minimizing potential losses in forwarding activities in russia: legal view polina kondratyuk for...
TRANSCRIPT
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Minimizing potential losses in forwarding activities in Russia:
legal view
Polina Kondratyuk
for
ACEX Conference 12-14 September 2014
Law bureau
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Transportation in Russia: multimodal
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One forwarder is responsible for all the subsequent carriers
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Only reliable and verified partners
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It happens…
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It happens…
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It happens…
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Quality of service
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•Quality = safety
•Quality = quick & reasonable settlement
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Reimbursement
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Local legislation
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• Russian Civil Code• Law on Forwarding Activities • Rules of Transportation and Forwarding Activity• Motor Transport Charter• Rules of Carriage of Goods by Road • Railway Transport Charter + Rules of Carriage of Goods by Railway Transport• Merchant Shipping Code• Air law • Inland Water Transport Code• Opinions of Supreme Arbitrazh Court• etc.
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TRANSPORTATION CONTRACTS: forwarding
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• Mandatory written form• Client shall issue POA • Rules of Transportation and Forwarding Activity provide issuing of the special
documents:• Forwarding receipt• Forwarding order• Warehouse receipt
• The parties are free to determine contract provisions with minor exceptions
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TRANSPORTATION CONTRACTS: carriage
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•Shall be confirmed by the transportation waybill
•The special forms for waybills are provided by the Rules for this type of carriage
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Examples of defense positions with no chance to success
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• Theft of cargo, road/railway/air accidents are force majeure circumstances according to contractual provisions
• Carrier/forwarder shall not compensate damages to cargo inflicted by third party’s actions (example – road accident where carrier’s driver is not a breaching party)
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Practical tips – some aspects of domestic law
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•Claims procedure
•Domestic law - mandatory pre-action procedure
• International law (i.e. CMR) – no mandatory pre-action procedure
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Practical tips – some aspects of domestic law
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• Limitation of action
•Russian law – peremptory requirements, 1-year limitation period cannot be extended upon agreement of parties
• In some jurisdictions (i.e. UK) extension is possible
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Practical tips
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• Liability: forwarder
•Cost or declared value of cargo
•CanNOT be reduced by forwarding agreement
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Practical tips
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• Liability: carrier
•Cost or declared value of cargo (i.e. domestic road carriage)•Cost or declared value of cargo, or indemnity
calculation by weight (i.e. air carriage, international road transportation etc.)
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Practical tips
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•Forwarder’s liability is often broader than carrier’s liability
FORWARDER’s LIABILITY
CARRIER’S LIABILITY
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Insurance
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cargo insurer
cargo owner forwarder
carrierliability insurer
liability insurer
subrogation subrogation
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Supreme Arbitrazh court legalized liability insurance
Ruling of the Presidium of Supreme Arbitrazh court dated 13 April 2010 No. 16996/09
brought insurance of carriers’ and forwarding agents’ liability into the legal framework
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The “most popular” damages
• For sea carriage:• Water damage• Damage during loading operations
• For air carriage:• Damage during loading operations • Shortage of cargo
• For road carriage:• Road accidents • Theft and fraud• Damage during loading operations
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SUMMARY
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