FIRST DIVISION JOSEC. MIRANDA, ALBERTOP.DALMACIO, and ROMEO B. OCON,Petitioners, - versus - VIRGILIO M. TULIAO,Respondent.G.R. No. 15876 Present: PANGANIBAN, C.J.Chairperson,YNARES-SANTIAGO,AUSTRIA-MARTINE,CA!!E"O, SR., andC#ICO-NAARIO, JJ. Pro$%&'ated: Mar(h )*, +,,-.- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. / E C I S I O N C#ICO-NAARIO, J.: This is a petition 0or re1ie2 on certiorari %nder R%&e 34 o0 the R%&es o0 Co%rt, assai&in'the *5 /e(e$6er +,,+ /e(ision7*8 o0 the Co%rt o0 Appea&s in CA-G.R. SP No. -999, and its *+"%ne +,,) Reso&%tion den:in' petitioners Motion 0or Re(onsideration.The dispositi1e portion o0the assai&ed de(ision reads as 0o&&o2s: ;#ERE%risdi(tion o1er his personthat an a((%sed $a: in1o=e the pro(esses o0 the (o%rt @Pete M. Pico vs. Alfonso V.Combing, "r., A.M. No. RT"-C*-9-3, No1e$6er -, *CC+A. Th%s, an a((%sed $%st0irst 6e p&a(ed in the (%stod: o0 the &a2 6e0ore the (o%rt $a: 1a&id&: a(t on hispetition 0or >%di(ia& re&ie0s.7)8 Pro(eedin' 0ro$ this pre$ise, the Co%rt o0 Appea&s r%&ed that petitionersMiranda, O(on and /a&$a(io (annot see= an: >%di(ia& re&ie0 sin(e the: 2ere not :et arrested orother2isedepri1edo0 their &i6ert:at theti$e the:0i&edtheir Ur'ent Motionto(o$p&etepre&i$inar: in1esti'ationB to rein1esti'ateB to re(a&& andFor E%ash 2arrants o0 arrest.738 Petitioners(o%nterthe0indin'o0theCo%rt o0 Appea&s6:ar'%in'that >%risdi(tiono1ertheperson o0 the a((%sed is reE%ired on&: in app&i(ations 0or 6ai&. %risdi(tion o1er their person is reE%ired 6e0ore the (o%rt (an a(t on their$otiontoE%ashthe2arrant 0ortheirarrest, s%(h>%risdi(tiono1ertheirperson2asa&read:a(E%ired 6: the (o%rt 6: their 0i&in' o0 the a6o1e Ur'ent Motion. In ar'%in' that >%risdi(tion o1er the person is reE%ired on&: in the ad>%di(ation o0 app&i(ations 0or6ai&, petitioners E%ote Retired Co%rt o0 Appea&s "%sti(e Os(ar #errera: E.(ept in app&i(ations 0or 6ai&, it is not ne(essar: 0or the (o%rt to 0irst a(E%ire>%risdi(tiono1er thepersono0thea((%sedtodis$issthe(aseor'rant otherre&ie0. The o%tri'ht dis$issa& o0 the (ase e1en 6e0ore the (o%rt a(E%ires>%risdi(tion o1er the person o0 the a((%sed is a%thoriDed %nder Se(tion -@aA, R%&e**+o0 the Re1isedR%&es o0 Cri$ina& Pro(ed%re andthe Re1isedR%&es onS%$$ar:Pro(ed%re @Se(. *+aA. In Allado vs. Diokno (232 SCRA 192), the(ase2as dis$issed on $otion o0 the a((%sed 0or &a(= o0 pro6a6&e (a%se 2itho%t thea((%sed ha1in' 6een arrested. In Paul Roberts vs. Court of Appeals (2! SCRA3"#), the Co%rt 2as ordered to ho&d the iss%an(e o0 a 2arrant o0 arrest in a6e:an(ependin' re1ie2 6: the Se(retar: o0 "%sti(e. And in $a%son vs. &'e%utiveSe%retar((3"1SCRA1"2455), theCo%rt orderedthe(asetrans0erred0ro$theSandi'an6a:an to the RTC 2hi(h e1ent%a&&: ordered the dis$issa& o0 the (ase 0or&a(= o0 pro6a6&e (a%se.7-8 In ar'%in', on the other hand, that >%risdi(tion o1er their person 2as a&read: a(E%ired 6: their0i&in' o0 the a6o1e Ur'ent Motion,petitioners in1o=e o%r prono%n(e$ent, thro%'h"%sti(e %risdi(tion o1er the person o0 the a((%sed.758 C%stod: o0 the &a2 is a((o$p&ished either 6: arrestor 1o&%ntar: s%rrender,7C8 2hi&e >%risdi(tion o1er the person o0 the a((%sed is a(E%ired %pon hisarrest or 1o&%ntar: appearan(e.7*,8 One (an 6e %nder the (%stod: o0 the &a2 6%t not :et s%6>e(t tothe>%risdi(tiono0the(o%rt o1erhisperson, s%(has2henapersonarrested6:1irt%eo0a2arrant 0i&es a $otion 6e0ore arrai'n$ent to E%ash the 2arrant. On the other hand, one (an 6es%6>e(t to the >%risdi(tion o0 the (o%rt o1er his person, and :et not 6e in the (%stod: o0 the &a2,s%(h as 2hen an a((%sed es(apes (%stod: a0ter his tria& has (o$$en(ed.7**8 Bein' in the (%stod:o0 the &a2 si'ni0ies restraint on the person, 2ho is there6: depri1ed o0 his o2n 2i&& and &i6ert:,6indin' hi$ to 6e(o$e o6edient to the 2i&& o0 the &a2.7*+8 C%stod: o0 the &a2 is &itera&&: (%stod:o1er the 6od: o0 the a((%sed. It in(&%des, 6%t is not &i$ited to, detention. The state$ent in Pico v. Judge Combong# Jr.#7*)8 (ited 6: the Co%rt o0 Appea&s sho%&d not ha1e6eenseparated0ro$theiss%einthat (ase, 2hi(histheapp&i(ation0orad$issionto6ai& o0so$eone not :et in the (%stod: o0 the &a2. The entire para'raph o0 o%r prono%n(e$entin Pico reads: A personapp&:in'0orad$issionto6ai& $%st 6einthe(%stod:o0the&a2orother2ise depri1ed o0 his &i6ert:. A person 2ho has not s%6$itted hi$se&0 to the>%risdi(tion o0 the (o%rt has no ri'ht to in1o=e the pro(esses o0 that(o%rt. Respondent "%d'esho%&dha1edi&i'ent&:as(ertainedthe2herea6o%tso0theapp&i(ant andthathe indeedhad >%risdi(tiono1er the6od:o0the a((%sed6e0ore (onsiderin' the app&i(ation 0or 6ai&.7*38 ;hi&e 2e stand 6: o%r a6o1e prono%n(e$ent in Pico inso0ar as it (on(erns 6ai&, 2e (&ari0: that,as a'enera& r%&e, one2hosee=s ana00ir$ati1ere&ie0 is dee$edtoha1es%6$ittedtothe>%risdi(tion o0 the (o%rt.7*48 As 2e he&d in the a0ore(ited (ase o0 Santiago, see=in' an a00ir$ati1ere&ie0 in (o%rt, 2hether in (i1i& or (ri$ina& pro(eedin's, (onstit%tes 1o&%ntar: appearan(e. Pico dea&s2ithanapp&i(ation0or6ai&, 2herethereisthespe(ia& reE%ire$ent o0theapp&i(ant 6ein' in the (%stod: o0 the &a2.In $eliciano v. Pasicolan,7*-8 2e he&d that 7t8he p%rposeo0 6ai& is tose(%reones re&easeandit 2o%&d6ein(on'r%o%s to'rant 6ai& toone2hois0ree. Th%s, 6ai& is the se(%rit: reE%ired and 'i1en 0or the re&ease o0 a person 2ho is in the (%stod:o0 &a2. The rationa&e 6ehind this spe(ia& r%&e on 6ai& is that it dis(o%ra'es and pre1ents resort tothe 0or$er perni(io%s pra(ti(e 2herein the a((%sed (o%&d >%st send another in his stead to post his6ai&,2itho%tre(o'niDin' the>%risdi(tiono0the (o%rt6:hispersona& appearan(ethereinand(o$p&ian(e 2ith the reE%ire$ents there0or.7*98 There is, ho2e1er, an e.(eption to the r%&e that 0i&in' p&eadin's see=in' a00ir$ati1e re&ie0(onstit%tes voluntary appearance, and the (onseE%ent s%6$ission o0 ones person to the>%risdi(tiono0 the(o%rt. This isinthe(aseo0 p&eadin's 2hosepra:er ispre(ise&:0or thea1oidan(eo0 the>%risdi(tiono0 the(o%rt, 2hi(hon&:&eads toa special appearance. Thesep&eadin's are: @*A in civil cases, $otions to dis$iss on the 'ro%nd o0 &a(= o0 >%risdi(tion o1er theperson o0 the de0endant, 2hether or not other 'ro%nds 0or dis$issa& are in(&%dedB7*58 @+Ain criminal cases, $otions to E%ash a (o$p&aint on the 'ro%nd o0 &a(= o0 >%risdi(tion o1er theperson o0 the a((%sedB and @)A $otions to E%ash a 2arrant o0 arrest. The 0irst t2o are(onseE%en(es o0 the 0a(t that 0ai&%re to 0i&e the$ 2o%&d (onstit%te a 2ai1er o0 the de0ense o0 &a(=o0 >%risdi(tion o1er the person. The third is a (onseE%en(e o0 the 0a(t that it is the 1er: &e'a&it: o0the (o%rt pro(ess 0or(in' the s%6$ission o0 the person o0 the a((%sed that is the 1er: iss%e in a$otion to E%ash a 2arrant o0 arrest. To re(apit%&ate 2hat 2e ha1e dis(%ssed so 0ar, in (ri$ina& (ases, >%risdi(tion o1er the person o0the a((%sed is dee$ed 2ai1ed 6: the a((%sed 2hen he 0i&es an: p&eadin' see=in' an a00ir$ati1ere&ie0, e.(ept in (ases 2hen he in1o=es the spe(ia& >%risdi(tion o0 the (o%rt 6: i$p%'nin' s%(h>%risdi(tion o1er his person. There0ore, in narro2(ases in1o&1in' spe(ia& appearan(es, ana((%sed (an in1o=e the pro(esses o0 the (o%rt e1en tho%'h there is neither >%risdi(tion o1er theperson nor (%stod: o0 the &a2. #o2e1er, i0 a person in1o=in' the spe(ia& >%risdi(tion o0 the (o%rtapp&ies 0or 6ai&, he $%st 0irst s%6$it hi$se&0 to the (%stod: o0 the &a2. In (ases not in1o&1in' the so-(a&&ed spe(ia& appearan(e, the 'enera& r%&e app&ies, i.e., the a((%sedis dee$ed to ha1e s%6$itted hi$se&0 to the >%risdi(tion o0 the (o%rt %pon see=in' a00ir$ati1ere&ie0. Not2ithstandin' this, there is no reE%ire$ent 0or hi$ to 6e in the (%stod: o0 the &a2. The0o&&o2in' (ases 6est i&&%strate this point, 2here 2e 'ranted 1ario%s re&ie0s to a((%sed 2ho 2erenot in the (%stod: o0 the &a2, 6%t 2ere dee$ed to ha1e p&a(ed their persons %nder the >%risdi(tiono0the(o%rt. Notethat noneo0these(asesin1o&1etheapp&i(ation0or6ai&, nora$otiontoE%ash an in0or$ation d%e to &a(= o0 >%risdi(tion o1er the person, nor a $otion to E%ash a 2arranto0 arrest:*. In Allado v. %io&no,7*C8 on the pra:er o0 the a((%sed in a petition 0or (ertiorari on the'ro%nd o0 &a(= o0 pro6a6&e (a%se, 2e iss%ed a te$porar: restrainin' order en>oinin'PACC 0ro$ en0or(in' the 2arrant o0arrestandtherespondent>%d'etherein0ro$0%rther pro(eedin' 2ith the (ase and, instead, to e&e1ate the re(ords to %s. +. In 'oberts# Jr. v. Court of Appeals,7+,8 %pon the a((%seds Motion to S%spendPro(eedin's and to #o&d in A6e:an(e Iss%an(e o0 ;arrants o0 Arrest on the 'ro%ndthat the:0i&edaPetition0orRe1ie22iththe/epart$ent o0"%sti(e, 2edire(tedrespondent >%d'e therein to (ease and desist 0ro$ 0%rther pro(eedin' 2ith the (ri$ina&(ase and to de0er the iss%an(e o0 2arrants o0 arrests a'ainst the a((%sed. ). In (acson v.)*ecutiveSecretary,7+*8 onthepra:ero0thea((%sedinapetition0or(ertiorari on the 'ro%nd o0 &a(= o0 >%risdi(tion on the part o0 the Sandi'an6a:an, 2edire(ted the Sandi'an6a:an to trans0er the (ri$ina& (ases to the Re'iona& Tria& Co%rte1en 6e0ore the iss%an(e o0 the 2arrants o0 arrest. ;e ho&d that the (ir(%$stan(es 0or(in' %s to reE%ire (%stod: o0 the &a2 in app&i(ations 0or6ai& are not present in $otions to E%ash the 2arrant o0 arrest. I0 2e a&&o2 the 'rantin' o0 6ai& topersons not in the (%stod: o0 the &a2, it is 0oreseea6&e that $an: persons 2ho (an a00ord the 6ai&2i&& re$ain at &ar'e, and (o%&d e&%de 6ein' he&d to ans2er 0or the (o$$ission o0 the o00ense i0e1erheispro1en'%i&t:. Ontheotherhand, i02ea&&o2the E%asha& o02arrantso0arrest topersons not in the (%stod: o0 the &a2, it 2o%&d 6e 1er: rare that a person not 'en%ine&: entit&ed to&i6ert: 2o%&d re$ain s(ot-0ree. This is 6e(a%se it is the sa$e >%d'e 2ho iss%ed the 2arrant o0arrest 2ho2i&& de(ide2hether or not he0o&&o2edtheConstit%tioninhisdeter$inationo0pro6a6&e (a%se, and he (an easi&: den: the $otion to E%ash i0 he rea&&: did 0ind pro6a6&e (a%sea0ter persona&&: e.a$inin' the re(ords o0 the (ase. Moreo1er, p%rs%ant to the pres%$ption o0 re'%&arit: o0 o00i(ia& 0%n(tions, the 2arrant (ontin%esin 0or(e and e00e(t %nti& it is E%ashed and there0ore (an sti&& 6e en0or(ed on an: da: and at an:ti$e o0 the da: and ni'ht.7++8 o: a hi'her pre0eren(ein the hierar(h: o0 ri'hts than propert: ri'hts,7+)8 de$andin' that d%e pro(ess in the depri1ationo0 &i6ert: $%st (o$e 6e0ore its ta=in' and not a0ter. 6#a*+$n7 a ,a--an& o' a--.*& 3a*.d on a*#3*.)#.n&21'$2.d0.&$&$on'o--./$.,,$&+&+.S.%-.&a-1 o' J#*&$%. and 3a*.d on do#3&*.n7.nd.-.d31&+.0o2$&$%a2 %2$(a&.%on*&$&.*7-a/. a3#*. o' d$*%-.&$on. ;e ne1erthe&ess 0ind 'ra1e a6%se o0 dis(retion in the assai&ed a(tions o0"%d'e An'had. "%d'e An'had see$ed a &itt&e too ea'er o0 dis$issin' the (ri$ina& (ases a'ainstthe petitioners. %st 6e(a%se the petitioners $i'ht,in the 0%t%re,appea& the assistantprose(%tors reso&%tion to the Se(retar: o0 "%sti(e. B%t e1en i0 the petition 0or re1ie2 2as 0i&ed6e0ore the iss%an(e o0 the 2arrants o0 arrest, the 0a(t re$ains that the penden(: o0 a petition 0orthe re1ie2 o0 the prose(%tors reso&%tion is not a 'ro%nd to E%ash the 2arrants o0 arrest. In +ebb v. de (eon,7+48 2e he&d that the petitioners therein (annot assai& as pre$at%re the0i&in' o0 the in0or$ation in (o%rt a'ainst the$ on the 'ro%nd that the: sti&& ha1e the ri'ht toappea& the ad1erse reso&%tion o0 the /O" Pane& to the Se(retar: o0 "%sti(e.Si$i&ar&:, the iss%an(eo0 2arrants o0 arrest a'ainst petitioners herein sho%&d not ha1e 6een E%ashed as pre$at%re on thesa$e 'ro%nd. The other 'ro%nd in1o=ed 6: "%d'e An'had 0or the E%asha& o0 the 2arrant o0 arrest is inorder i0 tr%e: 1io&ation o0 the Constit%tion. #en(e, "%d'e An'had as=ed and reso&1ed theE%estion: Inthesedo%6&e$%rder (ases, didthis Co%rt (o$p&:or adheretothea6o1e-E%oted(onstit%tiona& pros(ription, 2hi(his Se(. +, Arti(&e III Bi&& o0Ri'htsB to Se(. -@aA, R%&e **+, R%&es o0 Cri$ina& Pro(ed%re and to the a6o1e-(itedde(isiona& (asesH To this E%er: or iss%e, a0ter a deep per%sa& o0 thear'%$ents raised, this Co%rt, thro%'h 7its8 re'%&ar Presidin' "%d'e, 0inds $erit inthe (ontention o0 herein a((%sed-$o1ant, "ose Pe$pe Miranda.7+-8 "%d'e An'had is re0errin' to the 0o&&o2in' pro1ision o0 the Constit%tion as ha1in' 6een1io&ated 6: "%d'e T%$a&i%an: Se(. +. The ri'ht o0 the peop&e to 6e se(%re in their persons, ho%ses, papersand e00e(ts a'ainst %nreasona6&e sear(hes and seiD%res o0 2hate1er nat%re and 0oran: p%rpose sha&& 6e in1io&a6&e, and no sear(h 2arrant or 2arrant o0 arrest sha&&iss%e e.(ept %pon pro6a6&e (a%se to 6e deter$ined persona&&: 6: the >%d'e a0tere.a$ination %nder oath or a00ir$ation o0 the (o$p&ainant and the 2itnesses he$a: prod%(e, and parti(%&ar&: des(ri6in' the p&a(e to 6e sear(hed and the personsor thin's to 6e seiDed.7+98 #o2e1er,a0tera(are0%& s(r%tin:o0there(ordso0the(ase, in(&%din'thes%pportin'e1iden(e to the reso&%tion o0 the prose(%tor in his deter$ination o0 pro6a6&e (a%se, 2e 0ind that"%d'e An'had 'ra1e&: a6%sed his dis(retion. A((ordin' to petitioners: Inthis(ase, then%&&it:o0theordero0"%d'e T%$a&i%an, 0orthearrest o0thepetitioners is apparent 0ro$ the 0a(e o0 the order itse&0, 2hi(h (&ear&: stated thatthe deter$ination o0 pro6a6&e (a%se 2as 6ased on the (erti0i(ation, %nder oath, o0the 0is(a& and not on a separate deter$ination persona&&: $ade 6: the "%d'e. Nopres%$ption o0 re'%&arit: (o%&d 6e dra2n 0ro$ the order sin(e it e.press&: and(&ear&: sho2ed that it 2as 6ased on&: on the 0is(a&s (erti0i(ation.7+58 Petitioners(&ai$is%ntr%e. "%d'e T%$a&i%ans "oint Order(ontainsnos%(hindi(ationthat here&ied solely on the prose(%tors (erti0i(ation. The "oint Order e1en indi(ated the (ontrar:: Uponre(eipt o0 the in0or$ationandreso&%tiono0 the prose(%tor, the Co%rtpro(eeded to deter$ine the e.isten(e o0 a pro6a6&e (a%se 6: persona&&: e1a&%atin'the re(ords . . ..7+C8 There(ordso0 the(asesho2that theprose(%tors (erti0i(ation2asa((o$panied6:s%pportin' do(%$ents, 0o&&o2in' the reE%ire$ent %nder (im# Sr. v. $eli*7),8 and People v. ,nting.7)*8 The s%pportin' do(%$ents are the 0o&&o2in': *.Reso&%tion dated +* "%ne +,,* o0 State Prose(%tor !eo S. Re:esB+.A00ida1it dated ++ Ma: +,,* o0 Modesto G%tierreDB).A00ida1it dated *C Ma: +,,* o0 Ro$eo B. O(onB3."oint Co%nter A00ida1it dated +) Ma: +,,* o0 Ma:or "ose C. Miranda andRe:na&do de &a Cr%DB4.A00ida1it dated *C Ma: +,,* o0 A&6erto /a&$a(ioB-./e(ision dated ++ Apri& *CCC o0 the Re'iona& Tria& Co%rt o0 Mani&a, Bran(h3* in Cri$ina& Case No. C9-*-,)44B9.S2orn state$ent dated +9 Apri& +,,* o0 Rode& Madera&B5.In0or$ation dated ++ "%ne +,,*BC.A00ida1it-(o$p&aint o0 ?ir'i&io T%&iaoB and*,.Medi(o-&e'a& Reports o0 the (ada1ers o0 E&eDer T%&iao and ?i(ente B%aDon. #en(e, pro(ed%ra&&:, 2e (an (on(&%de that there 2as no 1io&ation on the part o0"%d'e T%$a&i%an o0 Arti(&e III, Se(tion +, o0 the Constit%tion. "%d'e An'had, ho2e1er, 0o(%sedon the s%6stanti1e part o0 said se(tion, i.e., the e.isten(e o0 pro6a6&e (a%se. In 0ai&in' to 0indpro6a6&e (a%se, "%d'e An'had r%&ed that the (on0ession o0 SPO+ Madera& is in(redi6&e 0or the0o&&o2in' reasons: @*A it 2as 'i1en a0ter a&$ost t2o :ears in the (%stod: o0 the Nationa& B%rea%o0 In1esti'ationB @+A it 2as 'i1en 6: so$eone 2ho rendered hi$se&0 %ntr%st2orth: 0or 6ein' a0%'iti1e 0or 0i1e :earsB @)A it 2as 'i1en in e.(han'e 0or an o61io%s re2ard o0 dis(har'e 0ro$ thein0or$ationB and @3A it 2as 'i1en d%rin' the e&e(tion period a$idst a po&iti(a&&: (har'ed s(enario2here Santia'o Cit: 1oters 2ere pitted a'ainst ea(h other a&on' the &ines o0 the Miranda (a$p onone side and 0or$er Cit: Ma:or A$e&ita S. Na1arro, and a&&e'ed&: that o0 /ENRSe(retar: #eherson A&1areD on the other.7)+8 ;epainsta=in'&:2ent thro%'hthere(ordso0 the(aseand0o%ndnoreasontodist%r6the0indin's o0 pro6a6&e (a%se o0 "%d'eT%$a&i%an. It is i$portant to note that an e.ha%sti1e de6ate on the (redi6i&it: o0 a 2itness is not2ithin the pro1in(e o0 the deter$ination o0 pro6a6&e (a%se. As 2e he&d in +ebb7))8: A 0indin' o0 pro6a6&e (a%se needs on&: to rest on e1iden(e sho2in' that $ore&i=e&: than not a (ri$e has 6een (o$$itted and 2as (o$$itted 6: thes%spe(ts. Pro6a6&e (a%se need not 6e 6ased on (&ear and (on1in(in' e1iden(e o0'%i&t, neither on e1iden(e esta6&ishin' '%i&t 6e:ond reasona6&e do%6t andde0inite&:, not one1iden(eesta6&ishin'a6so&%te(ertaint:o0'%i&t. As2e&& p%tin -rinegar v. .nited States, 2hi&e pro6a6&e (a%se de$ands $ore than 6ares%spi(ion, it reE%ires &ess than e1iden(e 2hi(h 2o%&d >%sti0: . . . (on1i(tion. A0indin' o0 pro6a6&e (a%se $ere&: 6inds o1er the s%spe(t to stand tria&. It is not aprono%n(e$ent o0 '%i&t. . . . Pro6a6&e (a%se $ere&: i$p&ies pro6a6i&it: o0 '%i&t and sho%&d 6e deter$inedin a s%$$ar: $anner. Pre&i$inar: in1esti'ation is not a part o0 tria& . . .. D$*($**$n7 a %-$($na2 %a*. on &+. 3a*$* o' ad.%$*$on o' &+$* Co#-& $n ano&+.- %a*. ,$&+d$''.-.n& a%%#*.d %on*&$&.* 7-a/. a3#*. o'd$*%-.&$on. "%d'e An'had had E%ashed the 2arrant o0 arrest on the 'ro%nd, a$on' other thin's, that there2as a petition 0or re1ie2o0 the assistant prose(%tors reso&%tion 6e0ore the Se(retar: o0"%sti(e. #o2e1er, a0ter the Se(retar: o0 "%sti(e a00ir$ed the prose(%tors reso&%tion,"%d'e An'had s%$$ari&: dis$issed the t2o (ri$ina& (ases a'ainst the petitioners on the 6asis o0the 0o&&o2in' e.p&anation: Rode& Madera& 2asoneo0thea((%sedinPeop&e1s. ;i&0redo !eano, eta&., RTC, Bran(h 3*, Mani&a, and 6ased 0ro$ his s2orn state$ents, he pinpointedto Mr. Miranda the $aster$ind and 2ith hi$ and the other po&i(e o00i(ers as thedire(t perpetrators, the O(to6er C, +,,* /e(ision o0 the S%pre$e Co%rt a6so&1in'the0i1e(opso0 $%rder, (ertain&:$a=es hiss2ornState$ents anarrationo00a&sehood and &ies and that 6e(a%se o0 the de(ision a(E%ittin' said o00i(ers 2ho2ere &i=e2ise 0a&se&: &in=ed 6: said Rode& Madera& in his Apri& +9, +,,*state$ents, it is no2 6e:ond do%6t that Rode& Madera& $ade %ntr%th0%&,0a6ri(atedandper>%redstate$entsandthere0orethesa$eis2itho%t pro6a6&e1a&%e. This Co%rt a'rees 2ith the de0enses 1ie2s. Indeed, o0 2hat %seis Madera&s state$ents 2hen the S%pre$e Co%rt re>e(ted the prose(%tionse1iden(e presented and add%(ed in Cri$ina& Case No. C9-*-,)44. Rode& Madera& is s%pposed to t%rn state 2itness in these t2o @+A (ases 6%t2ith the S%pre$e Co%rt de(ision ad1erted to, the pro6ati1e 1a&%e o0 hisstate$ents is pra(ti(a&&: ni&. . . . . This Co%rt 0inds $erit to the $ani0estation o0 the a((%sed Miranda datedO(to6er *5, +,,*, pra:in'0or thes%$$ar:dis$issa& o0 thet2o@+A $%rder(har'esin1ie2o0 the&atest de(isiono0theS%pre$eCo%rt in Peopleof tePilippines vs. +ilfredo (eao, et a&., G.R. No. *)55-, a(E%ittin'the a((%sedtherein and in e00e(t disre'ardin' a&& the e1iden(e presented 6: the prose(%tion inthat (ase.A((ordin'&:,thet2o@+A in0or$ations 70or8$%rder0i&eda'ainst "oseMiranda are ordered dis$issed.7)38 This is a (&ear (ase o0 a6%se o0 dis(retion. "%d'e An'had had no ri'ht to t2ist o%r de(ision andinterpret it to the dis(redit o0 SPO+Madera&,2ho 2as sti&& at &ar'e 2hen the e1iden(e o0 theprose(%tion inthe (eao (ase 2as presented. Ade(ision, e1en o0 this Co%rt, a(E%ittin' thea((%sed therein o0 a (ri$e (annot 6e the 6asis o0 the dis$issa& o0 (ri$ina& (ase a'ainst di00erenta((%sed 0or the sa$e (ri$e. The 6&%nder o0 "%d'e An'had is e1en $ore prono%n(ed 6: the 0a(tthat o%r de(ision in (eao 2as 6ased on reasona6&e do%6t.;e ne1er r%&ed in (eao that the (ri$edid not happenB 2e >%st 0o%nd that there 2as reasona6&e do%6t as to the '%i&t o0 the a((%sedtherein, sin(e the prose(%tion in that (ase re&ied on (ir(%$stantia& e1iden(e, 2hi(h interestin'&:is not e1en the sit%ation in the (ri$ina& (ases o0 the petitioners in the (ase at 6ar as there is herean e:e2itness: Rode& Madera&. The a((%sed in (eao 0%rther$ore had no $oti1e to =i&&respondent T%&iaos son, 2hereas petitioners hereinhad6eeni$p&i(atedinthetesti$on:o0respondent T%&iao6e0ore the Senate B&%e Ri66on Co$$ittee. It is prepostero%s to (on(&%de that 6e(a%se o0 o%r 0indin' o0 reasona6&e do%6t in (eao, itis no2 6e:ond do%6t that Rode&Madera& $ade %ntr%th0%&, 0a6ri(ated and per>%red state$ents andthere0ore the sa$e is 2itho%t pro6a6&e 1a&%e.7)48 On the (ontrar:, i0 2e are to per$it the %se o0o%r de(isionin (eao, ana(E%itta& onthe'ro%ndo0 reasona6&edo%6t a(t%a&&:pointstothepro6a6i&it: o0 the prose(%tions 1ersion o0 the 0a(ts therein. S%(h pro6a6i&it: o0 '%i&t (ertain&:$eets the (riteria o0 pro6a6&e (a%se. ;e (annot &et %nnoti(ed, too, "%d'e An'hads dis$issa& o0 the in0or$ations t2oda:s a'&.- 2e reso&1edto iss%e, %ponthe 0i&in' o0 a 6ond, a te$porar: restrainin' orderprohi6itin' hi$0ro$0%rther pro(eedin' 2iththe (ase. The 6ond2as 0i&ed the da:a0terthe in0or$ations 2ere dis$issed. ;hi&e the dis$issa& o0 the (ase 2as a6&e to 6eat the e00e(ti1it:date o0 the te$porar: restrainin' order, s%(h a6r%pt dis$issa& o0 the in0or$ations @da:s a0ter thisCo%rts reso&1e to iss%e a TRO a'ainst "%d'e An'hadA (reates 2i&d s%spi(ions a6o%t the $oti1eso0 "%d'e An'had. N#22$'$%a&$ono' a0-o%..d$n7n.%.**a-$21 %a--$.*,$&+ $& &+. -.$n*&a&.(.n& o' &+. o-d.-* *.& a*$d.31 &+. n#22$'$.d 0-o%..d$n7. In their se(ond assi'n$ent o0 error, petitioners (&ai$ that the Co%rt o0 Appea&s did not re(a&& orreinstate the 2arrants o0 arrest iss%ed 6: "%d'e T%$a&i%an, 6%t instead dire(ted "%d'e An'had toiss%e apparent&: ne2 2arrants o0 arrest.7)-8 A((ordin' to the petitioners, it 2as an error 0or theCo%rt o0 Appea&s to ha1e done so, 2itho%t a persona& deter$ination o0 pro6a6&e (a%se. ;e disa'ree. ;hether the Co%rt o0 Appea&s ordered the iss%an(e o0 ne2 2arrants o0 arrest or$ere&: ordered the reinstate$ent o0 the 2arrants o0 arrest iss%ed 6: "%d'e T%$a&i%an is $ere&: a$atter o0 s(r%p%&o%s se$anti(s, the s&i'ht ina((%ra(: 2hereo0 sho%&d not 6e a&&o2ed to a00e(t thedispositions on the $erits, espe(ia&&: in this (ase 2here the other dispositions o0 the Co%rt o0Appea&spoint totheotherdire(tion. %d'es therein on the 'ro%nd o0 'ra1e a6%se o0 dis(retion, in thesa$e 1ein, 2e (an a&so o1err%&e the de(ision o0 a >%d'e re1ersin' a 0indin' o0 pro6a6&e (a%se,a&so on the 'ro%nd o0 'ra1e a6%se o0 dis(retion. T+.-. $* no do#32. ".o0a-d1 $n &+. -.$n*&a&.(.n&o' a %-$($na2 %a*. d$*($**.d 3.'o-. a--a$7n(.n& Intheir thirdassi'n$ent o0 error, petitioners (&ai$that theCo%rt o0 Appea&s (o$$ittedare1ersi6&e error in orderin' the reinstate$ent o0 Cri$ina& Cases No. )--)4+) and No. )--)4+3,a&&e'in' that the order o0 dis$issa& iss%ed therein had 6e(o$e 0ina& and e.e(%tor:. A((ordin' topetitioners: It is a&so 2orth: to point o%t at this >%n(t%re that the "oint Order o0"%d'e An'had datedNo1e$6er *3, +,,*is NOTONE o0 thoseOrders2hi(h2ere assai&ed in the pri1ate respondent T%&iaos Petition 0or Certiorari, Manda$%sand Prohi6ition 0i&ed 6: the pri1ate respondent 6e0ore the Co%rt o0 Appea&s.As(are0%&&: en%$erated in the 0irst pa'e o0 the assai&ed /e(ision, on&: the 0o&&o2in'Orders iss%ed 6: "%d'eAn'had 2ere E%estioned 6: pri1ate respondent, to 2it: *.A"oint Order dated A%'%st *9, +,,*B+.AOrder dated Septe$6er +*, +,,*B).A"oint Order dated O(to6er *-, +,,*B and3.A"oint Order dated O(to6er ++, +,,*. O61io%s&:, the"oint Orderdated No1e$6er *3, +,,* o0"%d'e An'had,2hi(h %&ti$ate&: dis$issed Cri$ina& Cases Nos. )--)4+) AN/ )--)4+3 is NOTin(&%ded in the &ist o0 the assai&ed OrderF"oint Orders. #en(e, the Co%rt o0Appea&s sho%&d not ha1e passed %pon the 1a&idit: or n%&&it: o0 the "oint Ordero0 No1e$6er *3, +,,*.7)58 Petitioners $%st ha1e 0or'otten that respondent T%&iaos Petition 0or Certiorari,Prohi6ition andManda$%s 2as 0i&ed not 2ith the Co%rt o0 Appea&s, 6%t 2ith this Co%rt. The Co%rt o0 Appea&sde(ided the (ase 6e(a%se 2e re0erred the sa$e to the$ in o%r *C No1e$6er+,,* Reso&%tion. S%(h petition 2as 0i&ed on +4 O(to6er +,,*, aro%nd three 2ee=s before the *3No1e$6er +,,* Order.Upon re(eipt o0 the *3 No1e$6er +,,* Order, ho2e1er,respondent T%&iao &ost no ti$e in 0i&in' 2ith this Co%rt a Motion to Cite P%6&i( Respondent inConte$pt,a&&e'in' that "%d'e An'had de&i6erate&: and 2i&&0%&&: (o$$itted (onte$pt o0 (o%rt2hen he iss%ed on *4 No1e$6er +,,* the Order dated *3 No1e$6er +,,* dis$issin'the in0or$ations 0or$%rder. On +*No1e$6er+,,*, 2ere0erredsaid$otiontotheCo%rt o0Appea&s, in 1ie2 o0 the pre1io%s re0erra& o0 respondent T%&iaos petition 0or certiorari, prohi6itionand mandamus. O%r re0erra& to the Co%rt o0 Appea&s o0 the Motion to Cite P%6&i( Repondent in Conte$pt p&a(esthe *3 No1e$6er +,,* Order 2ithin the iss%es o0 the (ase de(ided 6: the Co%rt o0 Appea&s. In(&ai$in'that "%d'e An'had (o$$itted(onte$pt o0 this Co%rt iniss%in'the *3No1e$6er+,,* Order, respondent T%&iao hadas(ri6edto"%d'e An'had ana(t $%(h$oreserio%sthan'ra1e a6%se o0 dis(retion. Respondent T%&iao (&ai$s that "%d'e An'had iss%ed the *3 No1e$6er +,,* Order on *4No1e$6er +,,*, antedatin' it so as to a1oid the e00e(ts o0 o%r *+ No1e$6er +,,* Reso&%tion. Insaid *+ No1e$6er +,,* Reso&%tion, 2e reso&1ed to iss%e a te$porar: restrainin' order en>oinin'"%d'e An'had 0ro$ 0%rther pro(eedin' 2ith the (ri$ina& (ases %pon therespondent T%&iaos 0i&in' o0 a 6ond in the a$o%nt o0 P+,,,,,.,,. Respondent T%&iao had 0i&ed the6ond on *4 No1e$6er +,,4. ;hi&e 2e (annot i$$ediate&: prono%n(e "%d'e An'had in (onte$pt, seein' as disobedience tola!ful orders of acourt and abuseof court processes are(ases o0 indire(t (onte$pt 2hi(hreE%ire the 'rantin' o0 opport%nit: to 6e heard on the part o0 respondent,7)C8 the pra:er to citepublic respondent in contempt and for oter reliefs "ust and equitable under te premises sho%&d6e (onstr%ed to in(&%de a pra:er 0or the n%&&i0i(ation o0 said *3 No1e$6er +,,* Order. In an: (ase, the reinstate$ent o0 a (ri$ina& (ase dis$issed 6e0ore arrai'n$ent does not(onstit%te do%6&e >eopard:. /o%6&e >eopard: (annot 6e in1o=ed 2here the a((%sed has not 6eenarrai'ned and it 2as %pon his e.press $otion that the (ase 2as dis$issed.73,8Astorespondent T%&iaos pra:er @in6oththeori'ina& petition0or certiorari as2e&& asinhis$otion to (ite 0or (onte$ptA to disE%a&i0: "%d'e An'had 0ro$ 0%rther pro(eedin' 2ith the (ase,2e ho&d that the n%$6er o0 instan(es o0 a6%se o0 dis(retion in this (ase are eno%'h to (on1in(e %so0 an apparent 6ias on the part o0 "%d'e An'had. ;e 0%rther reso&1e to 0o&&o2 the (ase o0 Peoplev. SP/0 (eao,73*8 6: trans0errin' the 1en%e o0 Cri$ina& Cases No. )--)4+) and No. )--)4+3 tothe Cit: o0 Mani&a, p%rs%ant to Arti(&e ?III, Se(tion 3, o0 the Constit%tion.;#ERE