mislecturenotes99fall01lecture01
TRANSCRIPT
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Management Information Systems90-728
Heinz School for Public Policy and
ManagementFall Semester 1999
Instructor: Michael P. Johnson
Teaching Assistants: Dana Berger, Cordell Carter, KarthikChandrasekar, Robin Groce, Ruth Kolb, Shawn
McClory (Head TA), Gersande Ringenbach, Qiu Yang
(grader)
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Course Goals and Topics
Course Goals:
Be able to design information systems at the conceptual level using a
variety of models
Self-learn and effectively use a suite of software packages
Learn methods to determine users' information requirements
Use a team approach to build a real database application Be able to make concrete assessments and recommendations for
public-sector IS acquisition, development and deployment
Course Topics:
IS overview: conceptual foundations, hardware, software, Internet
Database design and implementation
Systems analysis and design life-cycle, including project management
Web authoring and web-enabled database applications
IS policy issues and system implementation in the public sector
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Class Meeting Times and Texts
Meeting Times Lecture: Tuesday 2:00 PM - 3:30 PM Room 1000 HbH
Labs: Thursday 2:00 PM - 3:20 PM (A), 11:00 AM - 12:20 (B), 3:30
PM - 4:50 PM (C) Room A100 HbH
Workshops: Friday 9:30 AM - 10:50 AM (A), 11:00 AM - 12:20 PM
(B), 12:30 PM - 1:50 PM (C) Room A100 HbH Discussion Sessions: days, times and rooms TBA
TA Office Hours: days, times and rooms TBA
Texts
Microsoft Access 2000 Step by Step
Microsoft FrontPage 98 Illustrated Standard Edition
Photocopied readings (available from Prof. Johnsons administrative
assistant, Connie Lucas, for $29)
Lecture notes and handouts
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Course Policies and Guidelinesy Grading:
Homework (8) - 20%Exam 1 (in-class) - 25%
Exam 2 (in lab) - 25%
Class project - 30%
y Group consultation is encouraged but all submitted work must be original
y Course information, data, updates and announcements on: Web site http://www.andrew.cmu.edu/course/90-728/
Electronic bulletin board (b-board) org.heinz.90-728
Heinz LAN directory r:\academic\90728
personal e-mail
y If you have questions: Check the electronic resources
Consult with the TAs (discussion sessions, office hours, or e-mail)
Ask the professor (office hours, by appointment, or e-mail)
y Always backup your work, whether done at home or in computer lab!
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Information Systems Fundamentals
An Information System is a set of (primarily) electroniccomponents that collect, analyze and disseminate data and
information to meet an objective.
Data: raw facts, e.g. text, image, audio, video. By itself, data
cannot help us make decisions
Information: aggregation, analysis and selection of data that
enables organizations to meet objectives. Some characteristics
of information:
accurate
reliable
relevant
verifiable
valuable
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Information Systems Fundamentals (contd)
System: a collection of elements or components that
interact to accomplish goals. Composed of:
Inputs
Processing mechanisms
Outputs Feedback/assessment
Many processes, whether or not they have a significant IS
component, can be viewed assystems:
Personnel management
University admissions
Production and inventory management
Criminal justice system
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Information Systems Fundamentals (contd)
Organizations may be classifiedaccording to the systems they
employ:
Simple vs. complex
Open vs. closed
Stable vs. dynamic Adaptive vs. nonadaptive
Permanent vs. temporary
System performance can be measuredalong three dimensions:
Efficiency
Effectiveness
Equity (fairness)
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Information Systems Fundamentals (contd)
Systems are designed, implemented and managed using models:abstractions of reality that allow us to apply principles assumed
to hold true for many different systems
Model types:
Narrative model, e.g. verbal descriptions of model features, goals,
resources
Physical model, e.g. prototypes, mock-ups
Schematic model, e.g. graphs and flowcharts
Mathematical, e.g. equations and relations
All models are based on assumptions, e.g. market conditions,legal restrictions, physical performance limitations. Assumptions
must be well-known and consistent
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Information Systems Components
Inputs: raw data
May be physical, electronic or conceptual
May use a manual or automated process
Processing: conversion of inputs to outputs
May be comprised of computations, data storage, choosing alternatives
May be a manual or automated process
Outputs: information used to make decisions
May be delivered in paper form or electronically
Outputs of one system may be inputs to another system
Feedback/assessment: outputs used to improve systemperformance
Can flag for incorrect processing
Cue for managerial interventions
Supply estimates of future input values (forecasting)
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Computer-BasedIS Components Hardware, computer equipment used for
input processing outputs
Software, computer programs that run on hardware: systems software applications software
Databases: specialized applications software designed to
organize data and information on an organizations operations
Infrastructure: equipment designed to link hardware across
space:
telecommunications networks Internet
People: IS personnel and users
Procedures: rules for developing and using the IS
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Business Information Systems Transaction processing: automation of routine, labor-intensive
processes payroll customer purchases accounts payable
Transaction processing systems have historically been mainframe-
based, often run in batch, using older, less flexible technology. E-commerce: commercial transactions conducted electronically
business-to-business business-to-consumer public sector-to-business
public sector-to-customerValue of E-commerce is estimated at $434 billion, with about
20% of total devoted to business-to-customer transactions
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Business Information Systems (contd)
Management information systems: collection of people,procedures, software, hardware and databases designed to
generate information for management decisions about
organization strategy. MISs may comprise: Marketing MIS
Financial management MIS Operations MIS Transaction processing systems
Decision support systems: an MIS intended to address specific,
complex decision problems requiring interaction of managerial
and machine expertise. Composed of: Database Models User interface Reporting
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MIS Demo: Workforce TrainingInformation
System (Fall 1998) Policy context
Increase in spending on local constuction
Need to remedy lack of minority participation in construction
Increased govt funding for organizations that can show positive
results from job training programs Desired features
Registration information on all program participants
Assignment of participants to training program classes
Recording personal and class outcomes
Implementation
Relational database application using Microsoft Access97
Web pages describing project teams, problem and solution using
Microsoft FrontPage98 (http://pirate.heinz.cmu.edu)
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Information System Development
Analysis and Design problem definition
justification of solution approach
system requirements
project team
conceptual application model
Implementation Prototyping
Large-scale development
Testing
Deployment
Maintenance and Review Evaluation of delivered product
Customer support
Upgrades
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