Mirror Mirror… When and Where???

By: Ashley, Megan, and Sam

Purpose • By the end of the presentation you should

have learned: – Persecuting Jews has been around since

the ancient times. – Genocide does not happen over night. – If one thing happens, it does affect

future events.• Main Message: Each event connects to a

time and a place therefore causes a ripple in the water, that is history

Anti-Semitism means prejudice against Jews. People who are anti-Semites do not want anything to with Jewish people. They do not buy things from Jewish stores, or associate with them.

Anti-Semitism has been around since the ancient times. If you were a slave you could not become a roman citizen. If you were a Jew in the middle ages you were forced to live in a walled ghetto. At the outbreak of the plague in 1348, you were accused of poisoning the water. If you were a German Jew in 1879, you were considered a slave race. In 1881, if you were a Russian Jew, organized attacks caused you and many others injuries and death.

In 1923, Adolf Hitler was sent to prison. He used his prison time to write, My Struggle, a book filled with his plans for the creation of the Nazi party. Upon his release, Hitler began preaching the philosophy of Nazism, which leads to the Holocaust.

A History of Hate

September 1935: Nuremburg Rally

June 1937: Soviet leader Joseph S. begins purge of Red Army Guards.

May 1940: Auchwitz Concentration Camp is established.

January 1939: Hitler makes speech to the Reichstag.

June 1941: Germany invades Soviet Union.

March 1942: Belzec killing center opens.

October 1940: Establishment of the Warsaw Ghetto.

January 1942: Wanasee Conference takes place.

April 1945: Hitler commits suicide.

July 1942: First deportations from Warsaw ghetto to Treblinka.

January 1943: Roosevelt and Churchill meet at Casablanca.

February 1943: The beginning of the end for the White Rose…

May 1940:

The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was the largest of its kind established by the Nazi regime. It included three main camps, all of which deployed incarcerated prisoners at forced labor. One of them also functioned for an extended period as a killing center. The camps were located approximately 37 miles west of Krakow, near the prewar German-Polish border in Upper Silesia, an area that Nazi Germany annexed in 1939 after invading and conquering Poland. The SS authorities established three main camps near the Polish city of Oswiecim: Auschwitz I in May 1940; Auschwitz II, also called Auschwitz-Birkenau ,in early 1942; and Auschwitz III, also called Auschwitz-Monowitz in October 1942.

October

1940:

Ghettos isolated Jews by separating Jewish communities from the non-Jewish population and from other Jewish communities. There were three types of ghettos, closed ghettos, open ghettos, and destruction ghettos. The largest ghetto in Poland was the Warsaw Ghetto, where more than 500,000 Jews were crowded into an area of 1.3 square miles. Established in October 1940, the Ghetto was surrounded by a wall. Nearly 45,000 Jews died there in 1941 alone, due to over-crowding, forced labor, lack of sanitation, starvation, and disease. A revolt took place in the Ghetto in April 1943, when the Germans, commanded by General Jrgen Stroop, attempted to raze the Ghetto and deport the remaining inhabitants to Treblinka. The uprising, lasted 28 days.

June 1941:

On June 22, 1941 Germany started Operation Barbarossa—invasion of the Soviet Union. The Germans were heading for a fast victory but then they started making mistakes. Hitler's generals wanted to capture Moscow before the winter started but Hitler ordered the German army to wait until new forces came in. This gave the Soviets time to strengthen their army. By December 1941, the Germans had surrounded Leningrad. But then a harsh winter set in early and temperatures dropped. German troops did not have enough clothing and they suffered from frostbite. The Russians started a counterattack and the German army had to retreat. Although Hitler had lost many soldiers and a lot of Russian territory his army was still strong enough to continue fighting. In August Hitler attacked Stalingrad. It was the biggest battle of World War II. After losing more than 200,000 men the German army surrendered at the end of January 1943.

March 1942:

Belzec was one of the six Nazi death camps in German-occupied Poland, situated in the southwest corner of the country on the Lublin–Lviv railway line. Between March and December 1942, close to half a million Jews were killed in its gas chambers by the German SS and their collaborators. During the ten months of its operation, Belzec was the most lethal of all Nazi camps established in occupied Poland. The overwhelming number of those murdered there came from Lublin and surrounding areas as well as from the provinces of Cracow, Lvov, Stanislav (Stanislawow), and Tarnopol . Victims also included Jews from Austria, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Once the Nazis concluded that all the Jewish communities of Galicia had been destroyed, they dismantled the death camp and tried to remove all traces of their crime.

April 1945:

On April 29th, Hitler learned that Berlin would receive no more troops and that the city would be lost to the Russians. General Weidling in charge of defending Berlin, believed that his men should stopt due to their ammo running out. Though it’s least likely that Adolf Hitler had considered suicide, these two facts moved pushed him. Hitler had also learned that Mussolini (fascist dictator) had been shot and hanged, along with his wife, in public. Hitler had decided that such humiliation would not happen to him. On April 30th, Hitler gave very clear instructions to his personal aide, Otto Gunsche, that both his and his wife’s body should be burned. After lunch, Hitler and Eva Hitler met his inner circle in the ante-room chamber of his Führerbunker and said their farewells. Gunsche and Linge wrapped their bodies and carried it to the Reich Chancellery garden. Both bodies were laid near to the bunker’s exit, drenched in petrol, and set ablaze.

January1939:

The Reichstag is a historical structure in Berlin. It officially opened in 1894, the building served as the seat of the Reichstag until 1993 when fire broke out. During the Nazi period, members met elsewhere as a substitute for the time being. The building was partially renovated in the 1960s, but full repair, under Norman Foster, was carried out after the reunification of Germany in 1990.

Purpose:• firm commitment to public

accessibility• Historical monument• democratic forum• environmental agenda

It is the main legislature of the German state under the Second and Third Reichs.

June 1937

The Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization also known as the "Military Case” was a secret trial of the Red Army, and a part of the Great Purge. The Red Army was the nickname for the Soviet army (whom favors the color red). The Great Purge is a term for a series of cruel acts done by the S.U. in the late 1930s. Defendants of the trail included those accused of secretly helping the Nazis, and performing acts of anti-communism. General Tukhachevsky was arrested on May 22 along with seven other Red Army commanders who were accused of espionage for the Nazis (based on confessions obtained from a number of other arrested officers)..

The Soviet Union might be gone but the spirit of the Red Army,

and its highest reward, the Red Star live on.

(symbol of communism)

January 1943

On January 14, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin Roosevelt met in Casablanca, Morocco, along with the Combined Chiefs of Staff, to focus on military strategies and study the next segment of the war. This conference marked the first time an American president left American soil during wartime. On the last day of the conference, Roosevelt declared that he and Churchill had decided that to confirm postwar peace was to approve a policy of unconditional surrender.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

Winston Churchill

September 1935

• Also known as the "Rally of Freedom“ the Nuremburg Rally was primarily a propaganda event, carefully planned to reinforce party enthusiasm and to display the power of National Socialism to the rest of Germany and the world.

• The Leni Riefenstahl film Tag der Freiheit: Unsere Wehrmacht was made at this rally. The “play” shows an artificial battle staged by German troops on German Armed Forces Day 1935. The camera follows the soldiers from their morning preparations in their tent as they march singing to the thousands of spectators. It ends with a montage of Nazi flags to the tune of the “Deutschlandlied" and German planes flying in a swastika formation.

• Nuremburg Laws were introduced.

January

1942On January, 20, 1942, Reinhard Heydrich, Himmler's second in command of the SS, convened the Wannsee Conference in Berlin with 15 top Nazi bureaucrats to coordinate the Final Solution (Endlösung) in which the Nazis would attempt to exterminate the entire Jewish population of Europe, an estimated 11 million persons. "Europe would be combed of Jews from east to west," Heydrich stated.The minutes of that meeting have been preserved but were edited by Heydrich substituting the coded language Nazis used when referring to lethal actions to be taken against Jews.

Wannsee Conference Document(beginning)

• Stamp: Top Secret• 30 copies

16th copy• Minutes of the Conference• I.• The following were in attendance in Berlin, am Grossen Wannsee No. 56/58 on 20

January 1942 concerning the Final Solution of the Jewish Question..• II.• At the beginning of the discussion Chief of the Security Police and of the SD, SS-

Obergruppenführer Heydrich, reported that the Reich Marshal had appointed him delegate for the preparations for the final solution of the Jewish question in Europe and pointed out that this discussion had been called for the purpose of clarifying fundamental questions. The wish of the Reich Marshal to have a draft sent to him concerning organizational, factual and material interests in relation to the final solution of the Jewish question in Europe makes necessary an initial common action of all central offices immediately concerned with these questions in order to bring their general activities into line.

February1943

The White Rose was a group of young activists against Semitism. It was originated by three young people; Sophie and Hans Scholl, and Christophe Probst in the University of Munich. They wrote leaflets about Hitler’s doing and that no one should follow the anti- Semitism way. Throughout the University the leaflets were posted and copies began to appear throughout the city. In February 1943 they had brought stacks of leaflets to the University and distributed them. Having some left they went to the Atrium of the University and flung them in the. A janitor had seen them and called the Gestapo who took Hans, Sophie, and Christopher custody. In trial in the People’s Court they were found guilty of treason and sentenced to death. Three days after the they were executed by guillotine. The Gestapo then continued their investigation for others who had contributed to the White Rose.

July 1942

Between July and September 1942, German police units deported approx. 300,000 Jews from the Warsaw ghetto to the Treblinka II extermination camp. They forced Jews to march to the Umschlagplatz (concentration point) where they were to board freight cars bound for Malkinia. When the trains arrived, they were diverted onto a path to Treblinka. The Treblinka II killing center was located near the Polish village of Wolka Okraglik. The Germans built a rail spur that led from Treblinka I, to Treblinka II which also connected to the Malkinia station. The site of the killing center was heavily wooded and hidden from view. Branches were woven into the barbed-wire fence and trees were planted around the perimeter to block any view into the camp. Watchtowers were also placed along the fence.

1. Notice how Hitler took Anti-Semitism to a new level, (Genocide).

2. Soon after Auschwitz concentration camp was established, Warsaw ghetto was opened.

3. After Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor, laws were passed that Jews were not citizens.

Patterns

Concentration Camps & Death Camps

Notice how all the death camps are located in Poland.

Cause and Effect Relationships

• Since no one stopped the Nuremburg Laws, Jews were no longer citizens.

• Due to Jewish deportation, their end resulted in death camps, and gas chambers.

• When Hitler became chancellor of Germany, the Nazi party is invented ultimately ending many Jewish lives.

Actions & Inactions • If bystanders had not watched the

deportations of Jews, they could of saved many lives.

• If rescuers did not save many lives, a lot more lives would have been loss.

• If perpetrators did not persecute the Jews, many lives could have been save.

Bibliography– Voices of the Holocaust by Julie A. Schumacher copyright 2000

• http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0003_0_02382.html

• http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005191 • http://www.english-online.at/history/world-war-2/operation-barbarossa-and-t

he-battle-of-stalingrad.htm• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/death_of_adolf_hitler1.htm• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AFhwwgL-94• http://www.gothereguide.com/reichstag-place/• http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case_of_Trotskyist_Anti-Soviet_Military_Organization• http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005413• http://sp.uconn.edu/~wwwcoh/TIMELINE.HTM• http://

www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roosevelt-and-churchill-begin-casablanca-conference

• http://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/Casablanca• http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/422665/Nurnberg-Rally

MLA• . "Belzec." jewishvirtuallibrary.org. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013.

<http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0003_0_02382.html>.

• . "Belzec." ushmm.org. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005191 >.

• . "Operation Barbarossa - The German Invasion of the Soviet Union ." english-online.at. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.english-online.at/history/world-war-2/operation-barbarossa-and-the-battle-of-stalingrad.htm>.

• . "The Death of Adolf Hitler." History Learning Site. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/death_of_adolf_hitler1.htm>.

• . "Adolf Hitler speech to the Reichstag 1939-01-30 ." YouTube. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4AFhwwgL-94>.

• . "Reichstag - Reichstag information and pictures." Go There Guide. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.gothereguide.com/reichstag-place/>.

• . "Deportations to and from the Warsaw Ghetto." Holocaust Encyclopedia. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005413>.

• . "Timeline of Selected Events 1931-1945." Voices from the Second World War . N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://sp.uconn.edu/~wwwcoh/TIMELINE.HTM>.

• . "Roosevelt and Churchill begin Casablanca Conference." This Day In History. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/roosevelt-and-churchill-begin-casablanca-conference>.

• . "Milestones: 1937-1945." U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE OFFICE of the HISTORIAN. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/Casablanca>.

• . "Nürnberg Rally." Bitanica. N.p.. Web. 23 Jan 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/422665/Nurnberg-Rally>.