ministry of education and science academy of science science, technology and innovation indicators:...
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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators: Trends and Challenges in South
Eastern Europe
Edmond Agolli, MoES Salvatore Bushati, ASA
2-3 October 2008, Belgrade
R&D Management Framework and Network of InstitutionsR&D Management Framework and Network of Institutions
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Council of Higher Education and Science
Ministry of Education and Science
Academy of SciencesMoES
Community
RI RCRI RC NGO RC
Scientific Research Directorate
Universities RIRI- Research Institutes
RC- Research Centers
SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM IN ALBANIA
PARLIAMENT
COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Council of Higher Educationand Sciences
Scientific ResearchDirectorate
Academy of Sciences Universities
Ministries’ ScientificResearch Directorate
RI RC
RI RC Private Sector - R&D
MultinationalCompanies
Small andMedium
Enterprises
NGO 10 privateuniversities
RI RC
C&ATT
RI CI C&ATT
- Research Institutes- Research Centres
- Centres and Agencies of Technological Transfering
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Law on Science and Technological Development
- Law on Higher Education
- Governmental Decisions
- CHES Decisions
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Law of Academy of Science
- Ministerial Regulations
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
F I N A N C I N G
National Programs through MOES
Direct State Budget
International Programmes and Projects
Others
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Ministry of Education and Science The main governmental body responsible for the R&D activities
Responsible for the National Programmes including financing
Main consultant to the Government for the development policy
Main information point for the community
Responsible for the bilateral agreements
Support for different activities and actions
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
National Programmes on Priority Areas
Describe the main development objectives
Prepared by Groups of experts
Approved by CSPTD
Implemented through projects (standard procedures)
MOES is responsible for implementation and financing
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Academy of Science of Albania
performs studies and research of theoretical and practical character in different domains of albanologic, social, natural
and technical sciences assists in discovering new domains of studies and research
provides suggestions and necessary expertise to the higher government institutions in resolving problems considered as important for the country development
promotes and encourages the active participation of associations,
scientific foundations and outer collaborators in scientific activity
continues
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
programs, plans and endorses their activity in maintaining
and acquiring scientific awards and prizes.
Academy of Science of Albania
disseminations the scientific product to the end users, public and non public , to contribute to the sustainability
development of the country cooperation in the different programs with the other academies
provide the Annual Report
ASA is a important institution partner of MoES
R&D Management Framework and Network of InstitutionsR&D Management Framework and Network of Institutions
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
MAIN PROBLEMS CSPTD was unable to play its role, because of its composition Is replaced by CHES Limited competences and insufficient supporting infrastructure Very dispersed system with small units Inability of RI to adopt their development according to the new realty
Low R&D activity in Universities Lack of standards of quality Low collaboration and co-operation between different units
continues
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Brain drain
Old equipment and lack of the basic infrastructure
Lack of information on the respective communities in other countries
Very low international integration
High and unnecessary number of Universities and Institutes
MAIN PROBLEMS
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Reorganisation:
Less RI, with clear objectives to fit the country development needs
Adoption of better management framework
Introduction of standards Introduction of Research indicators (OECD) Well-defined procedures for application for financing Accreditation of Universities
continuesActions for changing
Integration of Higher Education with Research
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Office of Foreign Relations
Office of Foreign Relations
Executive CouncilExecutive Council
ACADEMY OF SCIENCESACADEMY OF SCIENCES
Institute of Linguistics and Literature
Institute of Linguistics and Literature
Institute of ArchaeologyInstitute of Archaeology
Institute of Nuclear PhysicInstitute of Nuclear Physic
Center of Art StudiesCenter of Art Studies
Institute of Folc CultureInstitute of Folc Culture
Center of Albanian EncyclopediaCenter of Albanian Encyclopedia
Institute of EconomyInstitute of Economy
Institute of HydrometeorologyInstitute of Hydrometeorology
Institute of SeismologyInstitute of Seismology
Institute of Biological ResearchInstitute of Biological ResearchInstitute of HistoryInstitute of History
Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics
Institute of Informatics and Applied Mathematics
Center for Geographical StudiesCenter for Geographical Studies
Center for Hydraulic ResearchCenter for Hydraulic Research
ASA AssemblyASA Assembly
ASA ChairmanshipASA Chairmanship
General Sector
General Sector
Section of Social ScienceSection of Social ScienceUnit of RTD ProjectsUnit of RTD Projects
Publishing OfficePublishing Office Scientific Library Scientific Library
Section of Natural and Technical Sciences
Section of Natural and Technical Sciences
Thus, all of the institutes of social and Albanological sciences created Thus, all of the institutes of social and Albanological sciences created the Center of Social and Albanological Studies, which stands at a inter-the Center of Social and Albanological Studies, which stands at a inter-university level; university level;
with the Institute of Informatics was created the Faculty of with the Institute of Informatics was created the Faculty of Technologies of Information at the Polytechnic University of Tirana Technologies of Information at the Polytechnic University of Tirana (PUT), within which the Center for Research and Development of (PUT), within which the Center for Research and Development of Information Technologies was created; Information Technologies was created;
with the Institute of Seismology, Institute of Geology and some with the Institute of Seismology, Institute of Geology and some departments of Geological Survey, the Institute of Geosciences was departments of Geological Survey, the Institute of Geosciences was created at the PUT;created at the PUT;
the Institute of Hydro-Meteorology and the Center of Hydraulic Studies the Institute of Hydro-Meteorology and the Center of Hydraulic Studies created the Institute of Energy, Water and Environment at the PUT; created the Institute of Energy, Water and Environment at the PUT;
the Institute of Biological Research was transformed into the the Institute of Biological Research was transformed into the Department of Food Technology, at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of Department of Food Technology, at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the University of Tirana (UT);the University of Tirana (UT);
the Institute of Nuclear Physics was transformed into the Center of the Institute of Nuclear Physics was transformed into the Center of Nuclear and Applied Physics at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the Nuclear and Applied Physics at the Faculty of Natural Sciences of the UT, etc.UT, etc.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
THE STRUCTURE OF ASA
GOVERNMENT
ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
ASA Assembly
Section of SocialScience
ASA Chairmanship
Section of Natural andTechnical Science
General Sector Scientific Library
PublishingOffice
ITOffice of ForeignRelations
Unit of R&DProjects
Executive Council
Infrastructure
Actions for changing
Local Area Networks for all units Realized in all universities and ASA,
Internet access Partially realized
National academic network Under development
International co-operation
Bilateral agreements Regional actions
Join main european and international programmes
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
New organization of Academy of Science
A new Research System
In the end of 2007 year we had:
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Until now Albania has not used any national Until now Albania has not used any national classification and in this reality is very difficult to classification and in this reality is very difficult to transform the existing indicators on R&D into the transform the existing indicators on R&D into the internationally accepted internationally accepted Frascati Frascati classification.classification.
In this situation the government expenditures on In this situation the government expenditures on R&D in Albania evaluated as a part of 85% of the R&D in Albania evaluated as a part of 85% of the expenses by the research institutions. expenses by the research institutions.
Collecting S&T statistics
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Th
ou
sa
nd
s (
US
$)
GDP(US$) 85% for R&D
Government Expenditure on R&D
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Government expenditure on R&D/GDP
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
as % on GDP 0.17 0.14 0.19 0.11 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.18
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Research and Development personnel
by scientific field by sector
Human resources
Number of Doctors
Number of Professors
Number of young researchers
Number of Researchers
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Official statistics for human resources in science Official statistics for human resources in science and technology in Albania for R&D employees and and technology in Albania for R&D employees and researchers do not equate to Full Time Equivalents researchers do not equate to Full Time Equivalents (FTE) as defined in the OECD’s (FTE) as defined in the OECD’s FrascatiFrascati manual. manual.
The only one national statistical institution (INSTAT) The only one national statistical institution (INSTAT) in Albania in Albania
has not provided the statistics for the R&Dhas not provided the statistics for the R&D. .
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
Infrustructure is in a stabilization processInfrustructure is in a stabilization process Indicators on S&T are not relation to OECD, Frascati ManualIndicators on S&T are not relation to OECD, Frascati Manual Survey instruments such as questionnaires, manuals, etc., are Survey instruments such as questionnaires, manuals, etc., are
missedmissed Methodologies for collection of data and analysis are missedMethodologies for collection of data and analysis are missed Funds are missedFunds are missed Qualified people is missedQualified people is missed Etc.Etc.
So, in conclusion, why data on R&D are not currently being collected, are:
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
How we have to do to initiate collecting of R&D data in the near future and possible approaches.
To create a new infrastructure (new sector, agency, etc.),To create a new infrastructure (new sector, agency, etc.), To use the currently international indicators on S&T,To use the currently international indicators on S&T, Use of international survey instruments such as UNESCO Use of international survey instruments such as UNESCO
questionnaires, Frascati manual, etc. in collaboration with UIS questionnaires, Frascati manual, etc. in collaboration with UIS (or other institutions),(or other institutions),
Use of new Methodologies for collection of data and analysis in Use of new Methodologies for collection of data and analysis in collaboration with UIS (or other institutions),collaboration with UIS (or other institutions),
To train people,To train people, To find funds from UNESCO, EC, etc., through joint projects in To find funds from UNESCO, EC, etc., through joint projects in
collaboration with countries that are present,collaboration with countries that are present,
Finally:
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
ACADEMY OF SCIENCEACADEMY OF SCIENCE
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION