mis web viewq1.the diagram shows a cell. (a) (i) use words from the box to name the structures...

Surbiton High School

Q1.The diagram shows a cell.

(a) (i) Use words from the box to name the structures labelled A and B .

cell membrane chloroplast cytoplasm nucleus

A .......................................................

B .......................................................(2)

(ii) The cell in the diagram is an animal cell. How can you tell it is an animal cell and not a plant cell?

Give two reasons.

1 ............................................................................................................

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2 ............................................................................................................

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(b) Oxygen will diffuse into the cell in the diagram. Why?

Use information from the diagram.

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(c) The cell shown in the diagram is usually found with similar cells. Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

an organ.

Scientists call a group of similar cells a system.

a tissue.

(1)(Total 6 marks)

Q2. In a sewage works, human waste is broken down by microorganisms.Air is blown through this sewage.

To gain full marks in this question you should write your ideas in good English. Put them into a sensible order and use the correct scientific words.

Carbon dioxide is formed from the mixture of sewage, microorganisms and air. Explain how.

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(Total 3 marks)

Q3.(a) The diagrams show the structures of a yeast cell and a bacterial cell.


(i) Both the yeast cell and the bacterial cell have structures A and B.

Name structures A and B.

A .......................................................

B .......................................................(2)

(ii) The yeast cell and the bacterial cell have different shapes and sizes.

Give one other way in which the structure of the bacterial cell is different from the structure of the yeast cell.

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...............................................................................................................(1)

(b) Sourdough bread is light in texture and tastes slightly sour. The bread is made using two types of microorganism, a yeast and a bacterium. The bacterium can make acids such as lactic acid. The acid makes the bread taste sour.

The graph shows how the growth rates of the yeast and the bacteria change with temperature.

Temperature in °C

(i) Sourdough bread rises fastest at 27°C.Use information from the graph to explain why.

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(2)(ii) The bread tastes most sour if it rises at 32°C. Use information from the graph to explain why.

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(Total 7 marks)

Q4. The diagram shows some of the stages by which materials are cycled in living organisms.

(a) In which of the stages, A, B, C or D:

(i) are substances broken down by microbes; ....................

(ii) is carbon dioxide made into sugar; ....................

(iii) are plants eaten by animals? ....................(3)

(b) In an experiment, samples of soil were put into four beakers. A dead leaf was put onto the soil in each beaker. The soil was kept in the conditions shown.

W X Y Z Warm and wet Cold and wet Warm and dry Warm and dry


In which beaker, W, X, Y or Z, would the dead leaf decay quickest? ...................(1)

Q5. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing.

The table shows the estimated mass of carbon dioxide exchanged with the atmosphere in one year.

Mass of carbon dioxide exchanged withthe atmosphere in millions of tonnes

Passed out intothe atmosphere

Taken in fromthe atmosphere

Plants 30 64

Animals 10 0

Microorganisms 24 0

Combustion 6 0

(a) (i) Calculate the total mass of carbon dioxide passed out into the atmosphere in one year.

Show clearly how you work out your answer.

...............................................................................................................

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Answer ............................................ million tonnes(2)

(ii) Calculate the increase in the mass of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in one year. You should use your answer to part (a)(i) in your calculation.


...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Answer ............................................ million tonnes(2)

(b) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

decomposition.

Plants use carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis.

respiration.

(1)


(Total 5 marks)

Q6. Brown trout are fish that kill and eat other animals.

(a) Choose a word from this list to complete the sentence below.

competitors consumers prey producers

Trout are predators, the animals they eat are their ......................................... .(1)

(b) The graph shows the ages of the brown trout found in the river Tees.

There was no serious pollution in the river during this time.

Suggest three reasons why few brown trout live to be over two years old.

1 ..................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................

3 ..................................................................................................................................(3)

(Total 4 marks)

Q7. Each autumn, many trees lose their leaves.

(a) Describe how carbon compounds in the leaves can be recycled so that they can be used again by the trees.

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..................................................................................................................................... (4)

(b) Give two environmental conditions which speed up the processes that you have described in part (a).

1 ..................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................(2)

(Total 6 marks)

Q8. Coconut palms grow just above the tide line on beaches of tropical islands.

Section through a coconut fruit

The sea carries the fruit to new parts of the beach.The embryo then puts out its first root.Fresh water and nutrients are very deep down under the sandy beach.

Explain three ways in which the coconut palm is adapted so that its embryo plants can spread and survive.

1 ............................................................................................................................................

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2 ............................................................................................................................................

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3 ............................................................................................................................................


...............................................................................................................................................(Total 3 marks)

Q9. The diagram shows a cell from a plant leaf.

(a) Name the part of this cell that:

(i) controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell

...............................................................................................................(1)

(ii) is filled with cell sap.

...............................................................................................................(1)

(b) Give the names of two parts of the leaf cell that would not be found in a human liver cell.

.................................................. and ..................................................(2)

(c) The chloroplasts produce oxygen.

Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentence.

diffusion.

The oxygen produced by the chloroplasts passes out of the cell by digestion.

respiration.

(1)(Total 5 marks)

Q10. Plants are adapted for survival in many different ways. Use information from the drawings to answer each question.

(a) This plant lives in ponds. The leaves of the plant float on the surface of the water.


The leaf of this plant is adapted for floating on water. Suggest how.

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........................................................................................................................(1)

(b) This plant lives in areas where a lot of snow falls.

The triangular shape helps the tree to survive in snowy conditions. Suggest how.

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........................................................................................................................(1)

(c) This plant has sharp thorns on the stem.

Thorns help this plant survive. Suggest how.

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........................................................................................................................(1)

(d) This plant lives in very dry areas.

The swollen leaves help this plant to survive in very dry places.

Suggest how.


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........................................................................................................................(1)

(Total 4 marks)

Q11. Students investigated a food chain in a garden.

The students found 650 aphids feeding on one bean plant.Five ladybirds were feeding on the aphids.

Photograph supplied by Hemera/Thinkstock

(a) (i) Draw a pyramid of biomass for this food chain.Label the pyramid.

(2)

(ii) The biomass in the five ladybirds is less than the biomass in the bean plant.

Give two reasons why.

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...............................................................................................................(2)

(b) The carbon in dead bean plants is returned to the atmosphere via the carbon cycle.

Describe this part of the carbon cycle.

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(Total 8 marks)

Q12.Plant leaves have many stomata.The diagram shows a stoma.

(a) Name cell X . ………………………………………………..(1)

(b) The table shows the mean widths of the stomata at different times of the day for two

different species of plant.Species A grows in hot, dry deserts.Species B grows in the UK.


Time of day in hours

Mean width of stomata as a percentage of their maximum width

Species A Species B

0 95 5

Dark 2 86 5

4 52 6

6 6 40

8 4 92

10 2 98

Light 12 1 100

14 0 100

16 1 96

18 5 54

20 86 6

Dark 22 93 5

24 95 5

The data in the table show that species A is better adapted than species B to living in hot, dry deserts.

Explain how.

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...............................................................................................................(4)

(Total 5 marks)

Q13.A group of students investigated populations in a food chain in a garden.

The table shows the estimates of the number and biomass of some of the organisms the students found.

Organism Number in the garden

Mean mass ofeach onein grams

Biomass of populationin grams

Hedgehog 1 200 200

Slug 600 2 1200

Lettuce 60 100

(a) (i) Calculate the biomass of the lettuce population.


...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

Biomass = ................................................... grams(2)

(ii) Use your answer to part (a)(i) to complete the pyramid of biomass.

Show the biomass of the lettuce population in the garden.


Biomass of population in grams(2)

(b) The energy in the hedgehog population is much less than the energy in the slug population.

Explain why as fully as you can.

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........................................................................................................................(3)

(Total 7 marks)

Q14. The drawing shows part of a root hair cell.

(a) Use words from the list to label the parts of the root hair cell.

cell membrane cell wall cytoplasm nucleus vacuole(4)


(b) The diagram shows four ways in which molecules may move into and out of a cell. The dots show the concentration of molecules.

The cell is respiring aerobically.Which arrow, A, B, C or D represents:

(i) movement of oxygen molecules; ....................

(ii) movement of carbon dioxide molecules? ....................(2)

(c) Name the process by which these gases move into and out of the cell.

.....................................................................................................................................(1)

(Total 7 marks)

Q15. There are plans for a ‘cattle factory’ to be built in the UK.

Information about the cattle factory and traditional cattle farming in the UK is given below.


Cattle factory by Pirhan [CC BY-SA 2.0], via Flickr. Traditional cattle farming by Mat Fascione[CC-BY-SA-2.0], via Wikimedia Commons

Cattle factory

• There will be over 8 000 cows in three large sheds.

• Each cow will be milked three times a day.

• Each cow will produce about 50 litres of milk every day.

• Waste will be collected and used to produce electricity for 2 000 homes.

• Cows are kept near to each other so disease can spread easily.

Traditional cattle farming

• Most farms have between 5 and 500 cows.

• The cows spend most of the time in fields.

• Cows are milked once or twice a day.

• Each cow produces up to 20 litres of milk a day.

• The waste is used as natural fertiliser for crops.

(a) Use the information to answer the questions.

(i) Give two reasons why some people think the cattle factory is a good idea.

1 ............................................................................................................

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2 ............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................(2)

(ii) Give two reasons why some people think traditional farming is better than the cattle factory.


1 ............................................................................................................

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2 ............................................................................................................

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(b) The diagram shows what happens to 100 kJ of energy in the food eaten by a cow on a traditional farm.

By Dohduhdah (Own work) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Use your knowledge and the information in the diagram to answer this question.

Compare the transfer of energy from the food eaten by cows in the cattle factory with the energy transferred by cows on a traditional farm.

Use words from the box to complete the table.

more less the same

Energy Amount of energy transferred bycows in a cattle factory compared

with cows on a traditional farm

transferred for growth and milk

transferred in respiration


(2)(Total 6 marks)

Q16. Cells in the human body are specialised to carry out their particular function.

(a) The diagram shows a sperm cell.

The sperm cell is adapted for travelling to, then fertilising, an egg.

(i) How do the mitochondria help the sperm to carry out its function?

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...............................................................................................................(1)

(ii) The nucleus of the sperm cell is different from the nucleus of body cells.

Give one way in which the nucleus is different.

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...............................................................................................................(1)

(b) Stem cells from human embryos are used to treat some diseases in humans.

Explain why.

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........................................................................................................................(2)

(Total 4 marks)

Q17. The drawing shows the cell of a bacterium.

(a) List A gives the four structures labelled on the diagram.

List B includes information about each structure.

Draw one line from each structure in List A to the correct information about the structure in List B.

List A List B Structure Information


(4)

(b) Give two differences between an animal cell and the cell of a bacterium.

1 .....................................................................................................................

2 .....................................................................................................................(2)

(c) The diagrams show cells containing and surrounded by oxygen molecules.

Oxygen can move into cells or out of cells.


Into which cell, A, B, C or D, will oxygen move the fastest?

Write the correct letter, A, B, C or D, in the box. (1)

(d) Complete the following sentence.

Oxygen is taken into the cell by the process of .............................................(1)

(Total 8 marks)


M1.(a) (i) A = nucleus1

B = (cell) membrane1

(ii) any two from:ignore shape

• no (cell) wall

• no (large / permanent) vacuole

• no chloroplasts / chlorophyll2

(b) because high to low oxygen / concentration or down gradientallow ‘more / a lot of oxygen molecules outside’ignore along / across gradient

1

(c) a tissue1

[6]

M2. Quality of written communication: One mark for using correct scientificterms microorganisms and respiration

1

(air contains) oxygen1

(microorganisms break down human waste) by respiration (which releasescarbon dioxide)

1[3]

M3.(a) (i) A = (cell) wallignore cellulose

1

Surbiton High SchoolB = cytoplasm

1

(ii) any one from:accept has DNA instead of a nucleus, but not just has DNA

• bacterial cell / it has no nucleusallow no mitochondria

• DNA free in cytoplasmignore size

• has no vacuole / no vesiclesignore strands of DNA

1

(b) (i) yeast grows best / better / well or optimum temperature for yeast / more yeast presentallow yeast works best / better / well

1

(yeast) makes CO2 or respires / respirationallow fermentation

1

(ii) bacterium grows best / better / well / more bacteria present or optimum temperature for bacterium

ignore microorganisms / microbesallow works / respires best / better / well

1

(bacterium) makes (lactic) aciddo not allow wrong acid

1[7]

M4. (a) (i) D

(ii) A

(iii) Bfor 1 mark each

3


(b) Wfor one mark

1

M5. (a) (i) 70award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of workingallow 1 mark for 30 + 10 + 24 + 6 (with wrong answer or no answer), do not award this sum if other figure(s) are included in the addition

2

(ii) 6award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of workingaward 2 marks for correct answer to (a)(i) – 64 (ecf)award 1 mark either for 70 – 64 or answer to (a)(i) – 64 with no answer or incorrect answer

2

(b) photosynthesis.1

[5]

M6. (a) preyfor 1 mark

1

(b)

• disease

• eaten (by predators) / predators

• (over)fished / caught by fishermen

• competition for food / not enough food (for all the baby fish) / no food

(do not allow they migrate or move elsewhere)any three for 1 mark each

3[4]

M7. (a) Quality of written communication:ideas given in a sensible order

broken downgiving products (could be CO2, minerals or gas)(used by trees)

Q or Q 1


any three from:

• microorganisms / bacteria / fungi / saprotrophs

• accept saprophytes / saprobionts / detritivores (named)

• digest / break down organic matter / leaves / decompose / referencedecomposers / decay / rot

• use of enzymes / correct named example

• absorption by diffusion / active transport

• must be of breakdown products

• respiration / combustion

• release of carbon dioxide

CO2 can be used (by trees) in photosynthesisdo not accept CO2 taken in by roots

3

(b) any two from:

• warmth / suitable temperaturedo not accept heat / hot weather

• damp / water / rain / humid / moisture

• oxygen

• suitable pH2

[6]

M8. ideas that

• trees hang over the sea / grow close to the sea / on the shore – coconuts drop intothe sea. or similar (not just simply ‘spread)

• wax / fibres (trapped air) – stop the fruit sinking / provide water resistance

• water store – supply water until root reaches a supply

• nutrient store – supply nutrients/salts until root reaches supply

• hard shell – to protect from breakage on landing / to protect the embryo fromfeeding animals.

[Award maximum of 1 mark for 2 survival / spread features or 1 survival + 1 spread feature]

for ‘Fibres stop the fruit sinking’

‘Wax provides water resistance’ Award 2 marks

Surbiton High Schoolany three for 1 mark each

[3]

M9. (a) (i) (cell) membrane1

(ii) vacuole1

(b) any two from:

• (cell) wall

• chloroplast(s)ignore chlorophyll

• vacuoleignore cell sap

2

(c) diffusion1

[5]

M10. (a) large areaallow thin / large / big / flat / lightallow adaptations that cannot be seen eg internal air spaces

1

(b) (shape means that) snow falls off1

(c) protect / stop it being eaten1

(d) stores/ absorbs water (from other parts of the plant)ignore absorbs water from soil / airignore nutrients

1

M11. (a) (i) triangular pyramid with 3 layersmay be as blocks or as triangle

Surbiton High Schoolignore food chains and arrows

1

layers appropriately labelled: bean / plant

aphid,

ladybirdlabelled in food chain order must not contradict correct pyramidallow correctly labelled inverted pyramid for 2 marks

1

(ii) any two from:(for aphid / ladybird)

ignore energy

• not all digested / faeces

• loss in urine

• loss of CO2

ignore loss of CO2 from bean plant

• not all eatenif none of first 3 points given then allow waste (materials) / excretion for 1 mark

2

(b) microorganisms / microbes / bacteria / fungi / decomposers / detritivores /nameddo not accept germsallow mouldignore aphids

1

decay / breakdown / digest / decompose / rot (bean plant)ignore eat

1

respiration (of microorganisms etc / aphids)allow burning / combustion

1

carbon dioxide released (from respiration of microorganisms etc / aphids)allow carbon dioxide released / produced (from burning / combustion)

Surbiton High Schoolignore other parts of the carbon cycleignore formation of fossil fuels

1[8]

M12.(a) guard cellignore stoma / stomata

1

(b) Species A :allow converse points for species B

stomata open in dark / at night or close in light / in day1

stomata closed during warm(est) period or open when cool(er)1

heat (energy) /warmth increases evaporation / transpirationmust give explicit link between heat and transpiration

1

reduces water loss / evaporation / transpirationignore photosynthesis

1[5]

M13.(a) (i) 6000award 2 marks for correct answer irrespective of workingallow 1 mark for 60 × 100 with incorrect or no answerallow answer in table if answer line blank

2

(ii) bar width 6000 or to match answer to (a)(i)anywhere on scale ignore depth / height of bar

1

drawn below slugslabel not required

1

Surbiton High School(b) any three from:

ignore references to number / size / mass of organismsassume reference is to / of hedgehog unless stated otherwise

• respiration (by hedgehog)do not accept idea that respiration uses / produces energy

• faeces (of hedgehog) or (slug) not absorbed (by hedgehog) or (slug) not digested (by hedgehog)

• excreted / urine / urea (by hedgehog)

accept waste for 1 mark if neither faeces nor excretion point made

• not all slug (s) eaten (by hedgehogs) or some slugs eaten by other things or not all parts (of slug) eaten

ignore (some) slugs die

• movement (by hedgehog)

• heat (from hedgehog)allow appropriate references to biomass lost by these methods, rather than energy losses

3[7]

M14. (a) (cell) wall(cell) membranecytoplasmvacuole

for 1 mark each4

(b) (i) A

(ii) Bfor 1 mark each

2

(c) diffusion (reject osmosis)for 1 mark

1[7]

M15. (a) (i) any two from:

• more milk(about) 50 litres milk compared to (up to) 20 litres / 30 litres moreignore costs / profit

• electricity produced

Surbiton High School• farmers can keep more cows in the space

answers must refer to number of cows and space2

(ii) any two from:

• less stress for cow or not cruel to cow or cows havefreedom to move aroundignore references to ethical / unnatural without qualification

• crops fertilised

• less disease or disease not as easily spread2

(b) more1

lessin this order

1[6]

M16. (a) (i) release energyallow provide / supply / give energydo not accept produce / create / generate / make energydo not allow release energy for respiration

1

(ii) contain half the (number of) chromosomes or containsone set of chromosomes or contains 23 chromosomes

allow genetic information / DNA / genes / alleles instead of chromosomesaccept haploid

1

(b) any two from:

• (stem cells) are unspecialised / undifferentiatedallow description eg ‘no particular job’

• are able to become differentiatedor can form other types of cell / tissue / organ

• stem cells can / able to divide / multiply2

[4]

Surbiton High School M17. (a)

all four correct = 4 marksthree correct = 3 markstwo correct = 2 marksone correct = 1 markextra line from a statement cancels the mark

4

(b) any two from:

• nucleus

• no cell wall

• separate chromosomes2

(c) A1

(d) diffusion [8]

mis web viewq1.the diagram shows a cell. (a) (i) use words from the box to name the structures...

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