minutes of the 12th meeting of the ceos space data...
TRANSCRIPT
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MINUTESOFTHE12thMEETINGOFTHECEOSSPACEDATACOORDINATIONGROUPFORGFOI(SDCG-12)GFOIEarlyWarningSession
Monday4thSeptember2017ESAESRIN,Frascati,Italy
AnSDCG-12sessiontodiscussthepotentialrequirementsofaGFOIEarlyWarningsystemwasheldontheMondaybeforethemainSDCG-12meeting.ThemorningsessionwasaGFOIEarlyWarning Task Force Meeting (summary report below), and the afternoon session was adiscussionofhowspaceagenciesmightrespondviaCEOSandSDCG.
Participants: Brian Killough (CEOS SEO/NASA), Stephen Ward (SDCG Sec), Rachael Petersen(WRI),MikaelaWeisse(WRI),StevenHosford(CNES),AnnaRitaPisani(ASI),YvesCrevier(CSA),GeorgeDyke (SDCGSec), JohannesReiche (Wageningen/GOFC-GOLD),HelmutStaudenrausch(DLR), Eugene (Gene) Fosnight (USGS), Frank Martin Seifert (ESA), Ake Rosenqvist (JAXA),MatthewSteventon(SDCGSec),MasatoHayashi(JAXA,GoToMeeting)
WelcomeandIntroductions
StephenWard(SDCGSec)welcomedeveryonetotheafternoonsessionandreviewedtheagendawhich looks at identifying opportunities for collaboration, common interests, and capacitiesarounddeforestationearlywarning.SDCG-Execcollaboratedonarelatedpaperearlierthisyear,andthismeetingisanopportunitytofollowupandrefineawayforward.
SummaryofGFOIEarlyWarningTaskForce–MondayMorningSession
BrianreviewedhisnotesfromtheGFOIEarlyWarningTaskForcemeetingwhichtookplaceinthemorning.
- ItwasnotedthattherearemanystakeholdersinvolvedandthereisaneedtounderstandthenumberofoptionsforEW.EffectiveuseofEWsystemsbygovernmentsisoftenabiggerissuethantechnology.Thereisalsoaroleforcivilsocietygroups(e.g.AmazonConservationteam,JaneGoodallInstitute)astheytendtouseEWproductstoputpressureoncountriestomakedecisions.
- GFOIseesaroleforCSO(CivilSocietyOrganizations)andtheneedfortheirinvolvement,andthiswillbeinpartaddressedviaa"UserNeedsAssessment".Thiswillrequireensuringallrelevantactorshavebeenconsulted.
- “Lessons Learned" from theGFWalerts effortswere shared, and parameters vary acrossresolutions(e.g.30m,250m),variousfrequencies(e.g.weekly,monthly)andlocations(notglobalandmostlypantropical).Usershavedifferentneeds,suchasadesireforalllandchange(Uganda)andadesiretominimizecommissionerrors(Peru).
- AsummaryofaPeruCaseStudywasgiven,notingthatalertsaregenerallyaccurate-someindividualpixelsarewrongbutclustersofpixelsareusuallycorrect.68%saidcloudcoverwasa"majorlimitation".Someusersnotedadesireforcountry"ownership"ofthesystemratherthandependingonglobalsystemsthatdependonexternalfunding.
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- The"CEOSConceptNote"foranEWsystemwaspresented,andtheoutputsfromtheGFOIEW Workshop in Jan 2015 in Brazil were reviewed with the meeting report here:https://drive.google.com/open?id=0ByjVYQqIoebeS0NyajlSV1ZCcDA
- Theteamwentthroughtheagendaitemsunder"UserNeedsAssessment"andexpandedoneachbullet.Theseaddressedobjectives,scope,process,outcome,teamandtimeframe.
- Objectives:whatareweaimingtoachievefromthisassessment?o MoredefinedsetofrequirementsforEWsystem(s)thatcaninformfutureR&D
directionso Drivenbyuserneedsratherthantechpush–notonlyafocusontechnical
requirementso Stratifyassessmentbasedoncountrycapacities(e.g.Peru/Colombia,DRC,Indonesia
allhavedifferentneedsandknowledgeetc.)o Presentunifiedvoicetotheglobalcommunity(countries,donors,techpartnersand
R&Dorgs)o Determinationofendusergroups(e.g.govts,CSOs,media)
- Scope:what’sinandwhat’sout?o Politicalandinstitutionalconditionsforuptakeo Allforestchangesincluded.Considerallaspectsofearlywarningandthenstratify
intosystemso Bottomup(nottopdown)o Considerationforcountryownershipofproductsandproductgeneration(inclcost-
benefitanalysis)o InteresttobroadenusergroupsfromgovtstoalsoCSOs
- Process:howwillthestudybeundertaken?o StratifyassessmentintodifferentEWsystemcategorieswhichhavedifferentreqs
onresolution,latency,tempfrequencyetc.(eglawenforcement,fires,reporting,etc.)
o Willbedeterminedbypartnerresourceso Iterativeapproach.StartwithWRIongoingLessonsLearnedstudy.ThenMulti-
stakeholderforum.Improvedrequirements.Etc.o BuildonreqsexpressedinGFOI/SilvaCarbonworkshopinBrazil(Jan2015)o GLADsystemanentrypointforeverybodyo HowtocollecttheinfofortheMSF(calls,emails,surveys?)
- Outcome:whatwillbedeliveredandwhatpurposeswillitserve?o Userrequirementsdocumento Guidelinesandrecommendations(stratified).SimilartoolsuchasREDDcompass
(decisiontreestructure)o Pilotstudieso ListofR&Dtopics
- Team:whowillbeinvolved?o GFOIOffice(co-lead)o WRI(LeadcoordinatorofUNA)&UMDo CEOS
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o GOFC-GOLD/WURo WRIcollaboratingcountries(PER,DRC,IND,COL)o GFOIcollaboratingorganisationsandcountrieso SilvaCarbono FAOo WB?
- Timeframe:start,interimanddeliverydates?
Akeaddedsomecommentsonuserneedsassessment,notingthatheperformedaverybroaduserneedsassessment,whichwasrequestedbytheGFOIOffice.
Rachaelnotedthatthemulti-stakeholderforumisplannedasanopportunitytostartgatheringinitialuserrequirements,andWRIhasstartedtodraftapaperonthetopic.
Stephen noted the Vietnam Data Cube work supported by CSIRO, with FIPI planningdeforestationapplications,andavarietyofdatasetsavailable.
Theneedforuserrequirementwasagreed,aswellasguidancedocumentation,andhowthismightinteractwiththeGFOIR&Dcomponent.ItwassuggestedthatWRIpaperbeusedasthebasisforthestakeholdermeeting,usethemeetingtorefinethepaper,andthiscouldbedoneinparallelwithaGFOIefforttodevelopsomeguidancematerials.
SDCG-12-1 TomHarveytoaddthelinktothe2015GFOIEWWorkshopreporttotheGFOIwebsite. September2017
JJ-FASTOverview
MasatoHayashi(JAXA,GoToMeeting)presentedasummaryonJJ-FAST,acollaborationbetweenJICAandJAXAfordetecting illegaldeforestation. JJ-FASTdetectsdeforestationgreaterthan5hectares by comparing twoALOS-2 PALSAR-2 images, and is currently targeting 80 countriesproviding updates every 1.5 months. JJ-FAST covers almost all tropical forests, and the SARdatasetisabletoobservethroughcloudcover.TheJJ-FASTwebinterfacepresentswarnings,andallows users to uncover extra information, including estimated deforestation areas. 83.3%accuracy has been shown by field validation, and a number of enhancements are planned,particularlyaroundissuesrelatedtosteepslopes,smallareas,andseasonalchanges,usingmoremulti-temporalimages.Johannesaskedwhointerpretsthepolygonsforinclusion/exclusion,andHayashiconfirmedthisisdonebyJAXAstaff.Rachaelnotedthiswillbeachallengetomaintainqualitycontrolwhenscalinguptotheplanned77countries.
INPEDETER
AkeRosenqvist(onbehalfofINPE)presentedonBrazil’sDETERsystem.HenotedthatPRODESisbeing expanded to cover greater region, and that DETER is the detection system, whereasPRODESmeasuresthefinalresult(forest/non-forest).ThesystemisdrivenbyMODISdata,visualinterpretation,andtheresultsarethenpresentedtoIBAMA(lawenforcement).DETERresultsalsoavailableonlinetothepublic.RecentlytheyhaveintegratedAWiFSandCBERS-4data,andtryingtointegratethevarioussystems(DETER,DETEX,DEGRAD,etc.)Akestressedthatthisisatrulyoperationalsystem,andprovidesalotofgreatlessons.HenotedthatinthepastaJAXA-
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IBAMAINDICARsystemhadbeendevelopedwhichusedALOSScanSARdatatofillgapsinrainyseasonduetoclouds.
GFWandWRIEarlyWarningActivities
RachaelpresentedanoverviewofWRI’searlywarningactivities,notingthatWRIhasfoundthatgovernanceissues,i.e.unclearlandtenure,lackoffunding,etc.,areoneofthebiggesthurdlestouptakeofearlywarningsystems.ShenotedthatexpandingGLADalerts(currentlycovering16countries in the Amazon, Central Africa, and SE Asia) to more countries is restricted bycomputationalresources,thoughUMDareworkingtoexpandtheirsystemtocovermoreareasleveragingGoogleEarthEngine.
RachelconfirmedthatthatFredStolleandWRIremainstillveryinterestedinsupportintegratingSARdatatofillcloudgaps.PotentialdatastreamsSDCG-GFOIcouldhelpsupportwithincludeALOS-2(9timesayear)andNovaSAR(onceitisavailable),thoughSentinel1likelyremainsthebestoptionforlarge-scalemonitoringsinceitisfreeandopen.
MikaelanotedthattherehavebeenreportsinBrazilthatillegalloggersarenowstartingadapttheirbehaviours todeforestduringcloudyperiods toavoiddetectionbyDETER.Radardata’sabilitytoovercomecloudcoverlimitationsmayhelpgreatlyinthiscase.
GLADdoesn't have any image filtering yet to eliminate single pixels, and the accuracy tunedtowardfalsenegatives.Infuture,theyplantoallowuserstoadjusttheiraccuracy,asusersmayhavediversepreferencesforsensitivitydependingonhowtheydeploytheinformation.
Funding forGLAD coming throughbilateral donations, and they are hoping to reach a lowerfutureoperatingcostbymigrationtoGEE.Yvesaskedhowcountriescanbeassuredthesystemwillexistinthefuture,iffundingisnotsecure.Thisisacommonquestionfromusers,whowanttoknowthesystemwillbesustainedbeforebuildingtheirownworkflowsontopofit.TheywouldconsiderrunningGLADonaDataCubeinfuture,butthequestionsofoperationalcostsaswellassourcecode/algorithmswouldhavetobeaddressed.
It was noted that integration of Sentinel-2 imagery is also a future goal to increase revisitfrequencyandresolution.
GLAD isbeingusedwidely inPeru (e.g. government, civil society), and theyare findinggoodtimeliness and coverage. There are technical limitations around cloud cover, and separatingnaturalandanthropogenicchanges.Howeveroverall,theyhavefoundthegovernanceandlegallimitationsaregreaterthantechnicallimitations,e.g.lackofresourcestofollowupandprosecutethoseresponsible.
OversellingtheutilityofEOisaconcern,particularlywhenitcomestolegalcases.
GOFC-GOLDheritageinEWactivities
Johannesprovidedanupdateon theworkGOFC-GOLD is doing indeforestationassessment,notingthereisatradeoffbetweensystemcomplexityandcapability,wheregenerallyspeakingthemorecomplex,thelessimplementationislikely.
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GOFC-GOLD has been developing and implementing probabilisticmethods for EarlyWarningdetectionusingSentinel-1dual-pol.PreliminaryresultsinSumatradetectforestchangesasmanyas54daysearlierthanGLADalerts.
Therewas adiscussion aroundBFAST, and itwasnoted that itwasneverdesigned for earlywarning.
Overall,theambitionfortheGFOIAlertactivityistomovetargetedR&Dintooperationalpracticeviathesynthesisofvariousdataandapproaches.Theprocessshouldusecasedrivenanalysisofuncertaintiestowardspecificsolutions.
Johannesnotedtheimportanceoflisteningtotheuseronthetradeoffbetweentimelinessandaccuracy,andthatintheirexperiencethereisabroadrangeofuserrequirements.Forexample,someuserspreferveryunreliablyestimates(10%accuracy)providedquickly(withindays),whileothersrequirehighreliabilityandattribution.
SDCG-12-2 SDCGEXECtofollowuptheideaofaJJ-FASTandGLADcomparisonaspartofGFOIALERT SDCG-13
AgencyHeritage&InterestinaGFOIEarlyWarningCollaboration
HelmutnotedthatDLRisreadytocontributedata(e.g.TSX,TDX),eitherthroughtheAOsystemorsomeshortcut.Links toPlanet inBerlinmayalsobepossible.DLR is readytosupport,butwouldliketoseejointactionfromallSDCGagencies.AkenotedthatRapidEye/fineresolutionopticaldatawouldbeveryuseful, inparticular if targetedacquisitions couldbeplanned inasimilarwaytodisasteractivities.
GenesuggestedafollowupwithJeffMasektogetanupdateonNASAactivities.
YvesnotedthatCSAdemonstratedcanopychangedetectionwithtimeseriesofRADARSAT-2in2009,andthismaybeofinterest.Henotedthatsince2010,coherentRS-2acquisitionshavebeenongoingovercertainlocations.Thiscomprisesthousandsofimagesthatcouldbecontributedfordeforestationmonitoring.HenotedCSAwouldliketocontribute,inparticulartoinitiativeswherevalidationactivitieswillbedone.He iswillingtodothenecessarynegotiationstogetdatatoinitiativesthatcanprovetheutilityofC-bandfordeforestationmonitoring.
Anna-RitanotatedthatCOSMO-SkyMEDdatacanbeprovidedforresearchprojects,andsheisgatheringinformationnow,totakebacktoASIandseewhatcontributionsarepossible.
StevennotedheisunabletocommitonbehalfofCNES,butthathiscolleaguestherewouldlikelybewillingtoputresourcesintoanyeffort(e.g.Pleiades).
Overall, there was strong support from the agencies, while all agreed thatmost details areneededbeforeconcretecontributionscanbedetermined.
DataCubeSupporttoGFOIEarlyWarningObjectives
BrianprovidedasummaryofDataCubesupporttoEarlyWarningobjectives,notingthattheyareseeking toworkwith Vietnam to demonstrate a deforestation alert tool that utilizes diversemoderate resolutiondatasetsandaDataCube infrastructure.Healso suggested lookingataspecificareaflaggedoverColombia,tobringtogetherdatafromJAXA,CSA,DLR,andothers.The
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objective could be to take some of the work that GOFC-GOLD is doing (e.g. what Johannespresented) on the Data Cube to demonstrate progress while waiting for GFOI user needsassessmenttobedone.
ClosingDiscussionandNextStepsTherewasadiscussionaroundthemainpointsagreed,abasicschedule,potentialroles,geography,anddatasupply.
BroadpointsofagreementontheelementsthatmightcompriseaGFOIALERTactivity:
- aUserNeedsAssessmentbasedonlessonslearned(WRIPerupilot),GFOI/SilvaCarbonEWworkshopinJan.2015,dialoguewithcountries,phoneinterviews,questionnaire,…)
- amulti-stakeholderforumevent(likely inDC-relatedtoGFWPartnershipmeetinginFeb2018)tosolicitinputonassessment
- subsequentGFOIguidanceonEarlyWarningforcountries(includingmaybeadecision-treeeffortlikeREDDcompass)
- parallelR&DworktoaddresssomeofthetechnicalchallengesaroundEW- relatedpilotactivities
Schedule
TheUserNeedsAssessment(UNA)comesfirst.AndshouldruntoaboutJunenextyear,withpossible“launch”atOsloREDDExchange.ItcanhavetheexistingWRIworkasthenucleus(withPeru,DRCandIndonesia).SuggestedweaddfromGFOIVietnamandColombiatothat.WRIismotivated to progress this and willing to adapt their existing efforts to suit the GFOIgeometry.Co-locatingtheproposedeventwiththeGFWconferenceinFebinWashingtonDCwas discussed, but following themeeting thiswas found to be unsuitable due to scope andplanningchangesontheGFWside.Theyhaveflexibilitytoincludemaybeupto2daysontheUserNeedsassessmentaroundthecoreagenda.Userneedsassessmentwillincludeusecasesfor early warning, technical requirements for EW, but also political andinstitutionalconsiderationsforuptakeofEW.WeshouldestablishearlydesiredattendancefortheUNAevent.
TheGuidanceeffortwouldstartafterconclusionoftheUNA.Saymid-2018.TheR&Dstudiesandpilotscantentativelystartonsomefundamental issuesnow(likecombiningradarandopticaland impactonFalseAlarmRatesbasedon initialuser feedback)butwouldbedirectedwhenpossiblebytheneedsassessmentandhavethedemosfocusonspecificissueshighlightedbytheUNA.
PotentialRoles
WRIwillingandabletoleadtheassessmentandforumeventpendingresourceavailability.WRIisthenaturalleadforthisworkandwillingtodoso.Theymayseeksomeadditionalresourcestoachieve this. Agreed that the Capacity Building component should perhaps co-lead the userassessment.TheGuidancetaskrequiresleadershipfromtheMGDcomponentideally.
CEOS(andagencies)andGOFC-GOLDwillingtoprogresstheR&Dstudiesandpilots.WRIiskeentobetheuserpullandtoexploreadditionofradardatastreamstotheirEWcapabilities.Early
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workcouldfocusoncomparingGLADresultswiththeJAXA/JICAJJ-FASTresultsasanobviousfirststep.
Geography
AsnotedWRIearlyalertworkiswithDRC,Indonesiaand(especially)Peru.SDCGiskeentouseits existing pilots as platforms for the technical studies and demos. Vietnam and Colombiawerediscussedandagreedaspossibilities.
DataSupply
Therewerestrongstatementsofsupportfromarangeofspaceagenciesforsupplyofdatainsupportof the technical studies. IncludingESA,USGS,DLR,CSA,CNES,andASI.This includedtheSentinels,Landsat,Radarsat,TerraSAR,Planet,COSMOSkymedandPleiades.AlsoScanSARdatafromALOSforVietnam.AndhopefulofS-BanddatafromUK’sNovaSAR,whichneedsstilltobelaunched.AgreedthatacoordinateddatasupplyandR&DeffortshouldbeorchestratedacrossCEOSagenciesformaximumfocusandbenefit.
DiscussionandActions
Abriefdiscussionfollowed,andactionswereagreed.
- The UNA should be carried out byWRI, in coordination with the GFOI capacity buildingcomponent.WRIshouldalsopushGFOIOfficeforresources.
- WRInotedtheymaybeabletoincludeGFOIEarlyWarningtopicsfortheirnextuserforum(February2018),thoughafterfurtherdiscussionfollowingthemeetingthiswasfoundtonotbepossibleduetoscopeandplanningchangesintheiruserforum.Thismeetingisachanceto identify opportunities for collaboration that will make the most of limited resourcesavailable,andtocometogetherunderafewkeyuserpullprojects.
- ThereisaneedtoengagetheGFOIMGDgrouptosignupfortheguidanceonearlywarning,ideallywithasimilarapproachaswhatwastakeforREDDCompass.
- ItwasagreedthatthereareseveraltasksthatCEOScancarryoutinparallelwithUNA(e.g.Brian’sDataCubeexploratoryactivities).TheCEOSnicheisreallyfocusedoncountry-levelsupport.
- FrankMartinnotedhecanfollow-uponfurthercontributionstoGFOIR&D,e.g.aroundearlywarning,inter-comparison,inclusionofSARinoperationalsystems.
- JohannesisconfidentthathisGOFC-GOLDmethodsarematureenoughtoconsiderscalingup,andAkenotedthissoundslikeagoodpilot.
- ThefirsttwobestpossibilitiesarelikelyaJJ-FAST-GLADcomparison,andworkingontheGOFC-GOLDapproaches.
- Thereisgoodenthusiasmfromdataproviderstosupportthesedevelopmentactivities.
SDCG-12-3
WRItoconfirmthebroadenedscopeoftheEarlyWarningUserNeedsAssessment(EW-UNA)basedondiscussionswithCEOSagenciesatSDCG-12
RevisitatGFOIPlenary/SDCG-
13AfterfurtherdiscussionwithGFOIleads,a
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consultantcoordinatedby
GFOIwillleadtheUserNeeds
Assessment.Tomiscurrently
workingontheTORwithsupportfromRachael
SDCG-12-4
WRItoconfirmthedetailsoftheirFebruary2018userforum(i.e.location,dates),aswellaspossibleagendatimefortheEW-UNA
COMPLETEAfterfurtherdiscussion,theGFWmeetinginFebruarywillnotbeagoodfit,bothdueto
timingandtoarestructuringof
theGFWmeeting.Thetimingofthe
forumisstillTBD.Theforum
committeewilldevelopamoredetailedscopefortheforumbytheendoftheyear
SDCG-12-5FrankMartintoworkwiththeGFOILeadstoensureappropriateGFOIrepresentationatWRI’suserforum,andanysessionsaroundEarlyWarning
October2017
SDCG-12-6
FrankMartintoraisethepossibilityofGFOIR&Dcomponentsupport(e.g.GOFC-GOLD)totheoperationalisationofEarlyWarningapproachesbeingstudied,e.g.aroundearlywarning,inter-comparison
SDCG-13
SDCG-12-7
AketoadvisetheMGDUserAdvisoryGroupoftheon-goingdiscussionsaroundEarlyWarning,andreportbackonanyreactions,interest,andpotentialnextsteps
SDCG-13