mit 3 crystal structure slides

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Welcome to 3.091Lecture 15

October 14, 2009Introduction to Crystallography


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Images by Inductiveloadat Wikipedia.
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The Big Pictureelectronic structure bonding state of aggregationBohr atom primary: gas

Bohr-Sommerfeld ionic liquid

quantum numbers covalent solid

Aufbau principle metallic multielectron atoms van der Waals 3.091 Periodic Table patternsoctet stability secondary:

dipole-dipole

London dispersion

hydrogen

solid: that which is dimensionally stable, i.e., has a volume of its own classifications of solids:

bonding type

atomic arrangement


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classifications of solids:

bonding type

atomic arrangement


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Snwhite

1.40 7.03

1.62 290.4

16.31 301.25

3.67/7.7 0.228

11.50oC 0.668

Tetragonal

a = b = c, = = =90o

c

ba

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.


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Photo by Will Wysong on Flickr.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/will_wysong/3595639244/http://www.flickr.com/photos/will_wysong/3595639244/


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Figure 12.4Figure 12.4

Bravais

Lattice

Triclinic

Monoclinic

Orthorhombic

Tetragonal

Trigonal

Cubic

Hexagonal

ParametersSimple

(P)

Volume

Centered (I)

Base

Centered (C)

Face

Centered (F)

a1

= a2 = a312 = 23 = 31

a1 = a2 = a323 = 31 = 90

0

12 = 900

a1 = a2 = a312 = 23 = 31 = 90

0

a1

= a2 = a312 = 23 = 31 = 90

0

a1

= a2 = a312 = 120

0

23= 31= 900

a1 = a2 = a312 = 23 = 31 = 90

0

a1

= a2 = a312 = 23 = 31 < 120

0

a3

a1

a2

4 Lattice Types

7CrystalClasses

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare.


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Courtesy of National Academy of Sciences, U. S. A. Used with permission.

Source: Caspar, Donald L. D., and Eric Fontano. "Five-fold Symmetry in

Crystalline Quasicrystal Lattices." PNAS93 (December 1996): 14271-14278.

Copyright1996 National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.

Fi 12 5


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Figure 12.5

Pearson. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, seehttp://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.Source: Fig. 12.5 in Averill, Bruce, and Patricia Eldredge. Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, and Applications. San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2007. ISBN: 080538039.
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Fi 12 5


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Figure 12.5c

Pearson. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative

Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

Source: Fig. 12.5 in Averill, Bruce, and Patricia Eldredge. Chemistry:

Principles, Patterns, and Applications. San Francisco, CA:

Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2007. ISBN: 080538039.

Figure 12 10


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Figure 12.10

Image by Eloyat Wikipedia.
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Pearson. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.Source: Fig. 10.24 in McMurry, John, and Robert C. Fay. Chemistry. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice-Hall, 2004. ISBN: 0131402218.


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All M. C. Escher works 2010 The M. C. Escher Company The Netherlands. All rights reserved.www.mcescher.com.
http://www.mcescher.com/http://www.mcescher.com/http://www.mcescher.com/http://www.mcescher.com/


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http://www.mcescher.com/http://www.mcescher.com/http://www.mcescher.com/


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All M. C. Escher works 2010 The M. C. Escher Company The Netherlands. All rights reserved. www.mcescher.com.

Figure 12.5a


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Figure 12.5a

Pearson. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons

license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse. Source: Fig. 12.5 in Averill,

Bruce, and Patricia Eldredge. Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, and Applications. San

Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2007. ISBN: 080538039.


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a = f(r) 2r 4r/3 22ror 4r = 4 a 3 a 2 a

packing density 0.5 0.68 0.74


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3

1

2

2

1

43

8 x18

= 16 x

1

2 = 3= 4 lattice

FCC points/unitcell

Pearson. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse. Source: Fig. 12.5 in Averill, Bruce, and Patricia Eldredge. Chemistry: Principles, Patterns, and Applications. San Francisco, CA: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2007. ISBN: 080538039.


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4r

a

a=407p

m

Image by MIT OpenCourseWare. Adapted from Fig. 5 in Aquaro, Donato. "Thermal Mechanical Analysis of a Solid Breeding Blanket." Fusion Engineering and Design69 (2003): 511-518. Courtesy of Elsevier, Inc., http://www.sciencedirect.com. Used with permission.
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Houses at LEstaqueGeorges Braque

1908


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Courtesy of Rod Nave/HyperPhysics. Used with permission.


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Courtesy of Rod Nave/HyperPhysics. Used with permission.

C l d G ld


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Colored Golds:FCC with zest

pure AuCu(low)Cu(high)Ni

Al

In

Cr

yellowyellowpink

white

purpleblue

green


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MIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu

3.091SC Introduction to Solid State Chemistry

Fall 2009

For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
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