mining methods
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Mining methods for sMining methods for steeply dipping and massive deposits
![Page 2: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mining methods for sMining methods for steeply dipping and massive deposits
Self supported methods
Sublevel caving
Block caving
Induced Block Caving
Sublevel stoping
Undercut and fill stoping
Square-set stoping
Cut-and-fill stoping
Shrinkage stoping
With caving of overburden
Without caving of overburden
Supported methods
Large open stope mining
Top slicing
Continues bench backfilling stoping
![Page 3: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
CAVING METHODES
![Page 4: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sublevel caving
![Page 5: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Sublevel caving
![Page 6: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sublevel caving
![Page 7: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Induced block caving
![Page 8: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Induced block caving with blasting on the broken rock
1 - drilling drifts ; 2 - level drift ; 3 - haulage drift ; 4 - draw points ; 5 - control crosscut.
![Page 9: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Blocs foudroyés avec tir avec chambres de dégagement
1 - galeries de foration ; 2 - points de soutirage; 3 -galerie de transport
2
1
3
Volume relatif des chambres de dégagement - 30%
![Page 10: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Bloc caving - non mechanized mining
![Page 11: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Bloc caving - mechanized mining
![Page 12: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Characteristics of caving methods
Application :massive steeply dipping depositslow ore value
Advantages : high stope output and personnel productivitylow costs good security conditions
Disadvantages :method is not selective high dilution and lossesmethod is inflexiblecaving of surface
![Page 13: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Top slicing
Application :steeply dipping deposits ore width > to 3-4 mweak ore and walls high ore value
Advantage : low loss and dilution
Disadvantages :stope production and personnel productivity are lowcosts are high
![Page 14: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
SELF SUPPORTED METHODS
![Page 15: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sublevel stoping
![Page 16: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Sublevel stoping
![Page 17: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sublevel stoping
![Page 18: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Sublevel stoping in thick orebody
A-aB-b
C-c
A
A
C C
B
B
![Page 19: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Large open stope mining
![Page 20: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Large open stope mining
![Page 21: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Large open stope mining
![Page 22: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Large open stope mining with primary and secondary stopes
![Page 23: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Large open stope mining with caving of pillars
![Page 24: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Large open stope mining with lost pillars
![Page 25: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Characteristics of self supported methods
Application :massive steeply dipping depositscompetent ore and host rockslow ore value with lost pillarshigh ore value with cemented fill
Advantages : high stope output and personnel productivitylow dilutionlow costsgood security conditions
Disadvantages :method is not selective high losses in pillars or higher costs for backfillingmethod is inflexible
![Page 26: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
SUPPORTED METHODS
![Page 27: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Continuous bench backfilling stoping
![Page 28: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Cut-and-fill stoping
1 - haulage drift ; 2 - transport drift ; 3 - rise for fill and ventilation ; 4 - ore passe ; 5 - manway rise ; 6 - crosscut ; 7, 8 - pillars ; 9 - ore ; 10 - broken ore ; 11 - backfill .
![Page 29: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cut-and-fill stoping
![Page 30: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cut-and-fill stoping
![Page 31: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Cut-and-fill stoping
![Page 32: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
drilling
loading
filling
competent rock weak rockmedium rock
Cut-and-fill stoping
![Page 33: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
ore
LHD
jumbo
backfill
Cut-and-fill stoping
![Page 34: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cut-and-fill stoping
Drilled stope face LHD in the stope
![Page 35: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Cut-and-fill stoping
![Page 36: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Cut-and-fill stoping
![Page 37: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Dilution calculation
Wdeposit
a
a
Wopening
a2 cosh sin LWopening
a cosh sin LWopening
For > 15 - 20° :
For < 15 - 20° :hL
![Page 38: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Characteristics of cut-and-fill stoping
Application :competent oreweak host rockshigh ore valuedeposit can be irregular
Advantages : method is selectivelow dilution and lossesflexibility
Disadvantages :low stope output and personnel productivity high costs
![Page 39: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
1 - rise for fill ; 2 - orepasse ; 3 - crosscut ; 4 - ventilation opening ; 5 - limit of mining ; 6 - stop limit haulage drift ; 2 - transport drift ; 3 - rise for fill and ventilation ; 4 - ore passe ; 5 - manway rise ; 6 - crosscut ; I - blasting ; II - loading ; III - backfilling.
![Page 40: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
1 - top level ; 2 - haulage level ; 3 - ramp ; 4 - stop access ; 5 - ore and fill pass ; 6 - limit of mining.
![Page 41: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
1 - ore mat ; 2 - reinforcement wire mesh ; 3 - anchoring ; 4 - cable ; 5 - polystyrene sheathing ; 6 - ore ; 7 - walls ; 8 - backfill of the previous cut.
![Page 42: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
ramp, 20%
access to the cut, 20%
R - fill pass ; J - ore pass.
crosscut for backfilling
![Page 43: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
![Page 44: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
![Page 45: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
![Page 46: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
![Page 47: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Undercut-and-fill stoping
![Page 48: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Characteristics of cut-and-fill stoping
Application :weak ore and host rocksvery high ore value
Advantages : method is selectivelow dilution and lossesflexibility
Disadvantages :low stope output and personnel productivity very high costs
![Page 49: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
1 - haulage drift ; 2 - transport drift ; 3 - manway and ventilation rise ; 4 - doghole ; 5 - pillar ; 6 - crosscut ; 7 - ore ; 8 - drillholes ; 9 - brocken ore .
Shrinkage stoping
![Page 50: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Shrinkage stoping
![Page 51: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
1 - haulage drift ; 2 - transport and ventilation drift ; 3 - doghole ; 4 - stop sill.
broken ore
A-A B-B
A
A
B
B
Shrinkage stoping
![Page 52: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
stop in operation
pillarstubing for ventilation
prepared stop
stop at the end of mining
thin
pil
lar
cap pillar of 5 m
openings
fan
haulage level 200 fan
mined out stop
level 144
Alim
ac r
ise
Shrinkage stoping
![Page 53: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
mined out stop
thin
pill
ar
level 130
prepared stop
ore width
haulage level 200
stop in operation
pillars 2.5 x 2 m
cap pillar
hei
ght
Shrinkage stoping
![Page 54: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Characteristics of shrinkage stoping
Application :stable ore and host rockssteeply dipping depositregular boundaries of ore bodyore thickness up to 5 mbroken ore must not re-cement with time
Advantages : selective blastinglow costs
Disadvantages :mucking is not selective low stope output low personnel productivity loss in pillarsdifficulty in mechanization
![Page 55: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Square-set stoping
Application :deposit of 30 to 60° dip and of 1 to 3 m thicknessweak ore and wallshigh value of ore
Advantages :selectivity
low loss and dilution
Disadvantages :stope production and personnel productivity are lowbecause of important wood consumption costs are high
![Page 56: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Application of different mining methods insteeply dipping narrow vein deposits
Walls StabilityInstable Stable
Ore
sta
bili
ty
Inst
able
sS
tab
les
Undercut-and-full filling
Cut-and-fill
Continuous bench backfilling
Sublevel stoping
Shrinkage
Undercut-and-partiamlfilling
![Page 57: Mining Methods](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102416/5457efabb1af9f68298b4719/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Application of different mining methods inmassive vein deposits
Ore stabilityLow ore stability High ore stability
Ore
val
ue
Low
ore
val
ue
Hig
h o
re v
alu
e
Block caving
Cut-and-fill
Sublevel caving
Zone de foudroyageForation
roulage
grizzlysoutirage
Large open stoping with cemented fill
Undercut-and-fill
Large open stoping with lost pillars