shearing. One of a series of Sea Grantreports on offshore piles and marine soils, thisstudy lists related MlT Sea Grant reports andunpublished MIT theses.

Urzua, Alfredo M., and W. Allen Marr. ANALYSISOF PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT FROMCYCLIC LOADING OF FOUNDATIONS.MITSG 81-9. NTIS:PB83-113753. 343pp. $8.

An analytical method is described for predictingthe permanent displacement of soils resultingfrom cyclic loading under drained conditions. Thetechnique uses the finite element method with alinear viscoelastic stress-strain relation thataccounts for cumulative strain by using data fiomstress path cyclic tests. In the one-dimensionalcase permanent strains predicted usingparameters from triaxial tests agree withmeasured strains, both in magnitude and rate.Predicted horizontal stress considerably exceedsthe measured stress.

Hydrodynamic Loading and Structural Response

Chryssostomidis, C., and Nicholas M. Patrikalakis.SEAKEEPING CALCULATIONS FOR SWATHSHIPS USING A NEW MODIFIED VERSIONOF CAT-5. MITSG 86-7TN. 116pp. $4.

This study modifies an existing seakeepingprogram, CAT-5, developed for catamarans toallow seakeeping computations for swath ships.Comparisons of modified program results arepresented for both kinds of vessels and areaccompanied by experimental and othertheoretical results. The research was undertakenwith passthrough funds from the Naval SeaSystems Command, the U.S. Coast Guard.

Chan, K.S., and W.K. Melville. DEEPWATERBREAKING WAVE FORCES ON SURFACEPIERCING STRUCTURES. MITSG 85-5J. 6pp. Nocharge.

A preliminary experimental study of deep waterbreaking wave forces on a flat plate wasconducted in a wave channel. Pressures weremeasured simultaneously at six verticallocations, for different horizontal locations ofthe plate relative to the break point, and forthree inclinations to the vertical. Reprinted fromProceedings from Oceans 84,

De Oliveira, Joao G. THE BEHAVIOR OF STEELOFFSHORE STRUCTURES UNDERACCIDENTAL COLLISIONS. MITSG 82-22J.12pp, No charge.

In order to design steel offshore structures againstimpact loads due to accidental collisions byships, it is necessary to evaluate the plasticenergy absorption capability of the structure'smembers. In this paper, the local energy absorbedat the point of impact and in its immediatevicinity is first considered. Then the overallenergy absorption ca pability of a tubular member

is studied when it deforms in bending. A simplemethod for estimating the extent of damage fromcollision with a typical supply vessel issuggested, and a specific application is discussed.Reprinted from Proceedings from the OffshoreTechnology Conference �981: Houston, Texas!.

Marshall, James G. BEHAVIOR OF DELAMINATEDCOMPOSITE CYLINDERS SUBJECT TOHYDROSTATIC PRESSURE. MITSG 89-15TH.10lpp. $30.75. Microfiche copies free.

Composite materials have been increasinglyemployed in automobile, aerospace, andmaritime industries over the past decade, Onereason they have not been used as extensively asthey might be for construction of deepiivingvessels is a lack of experience with compositeocean structures. This research attempts toquantify manufacturing defects and in-serviceimpact loads on the critical load-bearingcapacity of cylindrical pressure vessels subjectedto external pressure.

Mavrikios, Yianni, and Joao G, de Oliveira. DESIGNAGAINST COLLISION FOR OFFSHORESTRUCTURES. MITSG 83-7, NTIS: PB83-210-468.

164pp. $8.

The possibility of accidental coBision betweensupply boats and offshore platforms increaseswith stepped-up offshore development. To aid indeveloping better design criteria this reportdescribes a simple method of estimating thestructural damage to a platform from a minorplatform-ship collision. The force deflectioncurve for a rigid-plastic circular cylindersubjected to transverse loading applied by awedge is derived following an energy approach.The curve combined with the equivalent curve fora ship's bow and the foundation stiffness of aplatform are used for a siinplified two-massdynamic model which determines numericallythe plastic deformation of one platform memberdamaged by a ship cogision. The final chapteroutlines a cost-benefit analysis of a minorcollision versus strength of platform.

Mei, Chiang C. NUMERICAL METHODS IN WATERWAVE DIFFRACTION AND RADIATION.MITSG 78-17J. Reprinted from The AnnualReview of Fluid hlechanics, Vol. 'l0, 1978, Nocharge,

Shum, K.T., and W,K. Melville. ESTIMATES OF THEJOINT STATISTICS OF AlvlPLITUDES ANDPERIODS OF OCEAN WAVES USING AN

INTEGRAL TRANSFORM TECHNIQUE, MITSG854J, 10pp. No charge.

An integral transform method is used to obtaincontinuous time series of wave amplitude andperiod from ocean wave measurements. The jointstatistics of these two variables are determinedand directly compared with the theoreticalprobability densities predicted by Longuet-Higgins �975, 1983!. Good agreement is found fordata from both calm and hurricane sea states.This method avoids the ambiguities in thedefinitions of wave amplitude and period foundin earlier comparisons of field data with theory.Reprinted from Journal of Geophysics Research,v.89, No. C4, July 20, I984.

Vandiver, J. Kim. PREDICTION OF THE DAMPING-CONTROLLED RESPONSE OF OFFSHORESTRUCTURES TO RANDOM WAVEEXCITATION. ~ 80-9J. 10pp. No charge.

This paper introduces a simple procedure forestimating a structure's dynamic response at eachof its natural frequencies to random waveexcitation. For many structures, a simpleexpression may be derived for the wave forcespectrum in terms of radiation damping and theprescribed wave amplitude spectrum. In thismethod explicit calculation of wave forces is notrequired. Example calculations are presented,Reprinted from Society of Petroleum EngineersJournal, 1980,

Vandiver, J, Kim, and Shuhei Mitome, EFFECTS OFLIQUID STORAGE TANKS ON THE DYNAMICRESPONSE OF OFFSHORE PLATFORMS.MITSG 79-9J. NTIS: PB80-186-414. Reprintedfrom App ied Ocean Research, Vol. L No. 2,1979. Order froin NTIS.

Wienbicki, Tomasz�and Myung Sung Suh. DENTINGANALYSIS OF TUBES UNDER COMBINEDLOADINGS. MITSG 86-5. 105pp. $5.

Tubular members of offshore platforms and pipeswhich transport oil and gas from productionfields are vulnerable to human damage fromsupply boats, dropped objects or launchmishandling and to natural causes such as icescouring in the Arctic. In the case of platforms,distortion of shape or loss of axial and bendingstrength and stiffness could lead to catastrophiccollapse. For purposes of design it is important tobe able to predict loading and behavior of tubes.This report presents insights into the mechanismsof plastic tube deformation undergoing largeshape distortion and sectional collapse. The

40

understanding of these processes is a prerequisitefor solving the whole class of boundary valueproblems in using tubes for industrialapplications.

Wierzbicki, Tomasz, C, Ciuyssostomidis, and C.Wiernickk RUPTURE ANALYSIS OF SHIPPLATING DUE TO HYDRODYNAMIC WAVEIMPACT. MITSG 85-13J. 19pp, No charge.

A large percentage of marine vessel casualtiescaused by extreme loading is attributed tohydrodynamic impact forces in severe seas. Inthis paper a new analytical procedure farpredicting the damage of stiffened shipstructures under hydrodynamic impact loads isdeveloped. Reprinted from Proceedings of ShipStructure Symposium '84, Arlington, VA..

Marine Architecture

Chryssostomidis, C., C. Graham, M. Meyers, and P,V.Prakash, EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENTUSING INTERACTIVE COMPUTERGRAPHICS, MITSG 86-3TN. 37pp. $2.40.

This study produced a methodology for managingcomputer arrangements and a program fortransferring equipment arrangment locations viaASCII file to the ship's Integrated Data Base IDB!. The program is written in VARPRO2computer language for a Computer Vision CV!200X CGP minicomputer with theComputerVision CADDS 4X CAD/CAMapplication program installed. The research wasundertaken with passthrough funds from theNaval Sea Systems Command, the U,S, Navy,

Chryssostomidis, C., and Nicholas M. Patrikalakis.GEOMETRIC MODELING ISSUES INCOMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF MARINESTRUCTURES. MITSG 89-14J. 29pp. $3.

This work discusses the application of geometricmodeling in computer~ded engineering systemssuch as ships and offshore structures. Methods ofshape representation and interrogation in thecomputer are identified and their salientfeatures are analyzed to allow understanding oftheir strengths and limitations in the context ofdifferent applications, Issues of data exchangebetween systems of different inherentcapabilities are also discussed. Finally, someother open problems in this field are identified.Reprinted from Marine Technology SocietyJournal, Vol. 22, No. 2, 1989.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M. APPROXIMATECONVERSION OF RATIONAL SPLINES.MITSG 89-10J. 11pp. $1.

The exchange of data between differentgeometric modeling systems fiequently requiresapproximate conversions of rational Bezier andB-spline curves and surfaces to lower degreeintegral B-spline representations. The objectiveof this paper is to present an algorithm toapproximate non-uniform rational B-splinecurves with non-uniform integral B-spline curvesof lower degree. A global error bound whichguarantees the precision of approximation at allpoints is derived. Reprinted from Computer-Aided Geometric Design, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1989.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M,, and George A, Kriezis.PIECEWISE CONTINUOUS ALGEBRAICSURFACES IN TERMS OF B-SPLINES. MITSG88-5. 73pp. $8.

Because of the importance of intersection,blending, and offset problems in geometricmodeling applications and the promise ofimplicit polynomials in providing solutions tothese problems, a number of investigators havesuggested the use of algebraics, especially low-order algebraics, in computer-aided design,Modelling with low-order algebraic B-splinepatches bounded by rectangular boxes isinvestigated and reported in this work.Motivations behind the development af amethod to represent sculptured shapes in the B-spline form are: the degree reduction in theresulting representation, the capability forpiecewise continuous shape representation, andthe geometrical significance of the coefficients inthis representation. Using Bernsteinpolynomials, this paper describes a method ofrepresenting a finite portion of an algebraicsurface within a rectangular box. The method isextended to handle piecewise continuousalgebraic surfaces within rectangular boxesdered in terms of triple products of B-splinebasis function. Various techniques for shapecreation using the above formulation aredeveloped and several interrogation techniquesused in the creation and analysis of theformulation are described, Results aresummarized and possible applications given. Ahighlight of this paper are color illustrations ofsculptured shapes created in the computer withthis method.

Patrikalakis, Nicholas M., and P.V. Frakash.COMPUTATION OF ALGEBRAIC ANDPOLYNOMIAL PARAMETRIC SURFACE

41

42

INTERSECTIONS. MITSG 87-19. NTIS: PB88-208277. 106pp. $6,

Computer programs that can describe all featuresof an unknown implicit polynomial algebraic!are essential tools for computer engineering.Naval architects use such programs to representand interrogate the external and internal shapeof complex engineering objects during differentphases of design, analysis, and fabrication. Thisreport presents the basic elements of a newalgorithm allowing automatic interrogation ofplanar algebraic curves within a rectangularparallelogram, arising in the context ofintersections of algebraic surfaces and piecewisecontinuous rational polynomial parametricsurface patches. The report, which focusesprimarily on robustness issues of the proposedalgorithm, addresses the problem of reliablederivation of the correct connectivity of the curvein the presence of singularities and smallisolated loops, Both of the latter are verycommon features of algebraic curves arising in ageometric modeling context and significantlyaffect the reliability and overall performance ofcurrent state-of-the-art algorithms,Representative results from the application ofthe new method in tracing known curves and incomputing surface intersections are alsopresented.

Prakash, P.V,, and Nicholas lVI. Patrikalakis.SURFACE-TO-SURFACE INTERSECTIONSFOR GEOMETRIC MODELING. MITSG 884.NTIS: PB89 145650/AS. 85pp. $6.

Computer programs that can describe all featuresof unknown implicit polynomial curves areessential tools for computer engineering,Engineers use such programs to represent andinterrogate the external and internal shape ofcomplex engineering objects during differentphases of design, analysis, and fabrication. Thisreport deals with singularities and smallisolated features, which present commonproblems in handling the intersections ofalgebraic surfaces with piecewise continuousrational polynomial parametric surface patches,such as B-splines, with presently availablealgorithms. Such problems can be reduced totracing a planar algebraic curve within arectangular domain. The authors present thebasic components of a new method of handlingthese intersecting surfaces by combining theadvantageous features of analytic representationof the governing equation of the algebraic curvein the Bernstein basis within a rectangulardomain, the computation of border, turning and

singular points, and adaptive subdivision andpolyhedral faceting techniques to provide thebasis for a reliable solution procedure,

Wozny, Michael J. AUTOMATION OF DESIGNAND MANUFACTURING lN HEAVYINDUSTRIES, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.~ 89-22F. 34pp, No charge.

The automation of design and manufacture for thepurpose of achieving increased manufacturingcompetitiveness is a vety complex andmultidimensional research problem. In thispaper, presented as the 1988 Sea Grant Lecture,the author presents a brief overview of theresearch trends and opportunities m design andmanufacturing. The paper addresses the state ofresearch in design and manufacturing, anoverview of research thrusts, the historicalperspective of design automation, and researchdirections in computeraided design. Submitted toProceedings of Automation in the Design andManufacture of Large Marine Systems,Hemisphere Publishing Corp., address at frontof directory!.

Marine PolicyDevanney, John W., IIL MARINE DECISIONS

UNDER UNCERT~. MITSG 71-7. Out ofprint.

Frankel, Ernst G. THE FUTURE OF ATLANTICPORTS. MITSG 72-18. NTIS; COM 73-11834/AS.Order from NTIS.

Frankel, Ernst G., editor. PORT DESIGNS ANDANALYSIS METHODOLOGY. MITSG 74-31.NTIS: COM-75-10264/AS. $2,

Frankest Ernst G., and Hetuy S. Marem. &MANTRANSPORTATION. MITSG 72-17. Out of print,

Kildow, Judith T., et aL INTERNATIONALTRANSFER OF MARINE TECHNOLOGY � ATHREE-VOLUME STUDY, MITSG 77-20. NTIS:PB-275 353/AS. $8,

Padelford, Norman J. OCEAN COMMERCE ANDTHE PANAMA CANAL. MITSG 73-13J. NTIS:COM-73-11423. Reprinted from The Jorrrrral ofhfarifime Larc and Commerce 4 April 1973!;397-423. No charge.

Padelford, Norman J. PROSPECTS FOR A NEWREGIME OF THE SEAS � INTERNATIONALPOLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS. MITSG 72-5.NTIS: COM-72-10522. $1.50.

Padelford, Norman J., and Jerry E. Cook NEWDIMENSIONS OF U.S. MARITIME POLICY.MITSG 71-5. Out of print.

Padelford, Norman J., and Stephen R. Gibbs.MARITIME COMMERCE AND THE FUTURE OFTHE PANAMA CANAL, MITSG 74-28. $12,50,

ADVISORY SERVICES

MIT Marine Industry CollegiumDoelling, Norman A. THE MIT MARINE INDUSTRY

ADVISORY SERVICE � A CRITICAL REVIEW.MITSG 79-10, NTIS: PB299-113/AS. Order fromNTIS.

Horn, Dean A., and Norman A. Doehg. THE MlTSEA GRANT MARINE INDUSTRYCOLLEGIUM � A TECHNOLOGY TRANSFERPARTNERSHIP OF INDUSTRY, ACADEMIAAND GOVERNMENT. MrISG 84-7J. 4pp. Nocharge,

Technology transfer among industry, academia,and government is difficult to accomplisheffectively and efficiently. The authors describethe special features of the Sea Grant CollegeProgram which facilitate technology transfer.Also described is how the MIT Sea Grant MarineIndustry Collegium was implemented under theguidelines of the Sea Grant College Program Act.Two examples of successful technology transferefforts are given, Reprinted from Proceedingsfrom Ainerican Society of Mechanical EngineersWinter Annual Meeting �982!, paper no. 82-WA/TS-3.

Opportunity BriefsThe MIT Marine Industry Collegium OpportunityBriefs are concise descriptions of research inprogress. Most, but not all projects, have beensponsored by Sea Grant at MIT or another SeaGrant institution � and all have been presentedand discussed with user groups at a Collegiumworkshop. Information on how to join theCollegium and participate in these workshops isavailable through the Sea Grant InformationService.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. ADVANCES INUNDERWATER WELDING � OPPORTUNITYBRlEF ¹4. MITSG 76-8, NTIS: PB-262 560/AS.$2,50.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. APPLICATIONS OFMARINE ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹33. MITSG 83-10, NTIS:PB84-141-381. 52pp. $4.

This report examines three ocean applications ofnew and powerful communication technologiesthat were developed initially for application inother scientific disciplines. Ocean acoustictomography, similar to the CAT computer aidedtomography! scan which uses x-rays for imagingparts of the body, deploys underwater soundwaves to produce a picture of the inner ocean. TheDigital Ocean Bottom Hydrophone DOBH! is aself-contained instrument that can be left on thesea floor to collect acoustic and seismic data. TheDigital Acoustic Telemetry System DATS!applies modern communication techniques tocommunicate digital information fromunderwater vehicles or instruments without acable.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. BIOTECHNOLOGYAND THE SEA RECENT ADVANCES ANDAPPLICATIONS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹43.MITSG 86-13. 18pp. $4.

Derivatives from seaweed, shark, crustaceansand other marine biomaterials are finding theirway into the food and pharmaceutical industries.Research projects at the Collegium meetinginclude the isolation of a tumor growth inhibitorfrom shark cartilage, a DNA-hybridizationprobe to detect microorganisms in seawater, use ofmarine biopolymers for controlled release ofpharmaceuticals and food preservatives, andprospects for commercial production andapplications of chitins and chitosans.

MT Marine Industry Collegium. CAPACITY OFOFFSHORE FRICTION PILES IN CLAY�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹44. MITSG 86-14. 13pp.$4.

Tension leg platforms represent the transition inoffshore structures from depending on compressionmembers to relying on tension members. Over thepast decade a major geotechnical study at MIThas probed the interaction between friction pilesused to support offshore structures and theirunderlying soils. Large scale load tests haveverified the MIT approach which combinesanalytical methods with measurements obtainedby the new Piezo-Lateral Stress cell to analyzeand predict the behavior of friction piles.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. CASE STUDIES OFTHE MIT OIL SPILL MODEL � OPPORTUMPr'BRIEF ¹35, MITSG 84-2. 20pp. $4.

This report is a follow-up to opportunity brief¹25, "Oil Spill Clean-up: An Economic andRegulatory Model." The earlier documentdescribed a computer-based model useful topolicymakers as a strategic tool for responding toaccidental oi1 spills under varying assumptionsand conditions. The evolution of the researchproject, a detailed description of the model, andthree applications are presented in this secondreport. The model has been applied to examinewhat actually happened in the 1976 ArgoMerchant oil spill and to analyze a worst casesituation. Another application has been to help aCanadian petroleum company decide where tostockpile chemical dispersants in case of anoffshore spill.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. CHITIN ANDCHITIN DERIVATIVES � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹1. MITSG 76-5. NTIS: PB-262 557/AS,$2.50.

MlT Marine Industry Collegium. CLOSED-CYCLEAQUACULTURE � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹7,MITSG 77-15. NTIS: PB-272 582/AS. $250.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. COMPUTER-AIDEDPRELIMINARY DESIGN OF SHIPS�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹13. MITSG 78-13. NTIS:PB286-238/ AS. $4.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. COMPUTERMODELS FOR ENVIRONMENTALENGINEERING AND RESEARCH IN NEAR-COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹8. MITSG 77-16. NTIS: PB-272 583/AS.$2.50.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. DEEP OCEANMINING � A COMPUTER MODEL FORINVESTIGATING COSTS, RATES OF RETURN,AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF SOMEPOLICY OPTIONS � OPPOR'IUNITY BRIEF¹12. MITSG 78-12, NTIS: PB286-847/AS. $4.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. DESIGNCONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF ROPESAND CABLES IN THE MARINEENVIRONMENT � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹42.MlTSG 86-12. 16pp. $4.

dynamic response of riser-like systems subject tosteady currents, and to steady currents and surfaceplatform motion. Investigations are concernedwith drag coefficients found when thecylindrical system vibrates in response to vortexshedding forces; "in-line" alternatingdisplacements; and alternating displacementsperpendicular to the current flow.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. THE ECONOMICSAND ENGINEERING OF LARGE-SCALEALGAE BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS-OPPORTUMTY BRIEF ¹11. MITSG 78-11. NTIS:PB287-868/AS. $4.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. ELECTRONIRRADIATION, SEWAGE SLUDGE ANDAQUACULTURE � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹6.MITSG 77-14. NTIS: PB-272 581/AS. $2.50.

Mooring systems have always played animportant role in offshore engineering. Engineerscurrently do not have the tools to study dynainicloads in cables, so they design cables for staticload conditions. Ropes sometimes reveal the firstsigns of damage when they snap. These majorproblems of ropes and cables, along with futureresearch topics, are discussed by a panel of MITinvestigators.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. DIRECTIONS FORMIT RESEARCH IN UNMANNEDUNDERWATER WORK SYSTEMS�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹29. MITSG 824. NTIS:PB83-117499. 7pp. $4.

MIT Sea Grant research in unmanned underwaterwork systems is described. Projects includevehicle simulation a sophisticated simulatorhas been developed!; manipulator systems towards a working demonstration of a digitallydriven, force-reflecting manipulator servo-system using brushless D.C, motors, and computer-graphic display aids for the operator of a remotework vehicle!; relative motion of manipulator towork object a demonstration system using apassive, lightweight six-degree-of-freedom armhas been completed!; and touch sensing usingfiber optics!.

MIT Marine Industry Co0egium. DYNAMICRESPONSE OF MARINE RISERS, TENSIONLEGS, CABLES AND MOORINGS�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹30. MITSG 82-5. NTIS:PB83-148-817. 8pp. $4.

A major research effort is described to obtainexperimental data on the drag forces and

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. THEENGINEERING AND ECONOMICS OF COAL-FIRED SHIP PROPULSION � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹26, MITSG 81-7. NTIS PB82-151-895.28pp. $4,

This report discusses the problems and benefits ofcoal as a fuel for ships, including the problems ofpollution and the need for facilities for storingcoal at port. The report examines how coal ishandled and burned aboaid ship. A discussion ofthe economic feasibility of coal conversionconcludes that there is economic incentive toconvert from oil to coal ff the ship meetsspecified criteria of size and speed of travel.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. GEOTECHNICALRESEARCH AT MIT � SPRING SEMINAR�988 � HOUSTON!. OPPORTUNITY BRIEF¹50. MITSG 88-1. 24pp. $4.

As offshore oil exploration and resource recoverymoves farther from shore and into increasinglydeeper waters, more designers are turning to theuse of Tension Leg Platforms TLPs!. But designengineers need to know what kind of criticalloads that supporting friction piles will bear.Such loads occur during storms, for example, whenthe pile-soil interface encounters large cyclicshear stresses. By understanding the loadingconditions placed upon a pile during a storm andbeing able to determine the stresses encounteredat the pile-soil interface, the design engineer canperform a more accurate design analysis for aTLP. Recent research at MIT has led to thedevelopment of a model for predicting pile-soilinteraction based on soil characteristics. Thisopportunity brief abstracts presentations that

47

were made to members at the Spring 1988workshop of the MIT Marine Industry Collegiumin Houston, Texas. Discussions summarizerecently completed work on piles and TLPs, andexplore some of MIT's current geotechnicalresearch on field testing of soils

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. MARINECORROSION AND BIOFOULING-

OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹37. MITSG 84-5. 50pp,$4.

With support from the National Sea GrantOffice, a group of eight marine materialsscientists from five universities and oneindustrial research lab have coordinated theirefforts to solve selected marine corrosionproblems. Two broad problem areas wereaddressed: the relation between calcareousdeposits and cathodic protection of structuralsteel, and the localized corrosion of aluminumand stainless alloys.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. MEASUREMENTAND PREDICTION OF VIBRATIONRESPONSE OF DEEPWATER OFFSHORESTRUCTURES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹22.MITSG 81-3, NTIS: PB82-148-305. 19pp. $4.

In this report a new method based on theengineering concept of reciprocity is described forpredicting displacement of a structure battered bywaves. The new method predicts displacementwithout explicit calculation of the wave forces.The report also describes new ways to measuredissipation of energy, or damping, and currentexperiments in predicting damping of structures inthe ocean environment.

Marine Industry Collegium. MIT UNDERWATERTECHNOLOGY RESEARCH-TELEMANIPULATOR DEVELOPMENTS.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹40. MlTSG 85-27. NTIS:PB86-157302/XAB. 17pp. $4.

Several laboratories at MIT are conductingresearch on the use of manipulator systems forundersea and outer space environments, as well asfor factory automation. Projects in the SpaceSystems Laboratory, Man-Machine SystemsLaboratory, and Artificial IntelligenceLaboratory, as well as the Deep SubmergenceLaboratory at the Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution, are summarized in this report. Theprojects described include touch sensing, parallellink manipulator, impedance control ofmanipulators, underwater teleoperators for spacesimulation, and development of a supervisory

controlled telemanipulator for theARGO/JASON vehicle system.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. MITUNDERWATER VEHICLE RESEARCH�RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTUREPROGRAMS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹36.MITSG 84-3. $4.

Underwater technology research at MIT has beenaccelerating with industrial demand for lessexpensive, safer, more reliable, and more capableundersea vehicles. This report gives briefdescriptions of Sea Grant research in supervisorycontrol for remotely operated systems, the effectof tethers on underwater vehicles, and anunderwater welding system for remotelyoperated vehicles. In the area of supervisorycontrol, projects include underwater vehiclecontrol systems incorporating mechanicalconstraints, touch sensing for underwatermanipulators, and a novel manipulator design.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. MODELING OFCOASTAL PROCESSES � CIRCULATION,DISPERSION, AND WAVES � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹38. MITSG 84-4. $4.

In the rnid-1970s two computer models, CAFE andDISPER, dealing with circulation and dispersionin coastal environments, were developed by MlTSea Grant. These models have been widelydistributed and used in many academic andindustrial applications. This report describessame substantial modifications in CAFE andDISPER that will enable users to modelcirculation at much lower cost, The report alsodiscusses two methods for modeling design waveheights in nearshore environments. University ofMaine researchers have developed a method formodeling steady-state wave spectra andsignificant wave heights in bays withcomplicated bathymetry, and MIT researchershave built a model which incorporates thedissipation effects of finite water depth inpredicting wind generated waves.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. NEWTECHNIQUES FOR OCEAN MEASUREMENT.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹52. MITSG 88-13. 17pp.$4.

This collection of synopses presented at aNovember 1988 MlT Sea Grant Marine IndustryCollegium meeting describes new developments inmarine instrumentation devices at MIT, WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution, and theUniversity of Minnesota. Devices, such as a

portable mass spectrometer under development atMIT and an instrument for in-itu ocean chemicalanalysis under development at WHOI, arementioned. Speakers also outlinedinstrumentation applied to aquatic ecology,remote sensing of waves and the upper ocean, anautonomous telemetry system, andbiogeochemical measurements using a mannedsubmersible.

MlT Marine Industry Collegium. A NEWUNDERWATER COMiviUNICATIONSYSTEM � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹19. MITSG804. NTIS: PB81-108-128. 17pp, $4.

This opportunity brief presents a joint acousticaltelemetry communications project for untetheredunderwater work vehicles at MIT and WoodsHole Oceanographic Institution. Because ofmicroprocessor advances, the system oftransforming digital data to "chords" can beadapted through programmable softwarechanges and satisfy a variety of uses requiringtrade-offs among key parameters of data rate,range, and error rates.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium.NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF FIBERCOMPOSlTES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹21.MITSG 80-8. NTIS; PB81-108-144. 20pp. $4.

Inherently nonhomogeneous, fiber composites cancontain hard-to-detect internal flaws. A processof nondestructive thermal testing for flawsinvolves coating the material with a cholestericliquid crystal compound. Applying heat causesthe crystals to change color, and anomalies incolor indicate internal flaws. This projectprovides quantitative interpretation of surfacetemperature patterns and underlying flaws, andmentions acoustic and ultrasonic testing.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. NOVELAPPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOPOLYMERS.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹54. MITSG 89-7. NTIS:P889 182950/AS. 20pp. $4.

This collection of synopses presented at an April1989 MIT Sea Grant Marine Industry Collegiummeeting describes new applications for polymersproduced by marine plants and animals. Thesepolymers have long been used as food andindustrial ingredients, but recent developments inbiotechnology, enzyme technology, and food andbiochemical engineering have meated new usesfor marine biopolymers. These synopses focus onthe use of biopolymers for encapsulation processes

with application to drug delivery systems, celltransplantation and industrial food processing.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. OCEANOGRAPHICINSTRUMENTATION AT WOODS HOLEOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹45. MITSG 86-15. 20pp.$4.

Six new instruments for gathering data faster,more conveniently and more accurately arediscussed. The POPUP profller releases a seriesof probes to track vertical current profiles, whilethe Fast Profiler collects CID data and returns to

its support ship. A tiny digital recordingvoltmeter measures sediment temperature fromwithin the walls of a hydraulic piston corer. SeaDuct performs in situ sediment transportexperiments. A custom data acquisition systemmonitors fixed and drifting hydrophone arrays inthe Arctic, and an Arctic Remote AutonomousMeasurement Platform serves as a semi-permanent data station to collect and transmit orstore information.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. OFFSHOREGEOTECHMCAL EVALUATION�

OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹27, MITSG 82-3. NTIS:PB83-118265. 16pp. $4.

Important advances have been made ingeotechnical analysis for designing offshorestructures. Existing in situ testing procedures havebeen improved and a "piezocone penetrometer"has been developed which provides simultaneousmeasurement of cone resistance and pore pressure.Variability of soil property estimates gatheredby field measurement can be quantified andintegrated into a comprehensive, quantitativeanalysis of the geotechnical risk in offshorestructures�.

MlT Marine Industry Collegium. OFFSHOREMINING OF SAND AND GRAVEL�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹2. MITSG 764. NTIS:PB-262 558/AS. Order from NTIS.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP, AN ECONOMIC AND REGULATORYMODEL � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹25. MITSG81-6. NTIS: PB82-147-489. 24pp. $4.

Sea Grant research is described to integrate a setof computer models to help policymakers respondeffectively to oil spills. The models will be toolsfor identifying and evaluating alternatives andtrade-offs involved in deaning up oil spills.Three features characterize the models: decisions

are categorized in three hierarchical levels,strategic, tactical, and operational; componentsof the models are modular to allow maximumflexibility; and an analysis of parameters isincorporated to determine the importance of eachparameter to the overall problem.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. OIL SPILLS�PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹9. MITSG 77-17, NTIS:PB-272 584/AS. $2.50.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. POWER SYSTEMSFOR SMALL UNDERWATER VEHICLES,OPPORTUNlTY BRIEF ¹51. ~ 88-11. NTIS:PB89 148043/AS. 34pp. $4.

To date, electrical storage batteries have beenused almost exclusively to meet the energy needsof small underwater vehicles. Although thesebatteries are easy, relatively safe, andconvenient, their size and weight severely limitoptions for vehicle design. New developments inpower systems, however, may enhance designers'abilities to develop small vehicles capable ofperforming missions ranging from antisubmarinewarfare and surveillance to pipeline inspectionand oceanographic data collection. Thisopportunity brief abstracts presentations made byrepresentatives of industry and academia at thefall 1988 workshop of the MIT Sea Grant MarineIndustry Collegium. Summarized are: recentdevelopments and applications for high-densitypower systems, such as silver-zinc, silver-cadmium, and pressure compensated batteries;developments in artificial gills, aluminum-airbatteries, and rechargeable lithium batteries;and applications of the Stirling engine forunderwater use, Related published papers areabstracted.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. PROGRESS INCONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAQUACULTURE AND ALGAE HUSBANDRY,OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹24. MITSG 81-5. NTIS:PB82-148-271. 26pp. $4.

Two University of Delaware research projectsdiscussed in this report suggest profitablebusiness opportunitites. An experiment with aclosed-cycle aquaculture system for growingoysters may have significant value in growingseed oysters up to one centimeter. The systemrecycles oyster wastes, keeping costs of nutrientsdown, enhancing the ability of the oysters to usea larger fraction of their food, and reducing theamount of energy needed to heat water in thesystem.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. PROGRESS INUNDERWATER TELEMANIPULATORRESEA RCH � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹23.MITSG 81-4. NTIS: PB82-148-651. 23pp. $4.

The long-term goal of research at MIT and theNaval Ocean Systems Center NOSC! inunderwater telemanipulators is construction andoperation of an underwater, unmanned,untethered telemanipulator. The report describesimprovements in the NOSC submersible vehicle,EAVE WEST, the NOSC manipulator and itssupervisory control system, and experiments andimprovements in hardware and software for thesupervisory control system of MIT's laboratorymanipulators. Also described is an experimentalvehicle EV! being developed as the first step insimulation of an undersea vehicle,

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. PROTECTION OFMATERIALS IN THE MARINEENVIRONMENT � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹20.MITSG 80-7. NTIS: PB81-110-454. 9pp, $4,

A collaborative presentation of the Sea Grantprograms of Louisiana State University LSU!and MIT, this opportunity brief discusses aspectsof LKJ marine materials protection research:long lasting antifouling marine coatings,characterization and environmental impact;hydrogen embrittlement, including cathodicprotection concentration of environmentalhydrogen; and titanium-based metallic coatings.Also discussed are two LSU projects: remotesensing and interpretation of data with a TIROSsatellite, and creative computer-aided shipdesign tools.

Marine Industry Collegium. REMOTE SENSINGAND OCEANOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENTTECHNOLOGY � SOME PRESENT SYSTEMSAND FUTURE NEEDS. OPPORTUNITY BRIEF¹41. MITSG 85-21. NTIS: PB86-156502/XAB.

21pp. $4.

This report describes projects focused on theinterdependence of satellite measurements, insitu measurements, and modelling forunderstanding the dynamics of the ocean. Projectsinclude remote sensing of large-scale oceanprocesses; the value of in situ measurements formodeling the dynamics of warm core rings; andthe scientific program of the world oceancirculation experiment WOCE!, A description ofa new moored current and density profiler is alsogiven.

49

Marine Industry Collegium. RISKS AND COSTS FOROCEAN STRUCTURES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF¹17. MITSG 79-18. NTIS: PB299452/AS. $4.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. SATELLITE IMAGEANALYSIS FOR MARINE APPLICATIONS,OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹53. MITSG 89-3. PB89187330/AS, 18pp. $4.

Future research efforts to gain a greaterunderstanding of the ocean and its processes willrely increasingly on the use of satellite data.New and more sophisticated satellites willdramatically increase the types and amount ofsatellite imagery data sets available to themarine community. This collection of summariesfor a March 1989 MIT Sea Grant/Marine IndustryCollegium meeting addresses dissemination ofthe vastly increased data by NASA and NOAA,artificial intelligence under development toassist in data review, and research into dataassimilation coupled to the development of oceancirculation models, The final summary looks atfuture satellite systems to be deployed.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. SOME FEDERALLYSPONSORED RESEARCH PROGRAMS FORUNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLES�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹18. MITSG 80-5. NTIS:PB81-108-110, 34pp. $4.

This opportunity brief reviews unmannedunderwater vehicle research: MIT's untetheredsearch and survey vehicle; the Naval OceanSystems Center's free-swimming submersibleusing direct and supervisory control; and theUniversity of New Hampshire experimentalautonomous vehicle with five degrees of freedomof motion, developed by UNH, NOSC, and theU.S. Coast Guard.

MlT Marine Industry Collegium. STRUCTUPALACOUSTICS � AN APPLIED SCIENCE WITHMANY APPLICATIONS. OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹56, MITSG 89-33, NTIS: PB90 182933/AS.18pp, $4.

This report is a compilation of abstracts ofpresentations and related publications for an MITCollegium workshop held Jan 9, 1990, inCambridge, MA. Topics discuss current researchat MIT in acoustic transmission properties of fluidstorage tanks within marine vessels, recentdevelopments in analytical models of machinesystems for noise and vibration, minimization,techniques to combine analytically andexperimentally derived acoustic parameters formodel definition, and application of active and

passive control techniques to minimize structuralacoustic wave propagation. This report alsocontains a listing of recently completed thesesthat address structural acoustic research at MIT.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium.TELEMANIPULATORS FOR UNDERWATERTASKS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹3, MITSG 76-7. NTIS: PB-262 559/AS. $2.50.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. TELEOPERATORSUNDER THE SEA � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹1.4.MITSG 79-15. NTIS: PB299483/AS. $4.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. TOWARDSIMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR PREDICTINGSOIL STRENGTHOPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹16.MlTSG 79-17, NTIS: PB299-960/AS. $4.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. UNTETHEREDROBOT SUBMERSIBLE INSTRUMENTATIONSYSTEMS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹5, MITSG76-9. NTIS: PB-262 561/AS. $2.50,

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. VEHICLEDESIGN � MOTORS AND PROPULSORS.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹55. MITSG 89-24. NTIS:PB90 114133/AS. 32pp. $4.

This report is a compilation of presentations froman MIT Cogegium workshop held October 4 and5, 1989, in Cambridge, Mass. Topics includepropeller design and analysis, autonomousunderwater vehicle propulsion, oscillatinghydrofoils, AUV development, ductedpropellers, propulsive efficiency, a brushlessthruster drive, superconducting homopolarmotors, DC brushless motor design, hydraulicsystems for propulsion, control of noise,incorporating thruster dynamics in control andpropulsion design for small underwater vehicles.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. VIBRATIONRESPONSE AND THE STRUCTURALINTEGRITY OF DEEPWATER STRUCTURES�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹10. MITSG 78-10. NTIS:PB286-846/AS. $4.

MIT Marine Industry Collegium. WASTEWATERMANAGEMENT � TECHNICALALTERNATIVES AND REGULATORYOUTLOOK � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹32. MITSG83-9. NTIS: PB84-141-373. 21pp. $4.

Although ocean disposal of sewage sludge isagainst current national policy, new methods ofensuring protection of the marine environmentand increasing its fertility could make ocean

disposal not only acceptable but desirable in thefuture, At MIT two important technical areasrelated to wastewater management have beenstudied. The first part of this report discussesresearch in the use of enzymes to precipitatephenols and related chemicals from industrialwastewater. The second section describesdevelopments in the electron irradiation processfor treating municipal wastewaters. Finally, adiscussion of new trends in financing water andwastewater projects in light of decreasing federalsubsidies and strict regulation is presented.

Marine Industry Collegium. WAVE AND ICEIMPACT LOADING AND RESPONSE OFOCEAN STRUCTURES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF¹39, MITSG 85-20. NTIS: PB86-156494/XAB.21pp. $4.

The report summarizes several MIT researchprojects on environmental damage to ships andoffshore structures, including: deepwaterwavebreaking forces on ocean structures; localresponse of marine structures to hydrodynamicimpact loads; slow drift motion of oceanstructures; and selection of strengthening criteriafor navigation in ice.

Marine Industry Collegium. WAVE POWERSYSTEM~PPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹15. MITSG79-16. NTIS: PB299451/AS. $4.

51

EDUCATION

Fisheries Education

Hall-Arber, Madeleine. SURVEY OFMASSACHUSETTS FISHERIES PROGRAM.MITSG 83-26, 34pp. No charge.

In an effort to better fulfill the needs of thecommercial fishing industry, MIT Sea Grant andthe Massachusetts Maritime Academy MMA!began a commercial fisheries training program in1976. This survey documents the financialbenefits of the program as estimated by theparticipants. The value of the training courses issummarized in the areas of employment,equipment construction, use, and repair!, andsafety. A note on the methodology of the surveyis given by the author,

52

Lectures and Seminars

53

Sea Grant Lecture and Seminar Series

BOUNTIFUL GRANTS OF THE SEA � proceedings ofthe annual MIT Sea Grant College ProgramLecture �st: 1972: Cambridge, MA!, ByAthelstan Spilhaus. MITSG 73-1. NTIS; COM-73-10052. Order from NTIS.

WORLD ENERGY AND THE OCEANS � proceedingsof the annual MIT Sea Grant College ProgramLecture �nd; 1973: Cambridge, MA!. By WilliamF Shoupp, John W. Devanney 111, and DonaldR.F. Harl eman. MITSG 74-7. NTIS; COM-74-10197. Order from NTIS.

THE OCEANS � PLANETARY ENGINEERING ANDINTERNATIONAL MANAGKMENT�proceedings of the annual MIT Sea Grant CollegeProgram Lecture �rd: 1974: Cambridge, MA!. ByRobert A. Frosch, Judith T, Kildow, and RichardR, Baxter. MITSG 75-3. NTIS: COM-75-10086/AS. No charge.

THE SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS,AND POLITICS OF OCEAN HARD MINERALDEVELOPMENT � proceedings of the annual MITSea Grant Coliege Program Lecture �th: 1975:Cambridge, MA! By Roger B. Burns, Martin A.Dubs, Ira Dyer, John E. Flipse, Leigh S. Ratiner,and Seqpo M. Thompson-Flores, MING 76-1.NTIS: PB-253 548. Order from NTIS.

THE UNITED STATES AND THE OCEANS�OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDEPENDENCE�proceedings of the annual MIT Sea Grant CollegeProgram Lecture �th: 1976: Cambridge, MA!. ByAlfred A,H, Keil, J. Herbert Holloman, George F.Mechlin, and Marvin Pitkin. MITSG 77-1. NTIS:PB-261 991/AS. Order from ÃI'IS.

THE SEAS AND THE WATERWAYS � THE NEWFRONTIER � proceedings of the annual MIT SeaGrant College Program Lecture �th: 1977:Cambridge, MA!. Presented by Yvonne B. Burkeand Panelists Paul E. Atkinson, A. DouglasCarmichael, Irling D. Naess, and John P.Sheffey. MITSG 78-1. NTIS: PB277-765/AS.36pp. Order from NTIS.

At the sixth annual Sea Grant Lecture andSymposium, California Congresswoman YvonneB. Burke discussed the consequences of passage ofthe now ratified Panama Canal Treaty, withspecial emphasis on issues of ship registry,tanker safety, and international shipping rights.

The Congresswoman also discussed oil tankersafety in light of the high incidence of oil spillsin recent years, and the importance of maritimestrength to the security and eminence of theUnited States. Symposium panelists responded toMrs. Burke's remarks with their own views on

waterways management issues and opportunitiesfor international cooperation using the seas.

OIL POLLUTION OF THE OCEANS � A TANKEROWNER'S PERSPECTIVE � proceedings of theannual MIT Sea Grant College Program Lecture�th: 1978: Cambridge, MA!. By Irling D. Naessand Panelists William M. Benkert, James ACole, Jr., Jerome H. Milgram, and Evelyn F.Murphy. ME 79-1. NTIS PB297-771/AS. Nocharge.

GEORGES BANK � FISH AND FUEL � proceedingsof the annual Sea Grant College Program Lecture 9th: 1980: Cambridge, MA!. By Ronald C.Lassiter, Morris A. Adelman, Douglas I. Foy,Paul M. Jacobs, and Don F Kash. ~ 81-1.36pp. No charge,

Ronald C. Lassiter, president of ZapataCorporation, examined objections to oil drillingon Georges Bank at the ninth annual Sea GrantLecture and Symposium. Panelists debating howthe petroleum and fishing industries mightresolve their differences included Morris A.Adelman, Professor of Economics, MIT; Douglas I.Foy, Executive Director, Conservation LawFoundation; Paul M. Jacobs, Managing Partner,Basic Development Services; and Don E. Kash,Chief, Conservation Division, U.S. GeologicalSurvey.

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MARINE SCIENCES�proceedings of the annual MIT Sea Grant CollegeProgram Lecture and Seminar �st: 1982:Cambridge, MA!. Edited by Rita R. Colwell,Ernst R. Pariser, Anthony J. Sinskey. ~ 82-25. Available through John Wiley k Sons, address at front of directory!.

The March 19S2 MIT Sea Grant lecture andseminar, Biotechnology in the Marine Sciences,responded to increasing interest in theapplication of biotechnology to solve marineproblems and create new opportunities for using

marine resources. The lecture and selectedseminar papers are published in theseproceedings. Seminar papers cover four main

topics: biotechnology in aquaculture, marinepharmaceuticals and bioproducts, marinebiofouling, and marine pollution contral. Thelecture was presented by Rita R. Colwell, a notedmarine microbiologist from the University ofMaryland.

PUBLIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THEOCEAN CHOICE: proceedings of the annual MITSea Grant Lecture Seminar Series �th: 1985:Cambridge, MA!. Keith D. Stolzenbach, JudithT. Kildow, and Elizabeth T. Harding, editors.MITSG 85M. 280pp. $15.

ARCTIC TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY � ANASSESSMENT AND REVIEW FOR THE NEXTDECADE � proceedings of the annual MIT SeaGrant College Program Lecture and Seminar �d:1983: Cambridge, MA! and the third annualRobert Bruce Wallace Lecture, Department ofOcean Engineering. Edited by ira Dyer and C.Chryssostomidis. MITSG 83-1. NTIS: PB84-154-806. 290pp. Available from HemispherePublishing Corp., address at front of directory!.

Recently, petroleum has been discovered in theArctic, and explorafion by oil companies hasalready begun. Experts believe that the Arctic'sresources will ane day rival those of the PersianGulf. As a result, nations bordering the Arctichave intensified their efforts to resolve nationaland international policy questions, to developnew technologies, and to understand thecharacteristics of the ice and other elements ofthe environment that make working in the regioncostly and dangerous. Papers were presented onthree main topics � Arctic Policy, ArcticTechnology, and Arctic Science and Engineering.

BIOTECHNOLOGY OF MARINEPOLYSACCHARIDES � proceedings of theannual Sea Grant College Program Lectue andSeminar �rd: 1984' .Cambridge, MA!. Rita R.Colwell, Emst IL Pariser, and Anthony J.Sinskey, MITSG 84-1. 559pp. $40. Availablethrough Hemisphere Publishing Corp., addressat front of directory!.

Among the chemicals that have recently showngreat promise in biotechnological processes arethe polysaccharides, These are biopolymers thatinclude cellulose, chitin, and a host of othercompounds which represent the most abundantnaturally renewable resource of organicchemicals, This book contains a collection ofpapers dealing with the occurrence, nature,function, production and use of marinepolysaccharides. The papers were originallydeveloped For presentation at the April 1984 MITSea Grant Lecture/Seminar an the Biotechnologyof Marine Palysaccharides,Essays include the significance ofpalysaccharides in biofouling, drag reduction,enhanced ail recovery and pharmaceuticals.

Although extensive documentation indicatesthat the oceans can assimilate large volumes ofsewage, sludge and dredge spoils, there is alsoevidence that in a few cases environmentalthresholds have been reached. Today, the publicdemands greater assurance that the oceans andcoastal waters are not seriously degraded byfuture waste disposal.

This volume examines these issues and placesocean disposal within the context of other wastemanagement options. Experience and planning inPhiladelphia, Chicago and New York illustratethe technical, economic and institutional aspectsthat communities face in disposing of toxicwastes.

OMEGA-3 FATIY ACIDS IN HEALTH ANDDISEASE-proceedings of the annual Sea GrantCollege Program Lecture and Seminar �th: l987:Cambridge, MA!. Robert S. Lees and MarcusKarel, editors. MITSG 89-2, 240pp. $99.75.

An increasing body of data suggests that fish oil,in particular the omega-3 fatty acids found infish oil, have beneficial effects on humanhealth. This volume covers the proceedings ofthe 6th annual Sea Grant Lecture/Seminar heldin 1987. It is divided into two sectians, the first ofwhich discusses several major aspects of therelationship between fish oil and human health,including the effects of fish oil on disease and oncellular and metabolic processes. Contributors tothe second section discuss the technology,economics, and legal aspects of publicconsumption of omega-3 fatty acids.

AUTOMATION IN THE DESIGN OF LARGEMARINE SYSTEM&proceedings of the annualSea Grant College Program Lecture and Seminar�th: l988: Cambridge, MA!, Chryssostomidis, C,,editor. MlTSG 89-1. 298pp. $50. Published byHemisphere Publishing Co., address at front ofdirectory!.

This volume covers the proceedings of aconference held at MIT in 1988. The conferenceprovided a forum for the coherent examinationand exchange of ideas on aspects of automation inthe design and manufacture of complex systemsimportant in heavy industries. Subjects covered

involved aspects of sculptured shaperepresentation and interrogation in a computerenvironment, automated analysis, proceduralmodeling of objects for design and fabrication,tolerances, forming of metal shells, and adaptivecontrols. Also discussed were issues of design andfabrication of composite materials,

NASA BUT NOT NOAA? FUNDING FOR OCEANRESEARCH IN THE 1990s � proceedings of theannual Sea Grant College Program Lecture �7th:1989: Cambridge, MA!. By Lowell Weicker.MITSG 90-2, 12pp. No charge.

Throughout the Reagan Administration, fundingfor marine research suffered erosion. In this 17thannual Sea Grant Lecture, former Sen. LowellWeicker of Connecticut says that while spaceexploration was championed by NASA, oceanresearch lacks a constituency ready tocommunicate the priority of oceans to Congress.Among other examples, Weicker notes the failureof the marine research community to capitalizeon anti-pollution sentiment in wake of recentbeach foulings. Weicker say the researchcommunity must take the initiative for pushingfunding with individual effort and strongcommunication.

Robert Bruce Wallace Lectures

THE ALEXANDER L. KIELLAND ACCIDENT�proceedings from the Robert Bruce WallaceLecture �st: 1981; Cambridge, MA!, Presented byTorgeir Moan. MITSG 81-8. NTIS PB82-160-987.20pp, Order from NTIS.

The collapse of the oil rig, Alexander L.Kielland, in the North Sea March 27, 1980, is thelargest offshore platform accident to date. Theproceedings fmm this lecture present the findingsof a commission appointed by the Norwegiangovernment to investigate the accident. Thereport gives a detailed account of the accidentand its causes and a description of the evaluationand rescue operation. The Commission'sevaluations of the structural integrity,fioatability, and stability of the platform and ofthe evacuation and rescue operation are detailed,along with its recommendations for improvingthe safety of offshore structures.

ENGINEERING EDUCATION � A NATIONALAGENDA � proceedings from the Robert BruceWallace Lecture 8th: 1989: Cambridge, MA!. ByGerald L. Wilson. MITSG 89-9. 17pp. No charge.

Many analysts say American manufacturing is incrisis because it is failing to produceinternationally competitive products and becausethe public is increasingly wary of the socialimpact of science and technology. In this 8thannual Robert Bruce Wallace lecture, MIT Deanof Engineering Gerald L. Wilson places much ofthe responsibility for both problems on poorengineering and the way engineers are educated.Education should emphasize the synthesis ofideas, not just analysis; laboratories shouldnurture design and building skills, but notdistance students from common+enseunderstanding. In addiflon, he says, engineersneed to learn how their products affect society atlarge. In this publication, Wilson proposes a"new agenda" for engineering education anddescribes two MIT programs that address theissues he raises.

Other Lectures

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ON TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATEBLOOMS. Massachusetts Science and TechnologyFoundation and the MIT Sea Grant Program.MITSG 75-8. Order from NTIS.

STRENGTHENING OCEAN ENGINEERING INTHE SEA GRANT PROGRAM. Presented byAlfred A.H. KeiL MITSG 79-3. NTIS: PB298-338/AS, No charge

COASTAL ZONE AND CONTPKNTAL SHELFCONFUCT RESOLUTION � IMPROVINGOCEAN USE AND RESOURCE DISPUTEMANAGEMENT. Nyhart, J.D., editor.Proceedings 0984: MIT: Cambridge, MA!. MITSG85-28, NTIS: PB86-173283/XAB. 159pp. $15.

With advancing technology opening up greateropportunities for using the oceans, conflicts arearising over such differing uses as oil drilling andfishing or sewage disposal and recreation.Traditionally, remedies for such conflicts havebeen sought in the courts, but this route is costlyboth in terms of time and money, and often resultsin outcomes unsatisfactory to at least one of theparties. In response, non-adjudicatory processeshave sprung up, including mediation andfacilitation to settle cases out of court. An MITSea Grant conference focused on these alternativemethods of dispute resolution as they applied toconflicts in the coastal zone and outer continentalshelf. Papers presented at the conference arepublished in these proceedings.

Engineering EducationCarmichael, A. Douglas. OCEAN ENGINEERING

POWER SYSTEMS. MITSG 74-15. Out of print.

Carmichael, A. Douglas., and David B. Wyman.OCEAN ENGINEERING SUMMERLABORATORY 1973 � MASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MAINEMARITIME ACADEMY, MITSG 74-12. NTIS:COM-74-10963/AS. Order from NTIS.

Carmichael, A. Douglas., and David B. Wyman.OCEAN ENGINEERING SUMMERLABORATORY 1974 � MASSACHUSEITSINSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MAINEMARITIME ACADEMY. MITSG 75-12. NTIS:COM-75-'l0888/AS. $5.

Carmichael, A. Douglas, and David B. Wyman,OCEAN ENGINEERING SUMMERLABORATORY, 1975. MITSG 76-3, NTIS: PB-256095/AS. $3.

Carmichael, A. Douglas, Keatinge Keays, andDonald A. Small. OCEAN ENGINEERINGSUMMER LABORATORY, 1976. MITSG 77-22,NTIS: PB-277 260/AS. $4.

Craven, John P., John R. Mittleman, T. Gray Curtis,and James M. Patell. OCEAN ENGINEERINGSYSTEMS. MITSG 71-6. Out of print.

Cummings, Damon E, and David B. Wyman. CLEANENGINEERING SUMMER LABORATORY, 1971.MITSG 72-3. NTIS: COM-72-10327. Order fromNTIS.

Keays, Keatinge, et al. THE SEARCH FORDEFENCE AND OTHER OCEANENGINEERING PROJECTS. MITSG 72-20. NTIS:COM-73-10622. Order from NTIS.

Keil, Alfred A.H. STATUS OF ENGINEERING INTHE OCEAN ENVIRONMENT TODAY. ME74-6. NTIS: COM-74-10142. Order from NTIS.

56

GUIDES AND DIRECTORIES

57

CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO SOURCES FOR MARINEAND COASTAL INFORMATION INMASSACHUSETTS. Fifth revised editioncompiled and edited by Madeleine Hall-Arberand Karen Hartley. MITSG %kk 179pp. $5,Previous editions 866 aitd 77-13 may beordered from NTIS.

The 1990 edition lists more than 175

Massachusetts agencies, information centers, andorganizations concerned with coastal affairs,Each entry includes office hours, address, andtelephone numbers, as well as a brief descriptionof the objectives, specialties and services of eachorganization. A subject index provides easyreference by area of interest.

DIRECTORY OF MIT SEA GRANT COLLEGEPROGRAM PUBLICATION. Vol, 3, 1971-1990MITSG 90-12. No charge. Compiled by HilaiyThornton. Voh 1, 1971-1977 ~ 78-6 out ofprint!. Vol. 2, 1978-1986 MITSG 86-11 out ofprint!

Since 1971 MlT Sea Grant has issued a variety ofpublications on marine-related research and theuse of ocean resources. These reports, abstracted inthese directories, cover the entire range of SeaGrant research-coastal processes, coastal zonemanagement, ocean mining, alternative energysources, fisheries, marine biology andbiotechnology, pollution and ocean engineering,including offshore structures and underwatervehicles. Author, subject/title and numericalindexes are included,

MARINE-REI.ATED RESEARCH AT MIT 1990-1991.Compiled by John Moore, Jr. and Karen Hartley.MITSG 90-13. Earlier editions 1978-1988 MITSG74-22 Order from NTIS!, 75-14 Order fromNTIS!, 76-13, 77-12 Order from NTIS!, 78-9, 79-6, 80-10, 81-11, 82-14, 83-31, 85-31, 86-10, 88-2! arealso available. No charge.

Interested in finding out what current marine-related research is going on at MIT? Each yearSea Grant issues this directory to describe thefull range of marine-related studies at theInstitute. Projects from the departments of CivilEngineering; Earth, Atmospheric, and PlanetarySciences; Ocean Engineering; MechanicalEngineering; and Electrical Engineering andComputer Science are covered. Topics includestudies on pollution, oceanography, oceanengineering, ship design and operation, shipping

and transportation, and marine education. Shortdescriptions pinpoint major research objectivesand list the names of the principal investigators.Indexes are by subject area and principalinvestigator. The directory of Marine-RelatedResearch at MJT is a valuable guide for anyoneinterested in keeping up-to-date on the latestresearch in marine-related disciplines.

MIT SEA GRANT THESES UST 1980-1983. ME 83-8, 30pp. No charge.

The MlT Sea Grant Information Center has madeavailable a list of theses and reports fromUndergraduate Research Opportunities Program UROP! projects sponsored in l980-83. The papersare organized in the same subject categories asthe program's two research report directories MITSG 84-16 and MITSG 78-6!. Each citationlists the thesis title, author, supervising faculty,and MIT department.

SEA GRANT PUBLICATIONS FOR THE FISHINGINDUSTRY. Edited by Lynne M. Newman.MITSG 82-20. Revised 1984, NTIS.' PB83-151-886.119pp. No charge.

This directory is a compilation of publicationsthat have been written and produced fromthroughout the Sea Grant network for the fishingindustry. The topics are organized under fivemajor headings: fish harvesting; fishing vesseldesign and operation; fish handling,preservation, and processing; fishing economicsand management; fish ecology and aquaculture.Prices and ordering information are included.

NEWSLETTERS & BROCHURESMlT SEA GRANT QUARTERLY REPORT. Carolyn

Levi, editor.

Each issue of the Quarterly Report includes threeto four short articles on current MIT Sea Grantprojects, as well as abstracts of new researchreports, No charge. Directories for the contents ofall issues are available.

CURRENT AFFAIRS. Carolyn Levi, editor,

This two-page publication features brief, non-technical stories covering recent advances in MITSea Grant research, advisory and educationactivities, Published twice yearly.

MIT SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAMBROCHURE. Out of print.

This brochure briefly describes MIT Sea Grant' scurrent focus and lists those research projectfunded during the 1985-86 cycle. A summary ofprogram services and the names and phonenumbers of people responsible for them have beenincluded. No charge.

Advisory Reports and Factsheets

CHOLESTEROL IN FINFISH � MARINE ANDCOASTAL FACTS. Factsheet ¹3. No charge,

A COASTAL HAZARD � SALTWATERINTRUSION � MARINE AND COASTALFACTS. Factsheet. By Bronwyn L Davies.Cooperative Extension Service, University ofMassachusetts and Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology Sea Grant College Program. 1981.4pp. No charge.

This factsheet describes saltwater intrusion andthe threat it poses to coastal communities, inparticular, Cape Cod. Suggestions for mitigatingthe problem are given.

ESTABLISHING NEW SALT MARSHES � MARINEAND COASTAL FACTS. Factsheet ¹7. ByArnold C. Lane. Cooperative Extension Service,University of Massachusetts and MassachusettsInstitute of Technology Sea Coflege GrantProgram, '1979. No charge.

LANDSCAPING THE SEASHORE COTI'AGE-MARINE AND COASTAL FACTS. Factsheet ¹4,By Ralph H. Goodno. Cooperative Extension

Service, University of Massachusetts andMassachusetts Institute of Technology Sea GrantCollege Program. 1978. No charge.

LOW COST SHORELINE PROTECTION INMASSACHUSETTS. By Andrew L. Gutman.MITSG 79-19J. NTIS: PB80-112-923. 1979, 13pp,Rept'inted from the Proceatirtgs of tire SpecialtyConference ott Coastal Structures '79, ASCE,Alexandria VA. No charge.

MARPOL ANNEX V: NO MORE DUMPINGPLASTICS IN THE OCEAN. Brochure. MITSG89-11. 2pp. No charge.

NEW ENGLAND RED TIDE � MARINE ANDCOASTAL FACTS. Factsheet ¹6. By LizaWilliams. Cooperative Extension Service,University of Massachusetts and MassachusettsInstitute of Technology Sea Grant CollegeProgram. 1979. No charge.

THE SPINY DOGFISH SHARK, A SEAFOODSPECIALTY � MARINE AND COASTALFACTS. Factsheet ¹7. By Anna M. Warrock.Cooperative Extension Service, University ofMassachusetts and Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology Sea Grant College Program. 1981.4pp. No charge.

Some commercial fishermen, searching for newspecies of fish to bring onto the market, havebegun to catch and sell the dogfish shark in theUnited States and abroad. The fish is anexcellent source of protein and the fillets arewhite and flaky when cooked and free of smallbones, This factsheet compares the dogfishnutritionally to other popular seafoods anddescribes how to dress and cook it.

STABILIZATION OF BARRIER DUNES BYVEGETATION � MARINE AND COASTALFACTS. Factsheet ¹2. No charge.

SURVIVAL IN COLD WATER � MARINE ANDCOASTAL FACTS. Factsheet ¹1. No charge.

THEFT-PROOFING BOAT~MARINE ANDCOASTAL FACTS. Factsheet ¹5. CooperativeExtension Service. University of Massachusettsand Massachusetts Institute of Technology SeaGrant College Program. 1978, No charge.

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

MIT Sea Grant Program issues annual reports thatdescribe the Program's projects and achievementsduring the completed fiscal year. The reports, inaddition to describing each project and its results,include budget tables and sources of matchingfunds.

A REPORT ON THE MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY SEA GRANT COLLEGEPROGRAM � I JULY 1978 to 30 JUNE 1979.MITSG 80-2, NTIS; PB80-183-718. 48pp. Nocharge.

ANNUAL REPORT � I JULY 1973 TO 30 JUNE1974. MITSG 75-4, NTIS: COM-75-10269/AS.Order from NTIS.

ANNUAL REPORT � 'l JULY 1974 TO30 JUNE1975. MITSG 76-2. Out of print.

ANNUAL REPORT � I JULY 1975 TO 30 JUNE'l976. MITSG 77-2, NTIS: PB-264 262/AS. Orderfrom NTIS,

~AL REPORT � I JULY 1976 TO 30 JUNE1977. MlTSG 78-2. Out of print.

ANNUAL REPORT � I JULY 1977 TO 30 JUNE1978. MITSG 79-2. NTIS: PB80-294-582. Orderfrom NTIS,

ANNUAL REPORT � I JULY 1978 TO 30 JUNE1979. MITSG 80-2. NTIS: PB80-183-718. Nocharge.

MIT SEA GRANT � TEN YEARS OF OCEANDEVELOPMENT. A REPORT ON THEMASSACHUSETTS INSTlTUTE OFTECHNOLOGY SEA C RANT COI.LEGEPROGRAM 1970-1980. MITSG 80-15. 80pp, Nocharge.

MIT SEA GRANT � HELPING TO MANAGE ANATION'S INVESTMENT. A REPORT ON THEMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY SEA GRANT COLLEGEPROGRAM 1981-1984. ~ 84-18. 40pp. Nocharge,

TRIENNIAL REPORT OF THE MIT SEA GRANTCOLLEGE PROGRAM. Karen Hartley, editor.MITSG 90-1. NTIS: PB90 183187/AS, 30pp. Nocharge.

The Triennial Report is a comprehensive look atthe MIT Sea Grant College Program and itsactivities over the past three years. The reportincludes overviews of the research theme areas�automation in the manufacture of marine systems,coastal processes, marine biotechnology, oceanengineering, technology development andunmanned underwater systems. Each theme areaincludes a capsule description of sample researchprograms. Administrative, advisory andeducational services, program budgets and staffand committee listings are also included.

Author Index 1971-1990

Acomb, Glenn 8Adams, Eric E. 22, 23Adelman, Morris A. 53Allen, Ben 12Amzallag, A.M. 32Anderson, Donald M. 1.6, 17Antrim, Lance 9Ashe,Glenn 8Atkinson, Paul E. 53Averbach, Benjamin L. 17Averback, James M. 9Azzouz, Amr S. 37-39Backer, Stanley 25, 27Baecher, Gregory B. 38Baggeroer, Arthur B. 28, 29Baglione, J. 14Baird, Andrew V. 22Bakis,G, 18Bakr, Mohammed A. 9Baligh, Mohsen M. 37-39Barrington, Kathy 8Barton, Donald S, 27Barzana, Eduardo 17, 18Baxter, Richard R. 53Beard sley, Robert C. 6Beaton, Robert 29Bellingham, James G. 25, 26, 29Benkert, William M. 53Berk, Zeki 15,18Bers, A, 33Bishop, William O. 26, 27Blair, W.R. 2IBliek, Antoine 37Biumberg, Robert 8Bock, Susan L. 19Bodmer-Turner, Sandy 8Briggs, Douglas A, 4Brinckman, F, E. 21Brooks, Thurston L. 29Brown, Alan J. 11, 28Brown, Francesca D. 8Brown, Russell T. 28Burgess, Jim 37Burke, Roger W. 6Burke, Yvonne B. 53Burns, Roger B. 53Campbell, Brad 21Capstaff, Arthur E, 9Catipovic, J.A. 29Ceder, Avishai 22Carmichael, A. Douglas 10, 29, 53, 56Chan, E.S. 39Chan, Mark 38Chen, H,S, 4Chen, Rang 15Chirlin, Gary R. 22Chisholm, Sallie W. 16, 17Christodoulou, George C. 4,6Chryssostomidis, C, 33-36, 39, 4I, 54Chryssostomidis, Marjorie 34Clifton, Arthur B, 11,13Cohen, R.E. 26Cole, James A�Jr. 53

Col well, Rita R. 53, 54Connor, Jerome J. 4,6Coney, William B. 29Cook, Jerry E. 43Cooney, J,J. 21Cooper, Cortis 22Craven, John P. 56Currunings, Damon E. 56Curtis, Fred 8Curtis, T. Gray 56Dailey, James E. 4Davies, Bronwyn L. 58Day, Robert W. 11De Oliveira, Joao G. 39, 40Demchick, Robert P. 26, 27Derbes, Edgardo R. 8Devanney, John W. 8,9,11,21, 23, 43, 53

Dimas, Athanasios 33Ditmars,JohnD. 6Doeliing, Norman A. 29, 44Dommeruth, Douglas G. 4Donnelly, R.G. 26Doret, Stephen C, 4Dorman, Craig E. 25Dubs, Martin A. 53Ducsik, Dennis W, 8,9Dwyer, Robert L. 9Dyer, Ira 53,54Engeiienner, Thomas 8Ezekiel, Shaoul 16Faulkner, Douglas. 26Fay,James A. 10Fazal, Riyaz A. 21Felenchak, B.R. 28Fifield, Jayne L. 7Fisher, John S. 6Flink, James M, 18Ripse,John E, 53Foy, Douglas I. 53Frankel, Ernst G. 43Frankel, Sheila M. 4Frosch, Robert A. 53Geisler, Yolanda 'IIGermaine, John T. 25, 39Gibbs, Stephen R. 43Giiiia, Michael A. 9Goetz, Michael J. 8Goldblith, Samuel A, 18Goodno, Ralph H. 58Goudey, Clifford A, 11-13, 29, 33, 34Goweil, Elizabeth T. 29Graber, Hans C. 5Graham, C. 41Greer, Matthew N. 5Gschwend, Philip M. 23, 24Guillard, R.R.L. 16Gulezian, Gary 8Gustin, H.L. 28Gutman, AndrewL. 8,58Halkyard, John E, 32Hall-Arber, Madeleine 52, 57Harding, Elizabeth T. 29, 54

Harichandran, Ronald S. 35Harleman, Donald R,F. 4, 6, 53Hartley, Karen 57,59Hattis, Dale B. 17Heliotis, Angelos D. 13Hemond, Harold F. 7Hoff, William B. 14Holberger, Craig A. '13Holloman, J. Herbert 53Horn, Dean A. 21,44Houten, Robert J. 22Hover, Franz 32Hsu,P. 25Huguenin, John E, 19Hultin, Herbert O. 15Hutton,John. 9Iascone, Richard N. 37Im,Jang-hi 27Ingra, Thomas S, 38Ippen, Arthur T. 4,6Irvine, H. Max 35Jacobs, Paul M. 53Jessup, Stewart D. 29Joglekar, Nitindra R. 4Kahan, Leslie N. 18Kalikstein, Paul H, 14Kaminski, Charles 8Karalekas, Diane 18Karel, Marcus 17,18, 54Karniadakis, G, 32Karpen, Joseph 6Kash, Don E. 53Kashihara, Reiichiro 27Katz, Arthur M. 9Kazerooni, Homayoon 30Keays, Keatinge 23, 56Keil, Al &ed A.H. 53, 55, 56Kellen, Andrew D. 13Keller, Glenn 29Kenney, M.C. 26, 27Kerfoot, William B, 16Kern, Edward 21Kettani, M. Ali 9Kienzle-Sterzer, Carlos A. 18Kiidow, Judith T. 8, 19, 43,53,54Kiibanov, Alexander M, 17,18,23Klimowski, Robert J. 27Klock, R. 21Koelsch, D.E. 29Kohler, Alison D. 9Kolf, Richard C. 23Kondratowicz, Ludwik J. 21Korakianitis, Theodosios P. 13, 14Kossik, Richard F. 23Kramer, Deborah 8Kriezis, George A. 36, 41Kronick, A.T. 21Kupfer, K. 33Ladd, Charles C, 25, 37-39Ladd, G.M. 21Lahman, Howard S., Jr.Landsberger, Samuel E. 30Lane, Arnold C. 58

53,39

33, 3629, 32,

ti 6

27

22, 53

6, 25,30

17

Langer, Robert S. 19Lassiter, Joseph B. 9Lassiter, Ronald C, 53Laurence, O. 21Lee, Anne 19Lee, Eddie 11Lee, Lep S. 38Lee, Thomas 38Lees, Robert S. 19, 54Leimkuhler, William F. 4Lentowski, James F. 8Leshaw, Dale 9Levadoux, Jaques-Noel 38Levi, Carolyn 30,58Linskey, Margaret M. 13Livanos, Vassilios 23Lombardi, Donald P. 19Loutrel, Stephen P. 13, 14Lozow, Jeffrey B. 11MacVicar, M.L.A. 25, 26Madsen, Ole S. 4-6, 22Mahnken, G. 11Makkar, N.S. 21Malek, Azziz M. 39Mandell,John F. 26,27Manohar-Maharaj, VeshpaMant, Robert S. 13Marcus, HenryS, 11,43Marr, W. Allen 39Marshall, James G. 40Martin, R.T. 38Masubuchi, Koichi 27, 28Maser, Kenneth R. 27Mavrikios, Yianni 40McGarry, Frederick J. 26,McKnight, D.M. 17McPherson, Roy N 8Mechlin, George F. 53Mei, Chiang C. 4,10,40Meier, Urs 27Melville, W.K. 39, 40Menjivar, Juan A. 15Merrill, Edward W. 23Meyers, M. 41Milgrain, Jerome H. 6,21,Mitome, Shuhei 40Mittleman, John R. 56Moan, Torgeir 55Mollo-Christensen, Erik L.Moore, Arnold 28Moore, John,Jr. 57Moore, Stephen F. 9,22Morel, Francois M.M. 16,Morel, N.M.L. 17Morey, Kenneth A. 30Morrison, M.J. 38Murphy, Evelyn 53Murray, Albert 17Muzzarelli, R.A.A. 19Myers, Edward P. 23Mynett, Arthur E. 10Naess, Irling D. 53Nagem, R,J. 28Newhouse, Lina 8Newman, Lynne M. 57Nisenoff, M. 25,26Noblesse, Francis 33Nucci, Louis A. 38

Nyhart,J.D. 9,22,55Odahara, Tetsuichi 31Offshore Oil Task Group 9Oliveira, Joao G. de 39Oison, G.J. 21Ostendorf, David W. 5, 6Owens, L.D., Jr. 14Ozaki, Hironori 28Padelford, Norman J. 43Pagenkopf, James R, 4,6Papazoglou, V.J. 27, 28Pariser, Ernst R. 11,15,18,19,53,54Parker, Bruce 3, 6Parkhurst, Beth 8Passero, Barbara 8,11Patell,James M. 15,23,56Paterson, Kathryn E. 11Patrikalakis, Nicholas M. 34-36,39, 41, 42

Pierce, Brian R. 4,6Pitkin, Marvin 53Pollack, Andrew M. 22Poole, P.K. 14Poon, Ying-Keung 5Powers, Robert J. 9Prakash, P.V. 41, 42Prasad, Subodh 28Pmtopapa, S. 21Psaraftis, Harilaos N. 21, 22Puccia, Charles J. 22Quinlan, Alician V. '16, 17Ratiner, Leigh S. 53Ree, Thecla 11Reyman, Andrea S. 5Rha, ChoKyun 15, 18, 20Robbins, Phillips W, 22Rodriguez-Sanchez, Dolores 18, 20Rome, L.de 21Rosenbaum, Lisa T. 8Rosengaus, Michael M. 5Royer, Thierry 31Rueter, J.G. 16Sa'da Costa, Antonio 6Sauls, D.P. 25Schloerb, D.W. 28Schneider, C.W. 17Schneiter, John L. 31Schrader, Bradley P, 22Scale, Mary Jane 8Searson, P.C. 26Seifert, William W. 8, 9Seo, M, 25Serman, Demetrio D. 10Shah, Dineshchandra 23Shdfey,John P, 53Sheridan, Thomas B. 29-31Shin, Hyunkyoung 37Shoupp, William E. 53Shum, K.T. 40Shupe, Landy 29Simpson, Harry W, 11Sinskey, Anthony J. 23,53,54Smachlo, Mark A. 10Small, Donald A. 56Snyder, Paul G. 27Soden, James E. 9Sofyanos, Thomas N, 31Sommer, Steven 23

Spilhaus, Athelstan 53Stewart, Robert J. 22Stewart, W. Kenneth 31, 32Stolzenbach, Keith D. 6, 22,Suh, Myung Sung 40Suomala, John B. 11Sutro, Louis L. 14Swallow, K.C. 17Taniguchi, Jan 8Tharakan, Geverghese G, 22Thatcher, M. Llewellyn 6Thompson-Flores, Sergio M.Thornton, Hilary 57Tiffney, Wesley N. 8Tong, Sun-de 18Townley, James R. 11Triantafyllou, George S. 32,Triantafyllou, Michael S. 9,

36, 37Trump, John G. 22, 23Tsai, Chon-Liang 28Vrzua, Alfredo M. 39Van Houten, Robert J. 22Van Den Bosch, K. 17Vandiver, J, Kim 40Vanmarcke, Erik H. 37Venugopal, Madan 33, 34Vivatrat Vitoon 38Von Der Heydt, K. 29Vrakas, E, 34,35Wall, David 16Wall, John C. 14Wang, John D. 4,6Wang, Su-Su 27Wang Youjiang 27Warrock, Anna M, 58Watras, Carl J. 16,17Weaver, J.S. 25Wicker, Lowell 55Westfall, J.D. '17White, G. Gregory 16Whittle, Andrew J. 37Wiegand Judith 8Wieneke, John 8Wiernicki, C. 41Wierzbicki, Tomasz 40, 41Wilce, R.T. 17Williams, James H., Jr. 28Williams, Liza 58Wilson, David G. 13, 14Wilson, Gerald L. 55Wilson, John L. 6Wissa, Z.E. 38Wood, W. 8Worley, Wesley 8Wozny, Michael 42Wright, Kenneth A. 23Wu, Shian-Chee 24Wyman, David B. 56Xirouchakis, Paul C. 25Yeung, Ronald W. 23Yue, Dick K.P. 4Zaharadnik, John W. 11Zanca, Lawrence 28Ziogas, Babis0. 22

Subject and Title Index 1971-1990

ABSOLUTE INSTABIUTIES AND SELF-SUSTAINEDOSCILLATIONS IN THE WAKES OF CIRCULARCYLINDERS 33

Accidental collisions 40ACOUSTIC DATA AND UNCERTAINTY IN

GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATIONOFFSHORE 38

ACOUSTIC TELEMETRY � AN OVERVIEW 28Acoustics 7, 11, 29, 32, 39, 45, 48, 50Addresses of publishing companies 2ADVANCES IN UNDERWATER WELDING�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹4 45

Air-sea boundary layer 25Alaska,Gulfof 9,22Alewife fisheries 11ALEXANDER L. KIELLAND ACCIDENT�PROCEEDINGS FROM THE FIRST ROBERT BRUCEWALLACE LECTURE 55

Algae biomass energy 46Algae control 16, 17, 54Algaeculture 8,15,45,49ALTERNATE EXPRESSIONS FOR THE GREEN

FUNCTION OF THE THEORY OF SHIP WAVERESISTANCE 33

Alternative energy sources 10, 46, 51Aluminum, corrosion 47ANALYSIS OF LONGSHORE CURRENTS AND

ASSOCIATED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN THE SURFZONE 6

ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURING PROCESSES OFLARGE ANCHOR CHAINS 27

ANALYSIS OF PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT FROMCYCLIC LOADING OF FOUNDATIONS 39

ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCALE STRENGTHTESTING OF ICE 27

Anchor chains 27Angiogenesis inhibitors 19ANNUAL REPORTS 1973-1979 59Anti-fouling 49Antrim, Lance 9APPLICATION OF ESTI1Vf ATION THEORY TO DESIGNOF SAMPLING PROGRAMS FOR VERIFICATION OFCOASTAL DISPERSION PREDICTIONS 4

APPLICATION OF HYDROACOUSTIC METHODS FORAQUATIC BIOMASS MEASUREMENTS 11

APPLICATIONS OF MARINE ACOUSTIC SYSTEMS�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹33 45

APPROXIMATE CONVERSION OF RATIONAL SPLINES41

Aquaculture 15, 19, 45, 46, 49, 53,56, 58Aquifers 6AQUE A CHEMICALLY DEFINED

PHYTOP LANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACEMETAL STUDIES 16

Arc welding 28Arctic 9,25,53ARCTIC TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY � ANASSESSMENT AND REVIEW FOR THE NEXT DECADE54

Argo merchant 22,45,49Artificial intelligence 30ASSAY OF THE MARINE RESOURCES OFMASSACHUSETTS BAY 9

ASSESSMENT OF UNDERSEA TELEOPERATORS 31Atlantic coast 8, 9, 11, 21, 22, 43AUTOMATION IN THE DESIGN OF LARGE MARINESYSTEMS 54

AUTOMATION OF DESIGN AND MANUFACTURINGIN HEAVY INDUSTRIES 42

AUTONOMOUS SUBMERSIBLE DESIGNED FORSOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 29

AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER SYSTEMS FOR SURVEYOPERATIONS 29

BACKSCATTER FROM SIDESCAN SONAR FORAUTONOMOUS CLASSIFICATION ANDNAVIGATION 31

Bacteria, marine 22Bayesian decision theory 43Bays 6Beaches 8, 60BEHAVIOR OF DELAMINATED COMPOSITECYLINDERS SUBJECT TO HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE40

BEHAVIOR OF STEEL OFFSHORE STRUCTURESUNDER ACCIDENTAL COLLISIONS 39

BEING PREPARED FOR FUTURE ARGO MERCHANTS22

Bibliographies 8, 11, 19, 28, 34, 58Biofouling 49Biomass 11,46Biotechnology 17, 18, 19, 20, 23, 45, 53BIOTECHNOLOGY AND THE SEA � RECENTADVANCES AND APPUCATIONS � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹43 45

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE MARINE SCIENCES 53BIOTECHNOLOGY OF MARINE POLYSACCHARIDES54

Boat hulls 26, 27, 28Boston Harbor 4, 8,23,43BOSTON HARBOR MANAGEMENT STUDY 8BOSTON SOUTH SHORE AREA � SOME PROBLEMS

AND CONFLICTS 8Boundary layers 5, 25BOUN'IIFUL GRANTS OF THE SEA 53Brayton-cycle engines 14Breakwaters 56BUILDING PUBLIC/PRIVATE COOPERATION IN THECOASTAL ZONE 8

Bulbous bows 13BUOY SYSTEM FOR AIR-SEA INTERACTlON STUDIES�

BUOY DESIGN AND OPERATION 25BUTYLTINS IN SEDIMENTS FROM BOSTON HARBOR,USA 21

CABLE DYNAMICS FOR TETHERED UNDERWATERVEHiCLES 32

Cables 12,32,35,36,37,46CAFE-1 � A TWO DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENTCIRCULATION MODEL 4

CALORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE ENZYMATICANALYSIS OF GASES � THE DETERMINATION OFETHANOL AND FORMALDEHYDE VAPORS 17

CAPACITY OF OFFSHORE FRICTION PILES IN CLAY�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹44 45

CapeCod 8CASE STUDIES OF THE MIT OIL SPILL MODEL�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹35 45

Catamarans 39Cathodic protection 47Center for Fisheries Engineering Research 12-14CHARACTERISTICS OF CONDENSER WATER

DISCHARGE ON THE SEA SURFACE 4CHARACTERISTICS OF SALTER'S CAM FOR

~CTING ENERGY FROM OCEAN WAVES 10CHITIN AND CHITIN DERIVATIVES � AND

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SELECTEDPUBLICATIONS FROM 1965 THROUGH 1971 19

CH1TIN AND CHITIN DERIVATIVES � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹1 45

CHITIN SOURCEBOOK � A GUIDE TO THE CHITINRESEARCH LITERATURE 19

Chitin/Chitosan 17-20, 45, 53CHITOSAN GLOBULES 20CHOLESTEROL IN FINFISH � MARINE AND COASTALFACTS 58

CITIZEN'S GUIDE TO SOURCES FOR MARINE ANDCOASTAL INFORMATION IN MASSACHUSETTS 57

Clay 37,39CLOSED-CYCLE AQUACULTURE � OPPORTUNITY

BRIEF ¹7 45COASTAL HAZARD � SALTWATER INTRUSION-MARlNE AND COASTAL FACTS 58

Coastal processes 5-7, 45, 47COASTAL ZONE AND CONTINENTAL SHELFCONFLICT RESOLUTION � IMPROVING OCEAN USEAND RESOURCE DISPUTE MANAGEMENT 55

Coastal zone management 8, 9, 21-23, 53-55, 62COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT � FOCUS ON NEW

ENGLAND 8Cockerell raft 51COMPLIANT RISER ANALYSIS 35Composites 40Compounds, aromatic 22COMPUTATION OF ALGEBRAIC AND POLYNOMIAL

PARAMETRIC SURFACE INTERSECTIONS 41Computer graphics 41COMPUTER MODELS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL

ENGINEERING AND RESEARCH IN HEAR-COASTALENVIRONMENTS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹8 46

COMPUTER SIMULATION AND CONTROL OFUNDERWATER VEHICLES 30

Computer-aided design 41, 42, 53COMPUTER-AIDED PRELIMINARY DESIGN OF

SHIPS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹13 45CONE PENETRATION AND ENGINEERING

PROPERTIES OF THE SOFT ORINOCO CLAY 37CONE PENETRATION TESTS OFFSHORE THE

VENEZUELAN COAST 38CONFERENCE PROCEEDING~EAR SELECTIVITY

AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL 11Continental shelf 9CONVERSION OF DECOMMISSIONED AIRCRAFT GASTURBINES TO HIGH-EFFICIENCY MARINE UNlTS 14

Copper 16COPPER SKNS1TIVITY OF GONYAUI.AX TAKVdKNSIS

16Corrosion 25, 26, 47COST MODEL OF DEKP OCEAN MINING AND

ASSOCIATED REGULATORY ISSUES 9Council on Environmental Quality 9, 22CRISIS SCIENCE � INVESTIGATIONS IN RESPONSE TO

THE ARGO MERCHANT OIL SPILL 22CURRENT AFFAIRS 58Decision-making 8, 21, 43DEEP OCEAN MINING � A COMPUTER MODEL FOR

INVESTIGATING COSTS, RATES OF RETURN, ANDECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF SOME POLICYOPTIONS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹12 46

DEEP THOUGHTS � ARTIFICIAL INTKLLIG ENCE INUNDERWATER VEHICLES 30

DEEPWATER BREAKING WAVE FORCES ON SURFACEPIERCING STRUCTURES 39

Deer Island wastewater treatment plant 46Defence shipwreck! 23, 56DENTING ANALYSIS OF TUBES UNDER COMBINED

LOADINGS 40DESIGN AGAINST COLLISION FOR OFFSHORESTRUCTURES 40

DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF ADIGITAL ACOUSTIC UNDERWATER TELEMETRYSYSTEM 29

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE USE OF ROPESAND CABLES IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT-OPPORTUNI'IY BRIEF ¹42 46

Design wave heights in the nearshore 47DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF APROTOTYPE MACHINE FOR PROCESSING SPINYDOGFISH SHARK 14

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, AND FIELD TRIALS OF ATOWED INSTRUMENTED GLIDER 30

DETECTION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS GENERATED BYELECIROCHEMICAL CORROSION 26

DETERMINATION OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERSIN THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY �970-1973! 4

Developing countries 11, 43DEVELOPMENT OF A SEMI-PELAGIC TRAWL FORSQUID AND BUTTERFISH 11

DEVELOPMENT OF FISHING TRA WL TESIlNGCAPABILITIES AT NSRDC 13

DEVELOPMENT OF FULLY AUTOMATED ANDINTEGRATED "INSTAMATIC" WELDING SYSTEMSFOR MARINE APPLICATIONS 28

DEVELOPMENT OF JOINING AND CUTTINGTECHNIQUES FOR DEEP-SEA APPLICATION 28

DEVELOPMENT OF NEW IMPROVED TECHNIQUESFOR UNDERWATER WELDING 28

Digital Acoustic Telemetry System 29, 45DILUTE SOLUTION BEHAVIOR OF A CATIONICPOLYELECTROLYTE 18

Dinoflagellates 16, 55DIRECTIONS FOR MlT RESEARCH IN UNMANNED

UNDERWATER WORK SYSTEMS � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹29 46

Directories 58DIRECTORY OF MIT SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM

PUBUCATIONS 57DISPER-I � A TWO-DIMENSIONAI. FIN1TE ELEMENT

DISPERSION MODEL 4Dispersion 4, 45Diving 56DCH"UMENTATION OF FOUR OCEAN-RELATEDCOMMUTER PROGRAM MODULES 23

Dogfish shark 14, 15Dredging 4, 56Dutch cone penetrometer 38, 50DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF MARINE RISERS, TENSIONLEGS, CABLES AND MOORINGS � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹30 46

DYNAMICS OF TAUT INCUNED CABLES 36DYNAMICS OF TOWKD ARRAYS 33DYNAMICS OF TRANSLATING CABLES 37Echo sounders llECODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF ALGAL BLOOMS

FOULING NAHANT BAY BEACHES 16ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ATSEA 23

ECONOMIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACOASTAL ZONE 8

Economics 8, 9, 11, 17, 22, 23, 46, 50, 54, 55ECONOMICS AND ENGINEERING OF LARGE-SCALE

ALGAE BIOMASS ENERGY SYSTEMS � OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹11 46

ECONOMICS OF ARCTIC OIL TRANSPORTATION 9ECONOMICS OF FISH PROTEIN CONCENTRATE 11Education 8, 52, 54-56EFFECT OF BULBOUS BOW RETROFITS ON THE

RESISTANCE AND SEAKEEPING OF A 50 METERFRESHFISH STERN TRAWLER 13

EFFECT OF WATER ON THE CRACK PROPAGATIONRATE IN FIBERGLASS LAMI NATES UNDER STATICAND DYNAMIC LOADING 27

EFFECTS OF LIQUID STORAGE TANKS ON THEDYNAMIC RESPONSE OF OFFSHORE PLATFORMS 40

EFFECTS OF ORGANOTIN AND ORGANOLEADCOMPOUNDS ON YEASTS 21

EFFECTS OF SEA WATER AND CONCENTRATED SALTSOLUTIONS ON THE FATIGUE OF NYLON 6,6 FIBERS26

EFFECTS OF SURFACE PHENOMENA ON THESPREADING OFOILON WATER 21

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING ONDEVELOPMENT AND GERMINATION OFGONYAULAX TAMA RENSIS DINOPHYCEAE!HYPNOZYGOTES 16

EFFECTS OF WATER ON ENZYME-CATALYZEDREACTION OF GASEOUS SUBSTRATES 18

Effluents 4,6,19,23Ekman boundary layer 5ELECTRIC POWER FOR THE TREATMENT OF WATER

AND WASTEWATER 22Electric power generation 9Electron irradiation treatment 22, 23, 46, 50ELECTRON IRRADIATION, SEWAGE SLUDGE AND

AQUACULTURE � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹6 46Energy 9, 10, 46, 55ENERGY AND DEVELOPMENT � A CASE STUDY 9ENGINEERING AND ECONOMICS OF COAL-FIREDSHIP PROPULSION � OPPORTUNITY BRIE ¹26 46

ENGINEERING ASPECTS OF FRACTURETOUGHNESS � FIBER-REINFORCED LAMINATES 27

Engineering education 30, 55, 56ENGINEERING EDUCATION: A NATIONAL AGENDA-STH ANNUAL ROBERT BRUCE WALLACE LECIURE55

Engines 14,49,50ENHANCEMENT OF THE STABILITY OF COMMONPOLYMERIC MATERIALS AGAINST UNDERSEADEGRADATION 26

Environment 4-6, 8, 9Environmental law 54ENZYMATIC OXIDATION OF ETHANOL IN THEGASEOUS PHASE 17

ENZYMATIC REMOVAL OF HAZARDOUSPOLLUTANTS FROM INDUSTRIAL AQUEOUSEFFLUENTS 23

ENZYME CATALYZED REACTIONS IN THE GASPHASE 17

Enzymes 17,18Epoxy 27EQUIPMENT ARRANGEMENT USING INTERACTIVECOMPUTER GRAPHICS 41

Erosion 8,60ESTABLISHING NEW SALT MARSHES � MARINE ANDCOASTAL FACTS 58

ESTIMATES OF THE JOINT STATISTICS OFAMPUTUDES AND PERIODS OF OCEAN WAVESUSING AN INTEGRAL TRANSFORM TECHNIQUE 40

ESTIMATION OF DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OFDEEP OCEAN TOWER STRUCTURES 37

Estuaries 4, 6EVOLUTION AND UTILIZATION OF MARINEMINERAL RESOURCES 9

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE FOR THE PREDICTIONOF THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF RISER TYPESYSTEMS 35

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND ENGINEERINGEVALUATION OF THE SALTER'S CAM WAVEENERGY DEVICE 10

EXPERIMENTS IN SUPERVISORY CONTROL OF ACOMPUTERIZED VEHICLE FOR INSPECTINGCURVED SURFACES 31

EXPLORATION AND EVALUATION OF ENGINEERINGPROPERTIES FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN OFOFFSHORE STRUCTURES 38

EXTENDED FISHERIES JURISDICTION � A PARTIALLYANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY WITH SPECIALREFERENCES TO NEW ENGLAND 11

Factsheets 60Fat, dietary 19FATIGUE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE OFPOLYESTER AND NYLON FIBERS 27

FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS, YARNS,AND ROPES 26

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN 0'/90' E-GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITES 27

FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION RATES IN WOVENAND NON-WOVEN FIBERGLASS LAMINATES 27

Fatigue life 26, 27Ferro-cement 27Fiberglass 26-28, 48FINAL REPORT ON A STUDY OF SHIP WAVERESISTANCE 33

FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF A SALTWATER /FRESHWATER INTERFACE WITH INDIRECT TOETRACKING 6

FINITE-DEPTH WIND-WAVE MODEL, PART I � MODELDESCRIPTION 5

Fishasfood 15, I8,19,54Fish handling 11,58Fish harvesting 58Fish ladders 11Fish Marketing 11, 15Fish oils 19Fish processing 15, 54Fish protein concentrate 11Fish, age determination 14Fish-oils 15,54Fisheries 8, 9, 11-15, 43, 52, 55Fisheries education and training 12, 52FISHERMAN AND FISH CONSUMER UNDER THE 200-MILE LIMIT 11

Fishing cooperatives 11Fishing gear 11-14Fishing industry 54,58FISHING VESSEL TOPICS � REPRINTS FROMCOMMERCIAL FISHING. REPRINTS FROMCOMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS II

FLOW TESTS ON CABLES WITH FUZZ FAIRING 12

FLUME FOR THE STUDY OF CONTAINED OIL SLICKS22

Food chain 14Food technology 1S, 17, 18, 45Fouling 49Foundations 25, 37, 38, 39, 45Fracture mechanics 26, 27FRACTURE OF FIBERGLASS -REINFORCED PLASTICS

SUITABLE FOR HULL MATERIALS 27FREE SURFACE FLOW THROUGH SALT MARSHGRASS 6

Freezer-trawlers 13FREQUENCY SELECTION AND ASYMPTOTIC STATESIN LAMINAR WAKES 32

Fuel efficient engines 14FULL SCALE RESISTANCE TESTS OF YANKEE TRA WLS

OF BOTH NYLON AND POLYETHYLENECONSTRUCTION 13

Fundin for ocean research 54OF ATLANTIC PORTS 43

Game techniques 8Gas-turbine engines 14Gases 17,18GEOMETRIC MODELING ISSUES IN COMPUTER-

AIDED DESIGN OF MARINE STRUCTURES 41Georges Bank 9,11,54GEORGES BANK PETROLEUM STUDY 9GEORGES BANK � FISH AND FUEl 53GEOTECHNICAL RELIABILITY OF OFFSHORE

GRAVITY PLATFORMS 38GEOTECHNICAL RESEARCH AT MIT � SPRING

SEMINAR �988 � HOUSTON!. OPPORTUNITYBRIEF ¹50 46

Geotechnical risk 38, 48, 50Gloeocystis gi's 16GLOUCESTER RESOURCE STUDY 8Gloucester, MA 8Gonyaulax excavata 16Gonyaulax tamarensis 16, 17Green function 34Groundwater 6,7Guides S8Harbors 8,43Herring run 11High energy electron irradiation 22, 23HIGH-EFFICIENCY BRAYTON-CYCLE ENGINES FOR

MARINE PROPULSION 14HOLBROOK COVE SURVEY � A 1972 STUDENTSUMMER OCEAN ENGINEERING LABORATORYRESEARCH PROJECT 23

Hook-up block 14Horseradish peroxidase 23Hulls 26,27HUMAN INTERACTIVE SIMULATION AND DISPLAYOF AN UNDERWATER REMOTELY OPERATEDVEHICLE 31

Human-powered vehicles 30Hyannis Harbor 8HYBRID ELEMENT METHOD FOR CALCULATING

THREE-DIMENSIONAL WATER WAVESCATTERING 4

Hydrodynamics 5-7, 22, 23, 31, 33, 40, 41Hydrophones 45ICARUS � MIT'S HUMAN POWERED SUBMARINE 29Ice and ice loading 25,27,51, 53Ice, navigation in 25Imaging systems 50Impact loads 40

IMPACT OF DIETARY FAT ON HUMAN HEALTH 19IMPACT OF OIL SPILLAGE FROM WORLD WAR IITANKER SINKINGS 21

IMPACT RESISTANCE OF MODIFIED FERRET& EMENTPANELS 27

IMPACTS OF OFFSHORE OIL ON NORTHEAST SCOTLAND 9

Impedance control 30IMPORTANCE OF LIFE CYCLE EVENTS IN THE

POPULATION DYNAMICS OF GONYAULAXTAMARENSIS 16

IMPROVED TRAWL DOOR HOOK-UP SYSTEM 13IMPROVEMENTS IN PART-LOAD EFFICIENCY BY

REDUCING PRESSURE RATIO IN REGENERATIVEGAS-TURBINE ENGINES 13

INDUSTRIAL PROSPECTS FOR CHITIN AND PROTEINFROM SHELLFISH WASTES 17

Information sources S8INSTABILITY IN THE WAKE OF A STEADILY

ADVANCING SHIP 33Instamatic welding 28INTERACTIONOF WAVES AND OIL SPILLS 22INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHITIN jCHITOSAN � PROCEEDINGS 19

International cooperation 43INTERNATIONAL TRANSFER OF MARINETECHNOLOGY � A THREE-VOLUME STUDY 43

INVESTIGATION OF MECHAMCAL PROPERTIES OFRAW FLESH AND SKIN OF SPINY DOGFISH SQUALUS ACANTHIAS! 15

Irish Moss 8,15ISOLATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROMSHARKS 19

Jurisdiction in the arctic 53Land use 8,9LANDSCAPING THE SEASHORK COITAGE � MARINE

AND COASTAL FACTS 58LARGE VARIABILITY OF WATER QUAUTY IN

COASTAL WATERS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR HOWWECANHANDLETHEM 6

Lawandlegislation 8,9,11,43,54,55Lawof theta 43LIFE HISI'ORY OF MORPHOLOGY OF FREE-LIVINGPILAYEI.LA LTITORALIS L.! Kjelim. Ectocarpaceae,Ectocarpales! IN NAHANT BAY, MASSACHUSETTS 17

Lifeboats 12LINEAR DYNAMICS OF COMPLIANT RISERS 35Liquid crystals 28, 48LIQUID CRYSTALS KIT FOR STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY

ASSESSMKNT OF FIBERGLASS WATERCRAFT 28LONGSHORE CURRENT MODEL 5LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DATA � A

REVIEW 5Longuet-Higgins model 5LOW COST SHORELINE PROTECTION IN

MASSACHUSETTS 58LOW FROUDE NUMBER WAKE OF FLOATING BLUFFOBjECTS 33

LOWWOST IMPROVEMENT FOR ALEWIFE HERRING!PASSAGEWAYS 11

LOW-COST MULTICHANNEL RECORDINGPIEZOMETER SYSTEM FOR WETLAND RESEARCH 7

LYNN HARBOR � PLANNING FOR COASTALDEVELOPMENT 8

Maine 8,9,56Maine Maritime Academy 56Maine Gulfof 6MANAGING GLOUCESTER'S COAST 8

Manganese nodules 9, 46Marinas 8Marine and coastal information sources 58Marine biology 14, 16, 17, 54MARINE CORROSION AND BIOR3ULING-OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹37 47

MARINE DECISIONS UNDER UNCERTAINTY 43Marine ecosystems 9, 22, 23h4ARINE ENV IRONh4ENT EFFECTS ON FATIGUECRACK PROPAGATION IN GRP LAMINATES FORHULL CONSTRUCTION 26

Marine industry advisory service 44-51Marine researchers at MIT 58MAINE-RELATED RESEARCH AT MIT 1990-1991 57MARlTIME COMMERCE AND THE FUTURE OF THEPANAMA CANAL 43

MARKETABILITY OF SQUID 14MARPOL ANNEX V: NO MORE DUMPING PLASTICS

INTHEOCEAN 58MASS TRANSPORT IN DEEP-WATER WAVES 5Massachusetts 8Massachusetts Bay 4, 6, 9, 45Massachusetts Fisheries Program 52Massachusetts marine organizations 58Massachusetts Maritime Academy 52Materials and testing 26-28, 49MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR COMPLIANT RISERS35

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OFUNSTEADY SALINITY INTRUSION IN ESTUARIES 6

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF DISPERSION INSTRATIFIED WATERS 4

MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF NEAR COASTALCIRCULATION 6

lvlATHEMATICAL MODELS OF THE MASSACHUSETTSBAY 4

MATHEMATICAL SIMULATION OF POLLUTANTTRANSPORT IN BOSTON HARBOR 23

MATHEMATICAL SMULATION OF TIDAL TIMEAVERAGES OF SA UNITY AND VELOCITY PROFILESIN ESTUARIES 6

MEASUREMENT AND PREDICTION OF VIBRATIONRESPONSE OF DEEPWATER OFFSHORESTRUCTURES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹22 47

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN FILMS�EFFECT OF SOLVENT ACID 18

MECHANICS OF A RESTRAINED LAYER OF FLOATINGOIL ABOVE A WATER CURRENT 22

MECHANICS OF DEGRADATION IN h/lAKNE ROPE25

Mexico 45Minerals, marine 9, 46, 48, 54, 55MIT MARINE INDUSTRY ADVISORY SERVICE � ACRITICAL REVIEW 44

MIT research projects 58MIT Sea Grant College P|ogram 44, 52, 55, 58, 62MIT SEA GRANT MARINE INDUSTRY COLLEGIUM � ATECHNOLOGY TRANSFER PARTNERSHIP OFINDUSTRY, ACADEMIA AND GOVERNMENT 44

MIT SEA GRANT PROGRAM BROCHURE 58MIT SEA GRANT QUARTERLY REPORT 58MIT SEA GRANT THESES LIST 1980-1983 57MIT SEA GRANT � HEI.PING TO MANAGE A

NATION'S INVESTMENT. A REPORT ON THEMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEAGRAM' COLLEGE PROGRAM 1981-1984 59

MIT SEA GRANT � TEN YEARS OF OCEANDEVELOPMENT, A REPORT ON THE

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SEAGRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM 1970-1980 59

MIT SINGLE-SPECIES FISHERY SIMULATOR�APPLICATION TO THE GEORGES BANKYELLOWTAIL 11

MIT UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY RESEARCHTELEMANIPULATOR DEVELOPMENTS,OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹40 47

MIT UNDERWATER VEHlCLE RESEARCH � RECENTADVANCES AND FUTURE PROGRAMS�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹36 47

MODEL BASED APPROACH TO 3-D IMAGING ANDMAPPING UNDERWATER 32

MODEUNG AND GAMING FOR REGIONALPLANNING � A MAINE STUDY 8

MODELING OF COASTAL PROCESSES�CIRCULATION, DISPERSION, AND WAVES�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹38 47

MODELLING OF MARINE ROPE FATIGUE BEHAVIOR27

Models, mathematical 4-6, 8, 11, 22-24, 32, 33, 35, 36, 41, 42,45, 46, 50

MODIFIED METHOD FOR QUANTIFYING METHYLAND BUTYLTINS IN ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS 21

MOORING DYNAMICS FOR OFFSHOREAPPLICATIONS 37

Moorings 35,37MULTISENSOR MODELING OF UNDERSEA TERRAIN32

MULTISENSOR MODELING UNDERWATER WITHUNCERTAIN INFORMATION 32

Nahant Bay, MA 16,17Nantucket 8, 22NANTUCKET SHORELINE SURVEY 8NASA BUT NOT NOAA? FUNDING FOR OCEANRESEARCH IN THE 1990s 54

NATIONAL RESPONSE CAPABILITY TO OIL SPILLS � ASYSTEMS APPROACH 22

National Sea Grant College Program 23Navigation 31, 56Negotiation 54NE% DESIGN FOR PARALLEL LINK MAMPULATORS30

NEW DIMENSIONS OF U.S. MARITIME POUCY 43New England 9, 11, 16NEW ENGLAND RED TIDE � MARINE AND COASTALFACTS 58

NEW GENERATION OF UNDERWATER UNMANNEDTETHERED VEHICLES CARRYING HEAVYEQUIPMENT AT LARGE DEPTHS 32

NEW TECHNIQUES FOR OCEAN MEASUREMENT.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹52 47

NEW TOWING BLOCK FOR SIDE-TRAWLING 14NEW UNDERWATER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹19 48

Nitrogen nutrient cycle 4NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF FIBERCOMPOSITES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹21 48

Nondestructive testing 28, 48NONLINEAR STATICS OF NONROTATION ALLYUNIFORM RODS WITH TORSION 35

NOTCH GEOMETRY AND LAMINATECONSTRUCTION EFFECTS ON THE FRACTURETOUGHNESS OF LAMINATES FOR HULLCONSTRUCTION 26

NOVEL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOPOLYMERS.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹54 48

NUMERICAL METHODS IN WATER WAVE

DIFFRACTION AND RADIATION 40NUMERICAL MODEL FOR THE PREDICTION OFTRANSIENT WATER QUALITY IN ESTUARYNETWORKS 4

NUMERICAL MODEL OF SEAWATER INTRUSION INAQUIFERS 6

NUMERICAL MODELING OF DISPERSION INSTRATIFIED WATERS 4

NUMERICAL MODELING OF SORPTION KINETICS OFORGANIC COMPOUNDS TO SOIL AND SEDIMENTPARTICLES 24

Nutrition 15Nylon trawls 13OBJECTIVE TACTILE SENSING STRATEGY FOR OBJECTRECOGNITION AND LOCALIZATION 31

Ocean acoustic telemetry 45Ocean circulation 44, 45, 47OCEAN COMMERCE AND THE PANAMA CANAL 43Ocean currents 5, 6, 22OCEAN DISPOSAL OF MUMCIPAL WASTEWATER�

IMPACTS ON THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT 23Ocean dumping 23,55Ocean engineering 4, 6, 26-41, 43, 53, 55, 56, 58Ocean engineering education 23, 55,56OCEAN ENGINEERING POWER SYSTEMS 56OCEAN ENGINEERING SUMMER LABORATORY 56OCEAN ENGINEERING SYSIKMS 56Ocean mining 9,46,48,54,55OCEAN TRANSPORTATION 43Ocean transportation 43, 55, 56Ocean wave energy 10Oceanographic instrumentation 11, 25, 29, 31, 47-50, 56OCEANOr" RAPHIC INSTRUMENTATION AT WOODS

HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹45 48

Oceanography 5-7, 29, 34, 43, 56OCEANS � PLANETARY ENGINEERING AND

INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT 53OCS PETROLEUM PIE 9OFFSHORE GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATION�

OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹27 48OFFSHORE MINING OF SAND AND GRAVKI

OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹2 48Offshore petroleum 9, 22, 34, 43, 55OFFSHORE PETROLEUM ENGINEERING � A

BIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO PUBLICATIONS ANDINFORMATION SOURCES 34

Offshore safety 12Offshore structures 33-41, 45-48, 50, 51, 53, 56OIL POLLUTION OF THE OCEANS � A TANKER

OWNER'S PERSPECTIVE 53OIL SPILL CLEAN-UP, AN ECONOMIC AND

REGULATORY MODEL � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹2548

OIL SPILL INCIDENCE SIMULATION MODEL�DESCRIPTION AND USER'S MANUAL 21

Oil spills 9, 21-23, 34, 45, 48, 49, 54OIL SPIL~PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES�

OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹9 49Oil transportation 9OMEGA-3 FATTY ACiDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE 54ON THE RATIONAI. SELECTION OF STRENGTHENING

CRITERIA FOR NAVIGATION IN ICE 25Opportunity briefs 45-51OPTICAL TACTICAL SENSOR FOR MANIPULATORS31

OPTIMAL RESPONSE TO OIL SPILLS � THE STRATEGICDECISION CASE 22

Organometals 21Orinoco clay 37OVERALL COMPRESSION BUCKLING OF PARTIALLYCONSTRAINED SHIP GRILLAGES 26

Oyster culture 19, 45Panama canal 43,55PARABLE BEACH � A PRIMER IN COASTAL ZONEECONOMICS 8

Paralytic shellfis poisoning 16PARAMETRIC WIND-WAVE MODEL FOR ARBITRARYWATER DEPTHS 5

Pemhed beach construction 60Peroxidase 23Pharmaceuticals 19, 53Phytopiankton 16PIECEWISE CONTINUOUS ALGEBRAIC SURFACES INTERMS OF B-SPLINES 41

PIEZOCONE PENETROMETER 38Pilayella littoralis 16, 17PIONEER DEEP OCEAN MINING VENTUPZ 9Pipelines 45Plankton 14Plates, ship 26Plymouth Nuclear Power Station 4Pollution 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 21-24, 48,50, 54Polyethylene trawls 13Polymeric materials 26,48Polysaccharides 53PORE PRESSURE DISSIPATION AFTER CONEPENETRATION 38

PORE PRESSURES DURING CONE PENETRATION INCLAYS 39

PORT DESIGNS AND ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY 43Ports 43POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL EFFECIS OFHYPOTHETICAL OIL DISCHARGES IN THEATLANTIC COAST AND GULF OF ALASKA 22

POTENTIAL FOR ADVANCED BRAYTON-CYCLEENGINES FOR COMMERCIAL VESSELS 14

POTENTIAL IMPORTANCE OF BENTHIC CYSTS OFGONYAULAX TAMARENSIS AND G. EXCAVATA ININlTIATING TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE BLOOMS 16

POTENTIAL LIPID OXIDATION PROBLEMS IN FATTYFISH PROCESSING 15

POTENTIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF COPPERCOMPLEXATION BY PHYTOPLANKTON EXUDATES17

Power plants 8,9,55Power sources 55, 56POWER SYSTEMS FOR SMALL UNDERWATERVEHICLES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹51 49

POWER, POLLUTION, AND PUBLIC POLICY 9PREDICTION OF THK DAMPING-CONTROLLEDRESPONSE OF OFFSHORE STRUCTURES TO RANDOMWAVE EXCITATION 40

PREDICTION OF UNSI'EADY SALINITY INTRUSION INESTUARIES � MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND USER'SMANUAL 6

PRELMINARY ASSESSMENT OF THEENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF MACH IASBAY, MAINE, TOOIL SUPERTANKERS 9

PRELIMINARY FEASIBILITY SIUDY OF IRISH MOSSHARVESTING SYSTEMS 15

PRIMARY PHYSICAL IMPACTS OF OFFSHOREPETROLEUM DEVELOPMENTS � REPORT TOCOUNCIL ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 9

PROBLEMS AND POTENTIALS OF RECYCLINGWASTES FOR AQUACULTURE 19

PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE ON TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATEBLOOMS 55

PROCESSING OF CHITOSAN MEMBRANES 17PROCESSING SQUID FOR FOOD 15PROGRESS IN CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENTAQUACULTURE AND ALGAE HUSBANDRY.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹24 49

PROGRESS IN UNDERWATER TELEMANIPULATORRESEARCH~PPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹23 49

PROPERTIES � COUNTER-ION ACTIVITY IN ACATIONIC POLYELECTROLYTE SOLUTION 18

Propulsion 13, 14, 46PROSPECTS FOR A NEW REGIME OF THE SEAS�INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS 43

PROSPECTS FOR HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRONIRRADIATION OF WASTEWATER LIQUID RESIDUALS23

PROTECTION OF MATERIALS IN THE MARINEENVIRONMENTOPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹20 49

PUBLIC WASTE MANAGEMENT AND THE OCEANCHOICE 54

Publications directory 58QUANTITATIVE GEOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATIONOF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLA WS VIA LIQUIDCRYSTALS AND THERMOGRAPHY 28

QUICK-RELEASE HOOK FOR LIFEBOATS ANDOFFSHORE RIGGING 'l2

REALISTIC MODEL OF THE WIND. INDUCED EKMANBOUNDARY LAYER 5

Recreation 8Red tide 16, 17,54REDUCING POSTHARVEST LOSSES OF FISH IN THETHIRD WORLD 11

Refrigeration systems 13REGULATION OF GROWTH IN AN ESTUARINECLONE OF GONYAULAX TAMARENSIS LEBOUR-SALINITY-DEPENDENT TEMPERATURE RESPONSES17

Remote sensing 29, 31, 49REMOTE SENSING AND OCEANOGRAPHICEQUIPMENT TECHNOLOGY � SOME PRESENTSYSTEMS AND FUTURE NEEDS. OPPORTUNITY BRIEF¹41 49

REPORT ON FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH ONUNDERWATER WELDING 28

REPORT ON THE MASSACHUSHTS INSTITUTE OFTECHNOLOGY SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM � 1JULY 1978 to 30 JUNE 1979 59

RESPONSE OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY TO WINDSTRESS 6

RETROFIT SAIL-ASSIST ON NEW ENGLAND FISHINGVESSELS 13

REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF BASIC TECHNIQUESFOR PREDICTING THE BEHAVIOR OF OIL SLICKS 22

REVIEW OF EFFECTIVE PLATING TO BE USED IN THEANALYSIS OF STIFFENED PLATING IN BENDINGAND COMPRESSION 26

Risers 34-37RISKS AND COSTS FOR OCEAN STRUCTURE~OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹17 50

Robot submarine 29, 50ROBUSI' DESIGN METHOD FOR IMPEDANCECONTROL OF CONSTRAINED DYNAMIC SYSTEMS30

ROLL DAMPING ON A 119 FOOT NEW ENGLANDTRAWLER � AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESI'IGATION 34

ROLL DAMPING ON A 76 FOOT NEW ENGLAND

TRAWLER � AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 33Rope 25-27Run-off 6RUPI URE ANALYSIS OF SHIP PLATING DUE TOHYDRODYNAMIC WAVE IMPACT 41

RUSSIAN TRANSLATIONS � ON TRAWLHYDRODYNAMICS and HYDRODYNAMIC WATERCHANNEL FOR FISHING GEAR RESEARCH 12

Safety 12Sail-assist 13Salinity 4,6Salt marshes 6, 7Salter's Cam wave energy device 10, 51Sand and Gravel mining 9, 48SATELLITE IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR MARINEAPPLICATIONS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹53 50

Saudi Arabia 9SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, ECONOMICS, ANDPOLITICS OF OCEAN HARD MINERALDEVELOPMENT 53

Scotland 9Sea Grant Lectures 53-55SEA GRANT PUBLICATIONS FOR THE FISHING

INDUSTRY 57Seafood processing 11, 14, 15, 58Seakeeping 13, 39SEAKEEPJNG CALCULATIONS FOR SWATH SHIPSUSING A NEW MODIFIED VERSION OF CAT-5 39

SEARCH FOR DEFENCE AND OTHER OCEANENGINEERING PROJECTS 56

SEAS AND THE WATERWAYS � THE NEW FRONTIER53

Seawater intrusion 6Seaweed harvesting 15Sediment transport 5, 6Sediments 24,25,38,39,50SEEDING OF TWO RED TIDE BLOOMS BY THEGERMINATION OF BENTHIC GONYAULAXTAMARENSIS HYPNOCYSTS 16

Sewage 22,23,45,46,55SEWAGE DISPOSAL AND THE OCEAN � THE SEAGRANT ROLE 23

SHAFI' RESISTANCE OF PILES Q CLAY 37Shark as food 14, 15SHARK CARTILAGE CONTAINS INHIBITORS OF

TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS 19Sharks 19SheBfish wastes 17,19,45Ship design and construction 13, 25, 34, 43, 45, 46Ship handling 41Ship hydrodynamics 33, 34, 41Ship structures 26Ship wave resistance 33, 34Shipping 43, 54, 55Shore protection manual 5SHORELINE FOR THE PUBLIC � A HANDBOOK OFSOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONSREGARDING PUBLIC RECREATIONAL USE OF THENATION'S COASTAL SHORELINE 8

Side-trawling 14Single-species simulator 11SMALL ROBOT SUBMARINE FOR OCEANOGRAPHICAPPLICATIONS 29

SMALL SCALE TIDAL POWER PLANTS 10Soil mechanics 25, 37-39, 45SOLUTION PROPERTIES OF CHITOSAN � CHAINCONFORMATION 18

SOME FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH

PROGRAMS FOR UNMANNED UNDERWATERVEHICLES � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹18 50

Sonar 31SPECTRAL MODEL FOR WAVE ATTENUATION BY

BOTTOM FRICTION � EXPERIMENTS 5SPECTRAL WAVE ATTENUATION BY BOTTOM

FRICTION � THEORY 5SPECTROFLOUROMETRIC DIFFKRENTIATION OF THERED TIDE ALGA, GONYAULAX TAMARENSIS, FROMOTHER ALGAE COMMON TO NEW ENGLANDWATERS 16

SPINY DOGFISH SHARK, A SEAFOOD SPECIALTY�MARINE AND COASTAL FACTS 58

SPRING RUNOFF AND NUTRIENT- SEAWATERDENSITY CORRELATIONS IN THE MASSACHUSETTSBAY 6

Squalus acanthias 14, 15Squid 11, 15, 17, 18SQUID PROTEIN CONCENTRATES 18SQUID PROTEIN ISOLATE 18SQUID TECHNOLOGY APPLIED TO THE STUDY OFELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION 25

STABILITY OF A STRING IN AXlAL FLOW 36STABILIZATION OF BARRIER DUNES BY

VEGETATION � MARINE AND COASTAL FACTS 58STANDARD SERIES TRAWL TESTS 12STATE INDUSTRY WORKSHOP ON THE COASI'ALZONK MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1972 8

STATIC ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE FOR MULTI-LEGCABLE-BUOY SYSIZMS 35

STATIC AND FATIGUE ANALYSIS OF MULTI-LEGMOORING SYSTEM 37

STATUS OF ENGINEERING IN THE OCEANENVIRONMENT TODAY 56

Steel, cathodic protection 47Steel, offshore structures 40, 50STOCHASTIC FEM IN SETTLEMENT PREDICTIONS 38STRENGTH-DEFORMATION PROPERTIES OF ARCTICSILT 25

STRENGTHENING OCEAN ENGINEERING IN THE SEAGRANT PROGRAM 55

STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR ANISOTROPICFRACTURE TEST SPECIMENS OF SEVERALGEOMETRIES 27

STRESS RELAXATION OF A POLYELECTROLYTENETWORK AS AFFECTED BY IONIC STRENGTH 18

STRUCTURAL ACOUSTICS � AN APPLIED SCIENCEWITH MANY APPLICATIONS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF¹56 50

STRUCTURAL MODELING OF THE TENSILEBEHAVIOR OF EIGHT STRAND ROPES 27

Structural response 34-36, 39-41, 50, 51STRUCIURE OF CHITIN AND CHITOSAN 17STRUCTURES WITH PARTIAL FRICTIONAL

CONSTRAINTS 25Stud welding 28STUDENT PROJECTS ON COASTAI. ZONE ANDOFFSHORE RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 8

STUDENT PROJECTS ON THE OXIDATION BY MARINEBACTERIA OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS FOUND INOIL 22

STUDY OF AUTOMATIC MEANS OF DETERMININGTHE AGE OF FISH 14

STUDY OF MEANS OF AUTOMATICALLYCLASSIFYING PLANKTON 14

Submarine topography 32Submersibles 29-32, 48-50SUBSURFACE FLOW IN SALT MARSH PEAT 7

SUGGESTIONS FOR THE REVITALIZATION OF THEVILLAGE OF HYANNIS 8

SUPERMAN � A SYSTEM FOR SUPERVISORYMANIPULATION AND THE STUDY OF HUMAN/COMPUTER INTERACTIONS 29

SURFACE-TO-SURFACE INTERSECTIONS FORGEOMETRIC MODELING 42

SURVEY OF MASSACHUSETTS FISHERIES PROGRAM52

SURVIVAL IN COLD WATER � MARINE ANDCOASTAL FACTS 58

Swath ships 39TACTICAL DECISION ALGORITHM FOR THE

OPTIMAL DISPATCHING OF OIL SPILL CLEANUPEQUIPMENT 22

TANKER SPILLS, COLLISIONS, AND GROUNDINGS 21Tankers 9,21,22,54,55TEACHING COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT � AN

INTRODUCTORY COURSE SYLLABUS 8Technology transfer 43, 44TELEMANIPULATORS FOR UNDERWATER TASKS-

OPPORTUNlTY BRIEF ¹3 50Teleoperators 29-31, 46, 47, 49, 50TELEOPERATORS UNDER THE SKA~PPORTUNITY

BRIEF ¹14 50TEST RESULTS FROM THE NEW ENGLAND TRAWL

NET TRAINING COURSES 12THEFT-PROOFING BOATS � MARINE AND COASTAL

FACTS 58THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PREDICTION OFTHE RESPONSE OF A MARINE RISER MODEL-RKPORT SERIES 34, 35

Thermal effluents 4, 19THERMAL NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OFFIBERGLASS USING LIQUID CRYSTALS, A TWO-PARTREPORT 28

Thermodynamics 56Theses 58THREE-DIMENSIONAL NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS OFCOMPLIANT RISERS 36

Tidal power 10Tides 4,6TIME SERIES ANALYSIS OF OCEAN WAVES 4Topography 32Tourism 8TOW TANK RESULTS OF BULBOUS BOW RETROFITSON NEW ENGLAND TRAWLER HULLS 13

TOWARD DEEP OCEAN MINING IN THE NINETIES 9TOWARDS IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FORPREDICTING SOIL STRENGTH � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF¹16 50

Towed instrumented glider 31Towing block 14Trace metals 16TRACING AND MODELLING POLLUTION

TRANSPORT IN BOSTON HARBOR 23Trawl door hook-up system 13Trawl gear 11-14TRAWL GEAR TOPICS � REPRINTS FROM

COMMERCIAL FISHERIES NEWS 12Trawlers 13, 33,34TRIENNIAL REPORT OF THE MIT SEA GRANT

COLLEGE PROGRAM 59Tumor angiogenesis 19Two-hundred mile limit 11U.S, Naval Ship R 4 D Center 13Undersea operations 28, 29, 31, 49, 50UNDERSEA TELEOPERATORS AND INTELLIGENT

AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES 29Underutilized species 14, 15Underwater archeology 56Underwater vehicles 29-32, 46-50Underwater welding 28, 45, 47UNDRAINED CYCE,IC SIMPLE SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF

CLAY WITH APPLlCATIONS TO PILE FOUNDATIONSSUPPORTING TENSION LEG PLATFORMS 39

UNITED STATES AND THE OCEANS�OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDEPENDENCE 53

UNTETHERED ROBOT SUBMERSIBLE INSTRUMENTA-TION SYSTEMS � OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹5 50

USER'S MANUAL FOR "CAFE-2" � A TWO LAYERFINITE ELEMENT CIRCULATION MODEL 6

USER'S lvIANUAL FOR "DISPER-2" � A MULTI-LAYERFINITE ELEMENT DISPERSION MODEL 4

USING COOPERATIVES TO AID THE NEW ENGLANDFISHING INDUSTRY 11

VEHICLE DESIGN � MOTORS AND PROPULSORS.OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹55 50

VIBRATION RESPONSE AND THE STRUCTURALINTEGRITY OF DEEPWATER STRUCTURES�OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹10 50

VORTEX INDUCED RESPONSE OF A FLEXIBLECYLINDER IN A CONSTANT CURRENT 36

VORTEX INDUCED RESPONSE OF A FLEXIBLECYLINDER IN A SHEARED CURRENT 35

Waste disposal and treatment 22, 23, 45, 50, 55Waste-heat utilization 13WASTE-HEAT-DRIVEN REFRIGERATION PLANTS FOR

FREEZER TRAWLERS 13Wastes, recycling of 19, 46Wastewater 19, 22, 23, 50, 55WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT � TECHNICAL

ALTERNATIVES AND REGULATORY OUTLtMK-OPPORTUNITY BRIEF ¹32 50

Water quality 4,6, 22,23,54WAVE AND ICE IMPACT LOADING AND RESPONSE

OF OCEAN STRUCTURES � OPPORTUNlTY BRIEF ¹3951

Wave energy 10,51Wave forces 6, 33, 34, 37, 39-41, 51WAVE FORCES ON A SUBMERGED OBJECT 32WAVE POWER SYSTEMS � OPPORTUNlTY BRIEF ¹1551

Waves 44, 22, 34, 40, 47WAVES AND WAVE FORCES 6Welding 27,28,45,47Wetlands 6, 7WIDE BANDWIDTH POSITIONING SYSTEMS FORSPACE AND UNDERWATER VEHICLES 30

Wind 4-6, 22, 23Wind-generated waves 5Windmills 56Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 48WORLD ENERGY AND THE OCEANS 53World War II tankers 21Yea sts 21Yellowtail fiounder IlZooplankton 14

Sea Grant Number Index 1971-1990

1971

1977

1972

1975

1973

1976

1974

71-1 871-2 2371-3 1171-4 971-5 43714 5671-7 4371-8 971-10 22

72-1 2572-2 14724 5672-4 3272-5 43724 2772-7 672-8 1172-9 972-11 672-12 3772-13 872-14 1572-15 472-16 972-I7 4372-18 4372-19 2372-20 5672-21 6

73-1 5373-2 1973-4 673-5 973-6 973-8 2373-9 2773-10 2673-11 2673-12 473-13J 4373-14 2773-15 2673-16 26

74-1 874-3 874-4 474-6 5674-7 5374-8 574-9 674-IO 2774-11 14

74-12 5674-13 I574-14 474-15 5674-16 874-18 2774-19 2274-20 974-21 2774-22 5874-24 1474-25 874-26 974-27 1974-28 4374-29 2874-30J 1874-31 43

75-I 875-2 675-3 53754 5975-6 Il75-7 II75-8 5575-10 975-1I 875-12 5675-13 675-14 5875-15 975-16J 1875-17 1775-18 2775-19 2375-20 1175-2I 875-22 2275-23 875-24 1475-25 27

76-1 5376-2 5976-3 5676-4 876-5 4576-6 4876-7 50764 4576-9 5076-10 476-11 476-12 476-13 5876-I4 476-15J 2976-I6 4

76-17 476-18 2376-19 676-20 30

77-I 5377-2 5977-3 17774 2177-5 ll774 677-7 477-8 2277-9 2877-10 2277-IIJ 577-I2 5877-13 5877-14 4677-15 4577-16 4677-17 4977-I8 1677-19 2277-20 4377-21 1177-22 5677-23 8

78-1 5378-2 5978-3 8784 978-5 3478-6 5878-7 1978-8 2278-9 5878-10 5078-11 4678-12 4678-13 4578-I4 1778-15J 1678-16J 578-17J 4078-18J 578-19J 1778-20J 1678-22 10

79-1 5379-2 5979-3 5579-6 5879-7 879-8 38

1988

1983

1980

1986

1981

1984

1982

1987

79-9J 4079-10 4479-1 I J 1179-12J 1079-13 679-14 2179-15 5079-'16 5179-17 5079-18 5079-19J 5879-20 2979-21 879-22 1379-23 3379-24J 1679-26J 1679-27 679-28J 579-30J 1579-31 21

SO-2 5980-4J 2280-5 5080-6 4880-7 49804 4880-9J 4080-10 5S80-11 3180-12 3980-13 3880-14 1480-15 5980-16J 1680-17 21SO-18J 2280-19 3180-20 3880-21 38

Sl-l, 5381-2 2881-3 4781-4 4981-5 4981-6 4881-7 46814 5581-9 3981-10 3881-11 5881-13 3381-'14 2681-15 881-16 28

82-1. 982-3 4882-4 4682-5 46

824J 782-7J 782-9/IO IO82-11 3782-12J 1882-13 3582-14 5882-15 1682-16J 1782-17j 1882-ISJ 1782-19 3082-20 5782-21J 682-22J 3982-23J 1282-24J IS82-25 53

83-1 5483-2 3483-3 34834 3483-5 34834 3483-7 40834 5783-9 5083-10 4583-11 1383-12 1383-13 3883-14 983-15 3483-16 683-17 2383-18 3483-19 3483-20 3483-21 3483-22 3583-23 3583-26 5283-29J 1683-31 5883-32 12S3-33 23

84-1 5484-2 4584-3 47844 4784-5 4784-6J 2884-7J 44844J 1984-9TN 2784-10 1384-11 2884-13J 1884-14J 1884-15 1484-18 59

85-IJ 3685-2J 3885-3J 20S5-4J 4085-5J 39854 2385-7 13854J 1485-9J 1485-10 1485-11J 2885-12 2985-13J 4185-14J 3585-15 1385-16J 3085-17 3585-18 3585-19 3585-20 5185-21 4985-22J 2585-23J 3585-24J 3685-25J 3585-26J 3685-27 4785-28 5585-29TN 3185-30TN 3285-31 5885-32TN 2585-33 1285-34 3085-35TN 308546 5485-37 1285-38J 37

86-1 3786-2 3786-3TN 4186$4086-6 5886-7TN 3986-SJ 2286-9 1386-10 5886-11 5886-12 4686-13 4586-14 4586-15 4886-16 2386-18 1186-19J 3186-21 3786-22J 22

87-1 29874TN 2387-5J 31

87+J 2587-7J 2687-STN 487-10J I I87-11 3687-12 3487-13 3387-14j 25S7-15j 2587-16J 2687-17J 2687-18J 2787-19 4287-20 39

1988

88-1 46SS-2 5888-3 1988-4J 3288-5 41884J 33SS-7J 5884 4288-9J 1188-IOJ 1288-11 4988-12 1988-13 4788-14J 2488-15J 15

1989

89-1 5489-2 5489-3 5089-4 2989-5P 3389-7 48894 3389-9 5589-1OJ 4189-11 5889-12J 2789-13J 3289-14J 4189-15TH 4089-16 1989-17J 589-18P 1789-19P 1789-2OP 1889-21TH 1789-22P 4289-23J 589-24 5089-26j 3189-27j 3289-28 2789-29TH 3289-30J 2989-31J 128942J 3389-33 50

90-1 5990-2 5490-3 5790-4 3290-5 3090-7J 3790-8 2990-9J 2190-10J 2190-IIJ 2190-12 5790-13 57

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