mis (it for managers)

7/29/2019 MIS (IT for managers)

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MODULE 1

FOUNDATION CONCEPTS


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DATA

Unorganized & unprocessed facts

Statement about reality, unsorted bits of facts

Prerequisite to information

Representation of a fact, number, word, image, picture or

sound


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INFORMATION

It has meaning, purpose and relevance.

It has shape because it is organized.

Information has a TIME VALUE.

Information improves representation entity.

It updates level of knowledge.

It is value added data.


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ATTRIBUTESOF INFORMATION

Accuracy in representation

Form of representation

Frequency of reporting

Scope of reporting

Scope of collection

Time Scale

Relevance to decision making


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DIFFERENCEBETWEEN DATA & INFORMATION

Data Latin 'datum' meaning "that which is given"

Data plural, datum singular.

Facts, statistics used for reference or analysis.

Numbers, characters, symbols, images etc., which can be processed by acomputer.

Data must be interpreted, by a human or machine, to derive meaning

"Data is a representation of information" *

Information

Knowledge derived from study, experience (by the senses), or instruction. Communication of intelligence.

"Information is any kind of knowledge that is exchangeable amongst people,

about things, facts, concepts, etc., in some context."

"Information is interpreted data"


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INFORMATIONASA RESOURCE

There are six inherent characteristics of information

as a resource: Expandable

Compressible

Substitutable

Transportable

Diffusive

Shareable


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SYSTEM

A system

Is a set of interrelated components

With a clearly defined boundary

Working together to achieve a common set of objectives


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INFORMATION SYSTEMS

An organized combination of People

Hardware

Software

Communications networks Data resources

Policies and procedures

That stores, retrieves, transforms, and disseminates

information in an organization


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COMPONENTS OF IS

Input capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be

processed

Processing transformation steps that convert input into output

Output transferring elements that have been produced by a

transformation process to their ultimate destination

Feedback data about the performance of a system

Control monitoring and evaluating feedback to determine whether a

system is moving toward the achievement of its goal


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Components


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IS RESOURCES

People end users and IS specialists

Hardware physical devices and materials used in information

processing including computer systems, peripherals, and media

Software sets of information processing instructions including

system software, application software and procedures

Data facts or observations about physical phenomena or business

transactions

Network communications media and network infrastructure


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IS RESOURCES


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FUNDAMENTALROLESOF IS APPLICATIONSIN

BUSINESS

Support of its business processes and

operations.

Support of decision making by its employees

and managers.

Support of its strategies for competitiveadvantage.


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TRENDSIN IS

1. Data processing: 1950s 1960s

Electronic data processing systems

Transaction processing, record keeping, and traditionalaccounting applications.

2. Management reporting: 1960s 1970s

Management information systems

Management reports of pre specified information tosupport decision making


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TRENDS CONT

3. Decision support: 1970s 1980s Decision support systems

4. Strategic and User Support: 1980s 1990s End user computing systems

Executive information systems

Expert systems

Strategic information systems


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TRENDS CONT

5. Electronic Business and Commerce: 1990s till date

Internet based e-business and e-commerce systems.

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