misra, d.c.(2009) emerging e gov challenges 2009

EMERGING EMERGING E-GOVERNANCE E-GOVERNANCE

CHALLENGESCHALLENGES 2009 2009

byby

Dr D.C.MISRADr D.C.MISRA

2© Dr D.C.Misra 2009

Delhi Regional BranchDelhi Regional BranchIndian Institute of Public Administration, New DelhiIndian Institute of Public Administration, New Delhi

Friday, February 20, 2009 (5-30 p.m.)Friday, February 20, 2009 (5-30 p.m.)


Emerging E-governance Emerging E-governance Challenges TodayChallenges Today

A Presentation by

Dr D.C.MisraE-governance Consultant

New Delhi Email: [email protected] Web: http://in.geocities.com/drdcmisra Blog: http://egov-india.blogspot.com Tel: 2245 2431 Tel/Fax: 4244 5183


Emerging E-governance Emerging E-governance Challenges TodayChallenges Today

What is proposed to be covered?What is proposed to be covered?

I. IntroductionII. Emerging E-governance Challenges 1. E-governance and Mega Trends2. E-governance and Global

Governance3. E-governance and Efficient Public

Service Delivery


What is proposed to be What is proposed to be covered?covered?

Emerging Challenges in E-governanceEmerging Challenges in E-governance

4. E-governance and Global and National League Tables

5. E-governance and Emerging New Technologies

6. E-governance and Management Information System (MIS)

7. E-governance, Knowledge Glut and its Poor Utilisation


Emerging E-governance Emerging E-governance ChallengesChallenges

8. E-governance and Search Engines9. E-governance and Semantic Web10. E-governance and Overloading

Government Websites11. E-governance and Wiki Technology

12. E-governance and Monitoring Investments


Emerging Emerging E-governance ChallengesE-governance Challenges

13. E-governance and its Capture by Private IT Companies

14. E-governance and its Legal Enablement

15. E-governance and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Electronic CRM (E-CRM)

16. E-governance and Audit17. E-governance and Open Source

Software and Hardware


Emerging E-governance ChallengesEmerging E-governance Challenges18. E-governance and Cloud Computing19. E-governance and Green Computing20. E-governance and Outsourcing21. E-governance and E-civil Service22. E-governance and Public Policy Space23. E-governance and Managerial Challenge24. E-governance and Tech- savvy PoliticosIII Conclusion: A Summing Up


I. IntroductionI. Introduction

What isComputer?


What is Computer?What is Computer?

An electronic, digital device that receives, sends, stores and

processes information.

But it is something more…….


It is a tool forIt is a tool for…….…….

Increasing efficiency and productivity

(Solow’s Paradox).



Communication and Exchange of Information

(Global Village-Marshal McLuhan).(Medium is the Message).



Augmenting intellect (Vannevar Bush)



Colllective Intelligence

(Pierre Lévy)



Social networking and Social Graph

(Facebook, MySpace, Orkut, LinkedIn,

Ryze, etc.)


Current StatusCurrent StatusThere are 1.2 billion computers

to-day. Overall global PC penetration: 165 PCs per 1,000 population worldwide (Gartner 2008)

Internet users worldwide has crossed one billion mark in December 2008 (ComScore 2009).


E-governance and GovernanceE-governance and Governance What is e-governance?

-- Application of information and communication technology (ICT) to governance

What then is governance?-- Functioning of institutions in a democratic

framework for Policy-making

Regulation Public service delivery, and

Development


E-governanceE-governanceFunctions of e-governance

1. Policy Making

2. Regulation

3. Public Service Delivery

4. Development


II. Emerging II. Emerging E-governance Challenges-1E-governance Challenges-1

I. E-governance and Mega Trends A report -

Government 2020 and the Perpetual Collaboration Mandate - has Identified Six Mega Trends which are Reshaping Governments and Societies Worldwide:

1. Changing demographics2. Accelerating globalization3. Rising environmental concerns4. Evolving societal relationships5. Growing threats to social stability and order6. Expanding impact of technology


E-governance and Mega TrendsE-governance and Mega Trends None of these mega trends is under the

control of governments On the other hand, these mega trends

influence governance and e-governance As such, e-governance is required to

align with these mega trends rather than the other way

This requires understanding the current status of governance and e-governance worldwide


Emerging Emerging E-governance Challenges -1E-governance Challenges -1

Challenge No.1

Six mega trends have been identified which are reshaping governments and societies around the world. How then to align e-governance to these mega trends?


Emerging Emerging E-governance Challenges -2E-governance Challenges -2

II. E-governance and Global Governance

There is crisis in global governance to-day. The WorldPublicOpinion.org poll of 20 nations around

the world finds that none of the national leaders on the world stage inspire wide confidence (WPO 2008).

While former US President George W. Bush was one of the least trusted leaders, no other leader--including China's Hu Jintao and Russia's Vladimir Putin--has gained a broad international base of support.

Barrack Obama has appeared on the scene but it is too early for him to show impact (First 100 days theory?)


Global Governance and 20th Global Governance and 20th Century ModelCentury Model

The 20th Century Model needs make over (Boughton and Bradford 2007)

After World War I, League of Nations (1919) set up and it failed.

After World War II, United Nations and its spcialised agencies set up and they have mixed record.

Global governance is dominated by a few developed countries

Grouping of Nations: G-10 (1962), G-5 (1970s), G-7(1980s), G-8(1990s), G-77 (1964), G-24 (1971)

The existing model needs to be changed to give due importance to developing countries.


State of E-governance 2009State of E-governance 2009 Current Scenario (February 2009)

Mixed Scenario

(a) Almost universal acceptance of e-governance(b) Many notable successes (c) Perhaps equally notable failures(d) An unprecedented information explosion(e) Heavy public investments in e-overnance(f) Waste in e-governance, and (g) Very promising e-governance research, notably

in semantic web and artificial intelligence (AI)


Loss of Confidence in Government Loss of Confidence in Government WorldwideWorldwide

At the end of the 20th century1. Loss of confidence in government

worldwide. --Visions of Governance for the Twenty-First

Century project at Harvard University found that American confidence in U.S. government has sharply declined.

-- Americans who said that they trusted the federal government to do the right thing most of the time:

1964- 75%, 1997- 25%


Loss of Confidence in Government Loss of Confidence in Government WorldwideWorldwide

--Government is not alone. Over past three decades in America, public confidence had dropped by half or more for many institutions:

--Universities: 61% to 30%; --Major companies: 55% to 21%--Medicine: 73% to 29% ;--Journalism: 29% to 14% (Nye 1999) --U.S. was not alone (Norris 1999).


E-governance as a Promising E-governance as a Promising SolutionSolution

In this environment, e-governance appeared on the

scene in mid-1990s,

and was endorsed worldwide (as a promising solution),

resulting in public investment in

e-governance


E-governance as a Promising E-governance as a Promising SolutionSolution

2. Investment in E-governance-- Worldwide IT Spend- $3.4 trillion (2008) -- USA- US$ 65 billion-- UK- GBP 14 billion-- South Africa- $ 9 billion (2007)-- India- Rs 4,000 crore Expected by 2009: Rs 10,000 crore (1 crore= 10 million)


Outstanding Achievement of E-Outstanding Achievement of E-governancegovernance

The first phase of e-government: the i(information)-government, namely, provision of information, has been an incontestable success (Lucas 2008).

However, in the second interaction phase and subsequent

transaction phase, and transformation phase (OECD), E-government is encountering serious

roadblocks.


Emerging Emerging E-governance Challenges - 2E-governance Challenges - 2

Challenge No. 2 There is crisis in global

governance to-day. How then to steer our way as sovereign states in a leaderless world?



III. E-governance and Efficient Public Service Delivery Drivers of E-governance (Politicians, Civil

Servants, Technology Vendors, Civil Society Organisations, Citizens)

Real Driver: Need for efficient public service delivery

Public services: Unproductive, dilatory and insensitive to the needs of citizens

New public management (NPM) (application of private sector model to public sector) in 1980s and 1990s also failed

Governance a key concept in international development debate (Hyden et al. 2004)


Efficient Public Service Efficient Public Service DeliveryDelivery

Challenge No. 3 How to achieve the objective of

efficient public service delivery which is not yet being successfully met by e-governance?



IV E-governance and Emerging New Technologies Governments usually trail new technologies Computing may become a utility, like electricity, in

near future Mobile telephony in developing economies is

spurring demand for m-government Fewer than 7% of legislators have even the most

basic understanding of technology in North America (Thronton 1997).

eMLA programme abondoned by the author in India.


E-governance and Emerging E-governance and Emerging New TechnologiesNew Technologies

Types of Technology Capturing Technologies Storage Technologies Processing Technologies Communications Technologies Display Technologies

Source: Hamelink (1997:3)


Emerging New TechnologiesEmerging New TechnologiesTable 1 E-governance and Selected Technological

Forecasts

1 Human knowledge exceeded by machine knowledge

2016-2020

2 All government services electronically delivered 2008-2012

3 Retirement age raised to 75 2013-2017

4 Public storage provided by local government to support social use of IT

2008-2012

5 Artificial Intelligence (AI) member of parliament 2016-2020

(Source: 2005 BT Technology Timeline)


Emerging New TechnologiesEmerging New Technologies

Challenge No.4 How to make E-governance

anticipate emergence of new technologies and respond to them quickly?



V E-governance and Global and National League Tables The last decade has seen emergence of many global and

national league tables.(a) International organizations (for example, ITU 2006, UNCTAD 2005, UNDESA 2005a, 2005b, UNESCO ORBICOM 2005 and World Bank 2006)(b) National organizations (for example, DIT 2003, 2008)(c) Universities (for example, Holzer and Kim 2005, West 2005 and WU 2005)(d) Private companies (for example, Accenture 2005, BAH 2005 and Brainbench 2005) and (e) Private organizations (for example, WEF 2006).


Global and National League Global and National League TablesTables

Challenge No.5

How can How can global and national global and national league tablesleague tables contribute to E- contribute to E-governance governance policy policy formulationformulation and and implementationimplementation??



VI E-governance and Management Information SystemTable 2 Doubling of Stock of Knowledge over Centuries

S.N. Year Stock of Knowledge Doubling of Stock

1 1 A.D 1 Unit Base Year

2 1500 A.D. 2 Units 1500 years



5 Now ? Units 1-2 years

(Source: http://www.lessons4living.com/speed.htm)


Management Information System Management Information System Reasons for Exponential Multiplication of Information

Information Explosion

Information Explosion

-Inconsumable-Intransferable-Indivisible-Accumulative

Properties of Information

-Concentration-Dispersion-Circulation-Feedback

Properties of ICTs

I ICTI


Management Information SystemManagement Information System An unprecedented information explosion has

taken place. Almost 800 MB of recorded information is

produced per person each year equivalent to about 30 feet of books for storage (SIMS 2003).

Print, film, magnetic and optical storage media produced about 5 exabytes of new information in 2002

92% of the new information was stored on magnetic media, mostly in hard disks (ibid.).

One expects policy-making in government to have vastly improved. But this has not happened.

Reason: Appropriate management information systems (MISs) have not been put in place.


Management Information System (MIS)Management Information System (MIS)

Challenge No.6

How to set up dependable management information systems (MISs) in government in the light of information explosion and other developments?



VII. E-governance and Knowledge Glut and its Poor Utilisation

Amid a great information explosion, the share of knowledge that the world puts to good use is falling.

Quah (2006) notes: “…there is one commodity in excess supply. It’s knowledge- and in the long run, the overlooked knowledge glut could be more dangerous than the many more obvious shortages.”

Invention is costly and getting costlier. Over the 20th century, the average age at which inventors

did their best work rose by six years; The average size of innovation teams grew fivefold. R&D workers and dollars now produce an ever-smaller of

patents on average. That’s why new drugs cost more than $1 billion to develop (ibid.).


Knowledge Glut and its Poor Knowledge Glut and its Poor UtilisationUtilisation

Challenge No. 7

How to resolve the emerging paradox of knowledge glut and plummeting knowledge utilization?



VIII E-governance and Overloading Government Websites

There has been an explosion of government web pages. The US .gov top-level domain, for example, accounts for 368 million

pages, according to Wagner et al. (2006). But even smaller e-government sites, such as .gov.uk (9.28 million

pages) or .gov.au (7.2 million pages) exceed the size of major company sites such as

IBM (3.93 million for ibm.com), eBay (3.14 million for ebay.com) and dwarf sites of companies such as Ford (55,700 for ford.com) or Barclays Bank (24,200 for barclays.co.uk).

Even Slovenia, a country with only 2 million citizens, maintains a vastly larger e-government website of over 380,000 pages. (ibid, p-20)

The increasing volume of e-government web pages is no indication that they are meeting the felt needs of the citizens.


Overloading Government WebsitesOverloading Government Websites

Challenge No. 8

How not to keep on overloading government websites with all sorts of information but to anticipate and meet information and/or transaction needs of the citizens quickly and in user-friendly manner?



IX E-governance and Search Engines FirstGov.gov, US Federal Government website,

went online on September 22, 2000. Its database has shot up from 8 million to 40 million

pages. To ferret out information from such huge databases,

a specialty search engine based on government databases was launched in January 2006.

It is based on “dynamic clustering” (clustering of information on the fly) and “meta search” (based on searches of other search engines).


E-governance Search EnginesE-governance Search Engines On October 17, 2006, FirstGov.gov added

new image and news search capabilities. Its search now covers government web,

images, news and FirstGov. In near future other features like RSS

feeds and blogs/vblogs may also be added. This may become a trend-setter in E-

governance for countries in South. Appropriate search capabilities are

required to be set up on E-governance websites


E-governance and Search E-governance and Search EnginesEngines

Challenge No. 9

How to set up appropriate search capabilities on E-governance websites to ferret out the required information?



X E-governance and Semantic Web

Semantic web is being promoted by W3 Consortium and Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of World Wide Web. It has now links to 10 billion pages (Shadbolt, Hall and Berners-Lee 2006).

It is “not a separate Web but an extension of the current one, in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation” (Berners-Lee, Hendler and Lassila 2001)

Governments face the difficulties of “management of too much information, created by too many heterogeneous, distributed sources.

Resulting in issues such as inconsistent terminologies, information overload and too little maintenance of outdated knowledge are only too frequent.” (Wagner et al. 2006).

One way out is to develop “semantic web” for E-governance.


Semantic Web for Semantic Web for E-governanceE-governance

Challenge No. 10

How to make use of semantic web in E-governance websites to improve the quality of the required government information?



X I E-governance and Wiki Technology Wiki (from Hawaiian word wiki wiki, meaning fast) is “ a type of

website that allows users to easily add, remove, or otherwise edit all content, very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration.” (Source: Wikipedia)

This ease of interaction and operation makes a wiki an effective tool for collaborative writing. The term wiki can also refer to the collaborative software itself (wiki engine) that facilitates the operation of such a website.” (ibid.).

First wiki was established by Ward Cunningham more than a decade back on March 25, 1995. About 1,000 public wiki communities existed as of December 6, 2004 (Turnbull, Yim and Niemann 2006).

US Federal CIO Council’s Semantic Interoperability Community of Practice (SICoP) has a wiki. NASA’s WorldWind, an open source software for viewing satellite imagery, has a wiki. Any one can suggest code modification.


Wiki Technology for E-Wiki Technology for E-governancegovernance

Challenge No. 11

How to make use of wiki technology in E-governance if public sector is constrained by resources as it is?



XII E-governance and Monitoring Investments

35% of E-governance projects in developing/transitional countries were total failures, 50% were partial failures and 15% were successes (Heeks 2003)

$23.5 million online university project in UK attracted only 900 students

Half of 200 pilot projects for online services in India works for a handful people

Abandoned $22 million e-voting project in Uganda did not work in Uganda when elections held in 2001 (Schware 2004)

$17 million shared medical systems (SMS) abandoned in mid-2000s in New Zealand and INCIS development in the New Zealand Police force at a direct cost of $100 million abandoned in 1999 (Gauld and Goldfinch 2006)


Monitoring E-governance Monitoring E-governance InvestmentsInvestments

Challenge No. 12

How to monitor investments in E-governance as serious problems of unproductive investments in E-governance have started surfacing?


Emerging Emerging E-governance Challenges - 13E-governance Challenges - 13E-governance and its Capture by Private IT Companies

Private sector technology vendors have started playing increasing role in e-governance

This raises important issues of cost and vendor lock-in, and

More important issues of security and privacy in private hands.

Popularly called public-private partnership (PPP), it has been resorted to due to three reasons:

(i) Absence of in-house expertise in government, (ii) Large size of projects, and (iii) Effective lobbying by private sector vendors for public-private partnership (PPP).


Capture of Governments by Capture of Governments by Private IT CompaniesPrivate IT Companies

Challenge No. 13

How to prevent capture of governments by private information technology (IT) companies and encourage competition so that it benefits all- the IT industry, governments and citizens?


Emerging E-governance Challenges-14Emerging E-governance Challenges-14XIV E-governance and its Legal Enablement

Cyberspace is not unfettered space, it is a highly regulated space constraining the conduct of surfers

(i) Law: The terrestrial laws regulating the cyberspace, (ii) Code: The software and hardware code which asks us to

follow a pre-determined path; Lessig (1999) calls the first code as East Coast Code, being

dictated by the U.S. Congress in Washington, D.C., and the second as West Coast Code, being dictated by the Silicon Valley,

(iii) Norms: Self-imposed regulation of the conduct by the community,

(iv) Markets: Which are places of exchange of information. Despite this mapping of cyberspace, there are many areas in e-

governance which require legal enablement.


Legal Enablement of Legal Enablement of E-governanceE-governanceChallenge No. 14

How to legally enable government-to-government (G2G) and government-to-citizen (G2C) e-governments despite problematic terrain of cyber law?



XV E-governance and CRM and E-CRM A dissatisfied customer is the norm and not an

exception in public services. Public grievance commissions (PGCs) set up in India

provide delayed redressal of the grievances. By October 2006, 113 citizens' charters, originally

introduced in United Kingdom in 1991, stood formulated by central ministries /departments/ organisations in India (DARPG 2006).

Citizen’s charters appear to have been overtaken by recently legislated Right to Information (RTI) Act 2005 in India


CRM and E-CRM in E-governanceCRM and E-CRM in E-governance Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have

complicated and have not made any significant contribution to the solution of the largely intractable problem of efficient public service delivery.

The problems of privacy/security are yet to be resolved to the satisfaction of citizens and non-citizens.

Harris (2001)’s remark that there are snakes in the virtual garden is still true.

The interactive voice response system (IVRS) is not only time-consuming but often exhausts citizen’s patience

Telephone, and not the internet, is still the best friend of a citizen as far as public services are concerned even in developed countries (Newcombe 2005).

Proper customer relationship management (CRM) and/or electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) programmes are urgently required to secure the loyalty of citizens and non-citizens to E-governance.


CRM and E-CRM in E-governanceCRM and E-CRM in E-governance

Challenge No. 15

How to put proper customer relationship management (CRM) and/or electronic customer relationship management (eCRM) programmes in place in E-governance in developing/ transitional economies?



XVI E-governance and Audit Democratic governments world over have a provision

of audit of public expenditure. Such audit, which is ex post facto, is of two types- (i)

performance audit, and (ii) financial audit. Audit requirements have to be incorporated in e-

governance projects. Lessons must be learnt from audit reports Risk factors should be taken into account while

formulating e-governance projects


Meeting Audit Requirements in Meeting Audit Requirements in E-governanceE-governance

Challenge No. 16

How to incorporate audit requirements, which are currently over-looked, in the e-governance management and learn lessons from audit reports?


Revisiting Emerging Revisiting Emerging E-governance Challenges - 17E-governance Challenges - 17XVII E-governance and Free and Open Source Software

(FOSS) and Hardware

The Cathedral and the Bazaar (Eric S. Raymond 2001)

Free (as in Freedom, not in Free Beer) (Richard Stallman 2002)

GNU/Linux/ GNU General Public License (GPL)/Copyleft (Free, modified work also free)

Creative Commons (CC) (different types) (All rights reserved to Some rights reserved)

Open Source Hardware


E-governance and Open SourceE-governance and Open Source

Advantages1. Reuse (infrastructure from existing open

source projects)2. Auditability (Ensures functionality of what

software promises to do)3. Innovation (Ideas from different

contributors)4. Fewer bugs (More people discover bugs and

fix them)5. Security (Due to open code no backdoors or

vulnerabilities)(Source: www.opensourceconnections.com)


E-governance and Open SourceE-governance and Open Source

Challenge No. 17 How to promote use of free and open

source software (FOSS) and hardware in e-governance so that better software / hardware could be had and at lesser cost?



XVIII. E-governance and Cloud ComputingTypes of Computing

1. Grid Computing2. Utility Computing3. Autonomic Computing4. Volunteer Computing5. Cloud Computing

(Source: Wikipedia)


E-governance and Cloud ComputingE-governance and Cloud Computing

Very attractive proposition for governments with small and fixed budgets (Open Cloud?)

Data stored on third party servers Risk to personal and official data Issues of liability if some thing goes

wrong (Economist 2008) Ideally suited to the field of

development


E-governance and Cloud E-governance and Cloud ComputingComputing

Challenge No. 18

How to make use of cloud computing without compromising security of personal and official data?


Emerging E-governance Challenges - 19Emerging E-governance Challenges - 19IXX Promoting Green Computing

Greenhouse gases: About 30, main ones being: CO2, CH4, CFCs and N2O, produced due to human activity.

Greenhouse gases are transparent to sunlight but absorb radiation thus causing global warming and climate change

Carbon footprint: Greenhouse gases expressed as equivalent to CO2 (kgs or tones)

Earth’s temperature rose by 0.750 C during last 100 years. It is estimated to rise by 60 C during next 100 years.


Promoting Green ComputingPromoting Green Computing ICTs were believed to be “clean” but this belief

has proved wrong. Gartner estimates that global ICT usage

accounts for approximately 2% of all global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.

This is equivalent to all CO2 emissions caused by aviation.

CO2 emissions result from the use of PCs, servers, cooling, fixed and mobile telephony, networks, office telecommunications and printers.


Promoting Green ComputingPromoting Green Computing The environment is also impacted by chemicals

and waste from the disposal of equipment, polluting the soil with cadmium and mercury.

A server often only utilizes between 5 and 15 % of its capacity to service one application.

Switching computers off at night and on weekends, energy consumption can be reduced up to 75%.

If monitors are also switched off when not being used (including lunch times, etc), and the standby options are activated, energy consumption can even be reduced up to 90 % per year. (Source: http://greenercomputing.com)


Promoting Green ComputingPromoting Green Computing Computers generate an estimated 35 million tons

of the gas each year. Each year 125 million computers are taken out of

circulation worldwide and most of these end up in landfill sites.

70% of an average company's power consumption goes to IT.

The average PC consumes 600 kWh annually. Two thirds of that electricity is wasted because most PCs are running at full power when no user is present. (Source: http://www.green-ict.com/)


Green ITGreen IT The holistic approach to environmentally friendly, sustainable

governance and management of the organization (business and IT), its processes and projects.

EIT Governance GREENIT

E-governance


Promoting Green ITPromoting Green IT

Challenge No. 19

How to promote Green Information Technology (IT) in E-governance to prevent global warming and climatic change?



XX E-governance and Outsourcing

Relationship between state and people is unique.

People have vested their power in the state.

The state cannot delegate this power to a third party under the labels of privatisation and outsourcing.


E-governance and OutsourcingE-governance and Outsourcing When those powers are delegated to

outsiders, the capacity to govern is undermined (Verkuil 2007)

A balance has to be exercised between private sector (what can be done by it) and the public sector (what has to be done by it)

It is not an either-or (private sector or public sector) situation.

You cannot outsource sovereignty. Can you?


E-governance and OutsourcingE-governance and OutsourcingChallenge No.20

With increasing privatisation and outsourcing, how to strike a balance between private sector and public sector?



XXI. E-governance and E-civil Service Emergence of E-civil Service, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Civil Service are

yet to be formally recognised This is arresting speedier development of e-

governance There is urgent need to develop guiding

principles for development of e-civil service (Misra 2008)


E-governance and E-civil E-governance and E-civil ServiceService

Challenge No.21

How to formally recognise and promote e-civil service to enable it to play a more active role in e-goverance?


Emerging E-governance Challenges - 22Emerging E-governance Challenges - 22XXII E-governance and Policy Space

E-government so far had a very successful (lucky?) policy run having been widely subscribed worldwide.

The party may, however, not last for ever. Lowi (1972) developed a fourfold typology of

public policies: (i) redistributive, (ii) distributive, (iii) regulatory, and (iv) constituent.

If results are not shown, and that too uickly, e-governance may loose support of policy makers


E-governance and Policy SpaceE-governance and Policy Space

Challenge No. 22

How to prevent degeneration of e-governance from non-partisan expert public policy space to partisan and controversial public policy space?



XXIII E-governance and Managerial Challenge

Gauld and Goldfinch (2006) propose four ‘pathological’ managerial enthusiasms:

1. Idolisation (public servants ‘idolise’ IT and see it as leading to great benefits),

2. Technophilia (More and better technology prevents or fixes problems),

3. Lomanism (Feigned or genuine belief of IT suppliers and sale staff in their company’s products), and

4. Managerial faddism (new management or structures bring benefits and prevent or fix problems).


Managerial Challenge in Managerial Challenge in E-governanceE-governance

Challenge No. 23

How to make e-government a managerial challenge and make managers face it competently by institutionalizing top management support?


Emerging E-governance Challenges - 24Emerging E-governance Challenges - 24

XXIV E-governance and Tech-Savvy Politicos Some politicos have started making use of information

technology (IT) in their political activities Barrack Obama, for example, very successfully used

information technology (IT) in his presidential campaign.

According to reports, on www.barackobama.com, more than 280,000 people created accounts, users created over 6,500 grassroots volunteer groups and organized more than 13,000 off-line events using the website and over 15,000 policy ideas were submitted through the website.

Obama has built a treasure trove of database of more than 10 million supporters. (Misra 2008)


E-governance and Tech-Savvy E-governance and Tech-Savvy PoliticosPoliticos

Challenge No. 24

How to make use of experience of information technology (IT)-based political activities in e-governance?


III A Summing UpIII A Summing Up

1 Align e-governance to emerging mega trends

5 Use global and national league tables for policy formulation

2 Steer our way as sovereign states in a leaderless world?

6 Set up management information system (MIS) in government

3 Deliver public service efficiently

7 Resolve the emerging paradox of knowledge glut and plummeting knowledge utilization?

4 Anticipate emergence of new technology

8 Provide needed information on government websites

How to


Emerging E-governance Emerging E-governance ChallengesChallenges

How to

9 Set up search on government websites

13 Prevent capture of governments by private IT companies

10 Note use of semantic web for e-governance

14 Legally enable G2G and G2C Transactions

11 Use wiki technology in e-governance

15 Set up CRM and E-CRM for e-governance

12 Monitor e-governance investments

16 Incorporate audit requirements in e-governance projects


Emerging E-governance ChallengesEmerging E-governance ChallengesHow to

17 Promote use of free and open source software (FOSS) in e-governance

21 Strike a balance between private and public sectors in outsourcing?

18 Use cloud computing without compromising security

22 Prevent degeneration of e-governance to controversial public policy space?

19 Promote green information technology (IT) in e-governance

23 Institutionalise support of policy makers to e-governance

20 Formally recognise and promote e-civil service

24 Make use of experience of online political activities in e-governance?


Your questions now ?Your questions now ?Thank you for your patience

Have A Nice Weekend!

Dr D.C.Misra, February 20, 2009

misra, d.c.(2009) emerging e gov challenges 2009

Technology

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global governance egovernance

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mega trends egovernance

wiki technology egovernance

semantic web egovernance

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state of e