Houston Museum “Cheat Sheet”

Country Architecture/Art Notes Examples

India

*Indian architecture is rooted in ____________, ______________, and _______________. It is also a

combination of several other cultures due to historical interactions.

*Bulky columns*Tiles

*Arched windows and doors*Domes

*Sculptures (gods, humans, animals)*Friezes (sculptures above the columns)

*Mud Bricks = most common building tool*Stone

*High rising temple spires (Islamic)

India

India*Indian art mostly consists of sculptures (clay, stone or metal), pottery, paintings, and textiles (silk). *Art also has cultural and religious combinations of ______________________, __________________, ______________________, and _________________.

India

Islam

*Islamic architecture is created both with religious and worldly (secular) elements. It combines many elements of Arab, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, Chinese, and Indian architecture. *There are four main architectural types: the Mosque, the Palace, the Tomb, and the Fort. *Geometric patterns*Interlaced ornamental patterns *Repetition*Vaulted ceilings, pillars, pointed arches*No images of Muhammad or Allah!

Islam

Islam*Islamic art is filled with _____________________________________________, beautiful calligraphy, and it is forbidden to display images of Muhammad (the Prophet) or Allah (God). *Created around the 7th century in the Middle East, but it is filled with many different cultural elements*It includes calligraphy, pottery, textiles (carpets and embroidery), paintings, and glasswork

Islam

China*Traditional Chinese architecture combines wood with stone, sculptures, and decorative

carvings*Many older structures feature a “skywell” and an enclosed but open-roofed courtyard

*Architecture is influenced by ______________________, _____________________, and _________________________

China

China*Chinese art is arguably the oldest continual art form in history*Artwork includes ceramics, stone or mineral carvings, metalwork, textiles (silk), calligraphy, and ink paintings

China

Realism

*An attempt to

(nothing supernatural, implausible, or exotic).*Emphasizes the mundane, the average, and the ugly

*Began in France in the 1850s as a rejection of Romanticism

*The artists avoided any stylizing or embellishment of the subjects

*Major artists = Carracci, Pieter Bruegel, Courbet

Surrealism

*A cultural movement that began in 1920s France*Unnerving, illogical, dream-like artworks*Paintings allowed

*Major artists = Breton, Dalí, Ernst, Magritte

Pointillism

*A technique

*Developed out of Impressionism, it was created by Georges Seurat and Paul Signac in 1886*Major artists = Paul Signac, Georges Seurat, van Gogh

Cubism

*One of the most influential art movements of the 20th century*Cubism

*Uses a lot of geometric shapes and multiple perspectives*Major artists = Picasso, Braque, Cézanne, Gleizes, Metzinger

Art Deco

*Appeared in France before WWI*Affected the designs of buildings, artwork, furniture, jewelry, fashion, cars, etc. *Represented luxury,

*Major artists = Louis Vuitton, Lalique, Cartier, architects across the USA

Art Deco

Fauvism

*Fauvism comes from the French word les Fauves, which means “the wild beasts”*Early 20th century, but only lasted for a few years*Emphasized

*Major artists = Matisse, Derain, Moreau

Modernism

*Late 19th – early 20th century*Influenced by the development

*Major artists = Matisse, Frank Lloyd Wright, Picasso, Pollack

Modernism

Impressionism

*19th century France*Small brush strokes

*Major artists = Monet, Renoir, Manet, Pissarro, Cassat, Morisot, Degas

Portrait

*A painting, drawing, photograph, sculpture or other artistic representation of a person*The intent is to display the likeness, the personality and the mood of the subject*One of

MarkRothko

*Mark Rothko was an American painter of Russian Jewish descent*Defined as an “abstract expressionist” painter, he often painted surrealist works but later developed his own style into simple but colorful paintings*He changed his name from Markus Yakovlievich Rothkowitz to “____________________” out of growing anti-Semitism in the USA and Europe during the 1940s

Rienzi Museum

*The Rienzi Museum houses _______________________ _______________________________(17th - 19th centuries)*It was the home of the Mastersons, well-known patrons and collectors of European art