mini project 1-lighting engineering

Lighting Installed Load Efficacy Ratio (ILER)

Lighting Engineering (CEG61102) 1 | P a g e

Master of Engineering Technology

(Green and Energy Efficient Building) CEG 61102 Lighting Engineering

Mini Project 1 – Lighting Installed Load Efficacy Ratio (ILER)

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR - MICET

MOHD AZIM BIN AB RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD NOR HIDAYAT BIN RADUAN, ANAS BIN

MOHD JAAFAR

______________________________________________________________________

ABSTRACT

This experiment demonstrated how to approach to room lighting – one that gives tools

to improve the learning environment, while reducing energy consumption. The meeting

room was installed with 12 rods of fluorescent tube lamp (Philips TLD 36W/54) –

2500lm, 69lm/W. The study used direct and indirect experiment methods to access how

the lighting systems were used to benefit the learning environment. 20 data points were

collected showing the Integrated Meeting room Lighting Systems met the needs of

today teaching methodology. The experiment developed a flexible easy to use design

and lighting layout template enabling the Institute designer to quickly adapt the research

finding. Preference studies showed the people are using that room unanimously

preferred the Lighting systems over existing lighting (daylight ) that it had impact on the

way they making any discussion matter in that room.

Keywords: Meeting Room Lighting, people preference, sustainability, University Room,

energy efficiency, student performance, day lighting



INTRODUCTION

This paper presents the findings of demonstration experiment conducted for the

meeting room located at UniKL- MIIT, level 22 for Postgraduate Student – Research

and Development (IPS). The research examined the quantity of having lighting in one

particular room and the essential lighting needed for individual for having light to

perform their job in particular room and whether the room is sufficient with light source

by doing some calculating the lighting installed Load Efficacy Ratio (ILER). The meeting

room was selected for the experiment with the length is 6.7m, the width is 4.8m and the

height is 2.67m. 20 points are taken for their measuring illuminance based on the room

index calculation which is the room index is (1<RI<2). The measurement grids are

positioned and representative area of the working plane. The room is completed with

set of furniture, 3 big window glass opening, two doors, one projector and screen

projector, two small long windows and 13 office chairs.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Light is very important to gives us the clear picture to complete any job or task, without

light everything cannot be done perfectly. The highest light we received is from sunlight.

Daylight provides a better lighting environment than cool white or energy – efficient

fluorescent through evolution, humans have come to compare with all other light” (

Franta and Anstead, 1994) . The majority of humans prefer a daylight environment

because sunlight consists of a balanced spectrum of color, with its energy peaking

slightly in the blue- green area of the visible spectrum (Liberman 1991). According to Et

Al (1992), natural light also has the highest levels of light needed for biological function.

From all statement above show that daylight is the main light for human in this world.

Daylight in the classroom reported an increase in general well being. Specific benefits in

these types of classroom or office room environments include better health; reduce

absenteeism, increase productivity, financial saving and preference of workers. Benefits

to the office or classroom, they require that workers be within 27 feet of a window

(Franta and Anstead 1994)



In building daylight cannot integrated using a full- spectrum bright lights where it shown

to positively affect the workers in the buildings. Full- spectrum bright lights allow day

and night workers to adjust their internal clocks or circadian cycles to match work

cycles. Improvements in productivity can decrease the percentage of accidents and also

can increase the level of mental performance (Luo 1998), that is why the better lighting

in particular room need the right efficiency lighting for the better performance for the

people inside the room.

METHODOLOGY

1. The measurement of following parameters is required.

1. Illuminance

2. Power input

3. Length & width of room, mounting height

2. Illuminance measurement points are determined by using formula for Room index:

3. 20 points are generated from the formula where the RI for the meeting room we

selected is 1<RI<2 which is the minimum number of measurement points for ±5%

accuracy is 18. Below is the table for number point for measuring illuminance:

Figure 1

Table 1: Room Index



4. Every 20 points generated are measured by using Light Meter/ calibrate lux meter to

get the data every of each point. Every measurement method must off and on the light

before taken the measurement. Average value is measured after all points collected and

need to multiply with the correction factor as shown in the table below. Fluorescent

Lamp are used in the meeting room with amount of 12 rods.

5. The number of Average Illuminance are generated by using formula below, then to

get the total available lumens on the measurement plane is the value of average

illuminance multiply with the area of the room. The figure 3 below show that the formula

to get for the value of total available lumens on the measurement plane.

Table 2: Correction Factor

Figure 2

Figure 3



6. Then, the target installed load efficacy is measured by get the data from the table

below, where the value for the ILE is 13.87 lm/W:

No Item Value Unit

1 Number of lamps 12

2 Length of room m 6.7 m

3 Width of room m 4 4.8 m

4 Floor area 32.16 m2

5 Height of lamp from the plane of measurement 2.4 m

6 Room index 1.17

7 Number of illuminance measurement points taken 20

8 Average room illuminance 238.15 lux

9 Measured/estimated circuit power 552 w

10 Installed Lighting Efficacy 13.87 lm/w

11 Target Lighting efficacy 46 lm/w

Table 3



7. Lastly the value for ILER (Installed Load Efficiency Ratio) is measured by using the

equation below to generate the value for ILER;

For the Target Load Efficacy (TLE), the table below shown that the value for particular

room with the value is already given. To get the value for TLE, the Room Index (RI)

needs to identify.

Table 4: TLE



RESULT

1. The experiment has been done at meeting room. Details of the experiment:

Location UniKL (MIIT)

Level 22

Type of room Meeting Room

Room number 2207

2. The details of the room shows as below:

Figure 4: Top View of the Meeting Room



3. Calculation of room index, RI

Length: 6.7m

Width: 4.8m

Height: 2.67m

Height from table measuring point to ceiling, Hm: 2.4m

RI= 1.17

4. From the room index result, the minimum number illuminance measurement

points is decided as follow in the table below:

The table determine about the minimum number of measuring points that need to

be calculate. Since our room index is 1.17, so the minimum number of

measurement points that should been taken is 18 for 5% accuracy.

For this experiment, we took 20 of measurement points. So, it follows the terms

in room index that showed in the table above.

Table 5: Room Index



5. The average of luminance has been calculated as below, which it involve 20 of

measuring points:

A B C D

1 108 130 152 150

2 158 274 308 277

3 153 307 351 241

4 158 296 374 242

5 209 289 309 277

Average 238.15

AveTask 274

AveNon-Task 214.25

6. The meeting room used fluorescent lamp as their light source. So, for the

correction factor for lux meter, we refer to the fluorescent lamp that shown in the

table below:

Table 6: Correction Factor



From the average luminance result and correction factor that we had taken, we

can calculate the average illuminance. The formula shown as:

Average illuminance,

Average illuminance, E= 257.202

7. To identify the total luminous flux (lumens) incident on measurement plane, we

need to multiply the average of illuminance with area:

Total available lumens on the measurement plane,

8271.62



To identify the installed load efficacy, it can be calculated by using this formula

shown as below:

No Item Value Unit






6 Room index 1.17






Table 7: Installed Lighting Efficacy



8. To estimate the installed load efficacy ratio, ILER the result shown in the red box

as below:

No Item Value Unit






6 Room index 1.17






12 Installed Lighting efficacy ratio 0.30

9. Some of the factor that should be taken as possible, that is because of the value

for the ILER is less than 0.5 mean the meeting room is need take some action for

the lighting efficancy. The reason might be the reflector of poor luminanaire

efficancy, some other thing might be because of the maintenance of reflectors

not proper due to dirt/dust accumulation and also because of poor maintenance

of wall, floor and roof reflectance levels.

Table 8: Installed Lighting Efficacy Ratio

Table 9



10. From this experiment, the total result shown as below:

No Item Value Unit






6 Room index 1.17






12 Installed Lighting efficacy ratio 0.30

13 Uncertainty %

14 Average illuminance on task areas 274

15 Average illuminance on non- task areas 214.25

16 Diversity ratio 1.28

No Description Measured Parameter Accuracy

1 Power Meter Power 1.0%

2 Lux Meter Illuminance 5.0%

Table 10



DAYLIGHT FACTOR

Methodology

Daylight factor is one of the factor influenced the lighting in one particular room. The

experiment was running in the day time and daylight influenced for some of the results.

To see how percentage or the range of daylight factor influenced the room for the

experimented room as below:

1. The room is dark without any artificial light source, but only light from the

sun are allowed to enter to room. All the window s is closed to source of daylight

are opening as wide as possible to allow the sun light come in.

2. 1 meter is taken for the distance from the window and for the second point is

also 1 meter until reached to the end of the corner. In this room, for 6 points are

identified and every of the point are recorded, below is the reading point:

Figure 5: Point reading



3. The measurement is measured by using a Light Meter at each point marked

and by using the formula we gained the results as below:

EP (lx) Ehz (lx) Total %

730 71200 1.025281

700 69900 1.001431

680 68500 0.992701

600 67600 0.887574

450 66700 0.674663

320 66100 0.484115

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1M 2M 3M 4M 5M 6M

Light Curve

Table 11: Value for EP and Ehz

Figure 6: Daylight Factor Curve



CONCLUSION

Based on the results from the value of ILER at the room, shown that the value for ILER is less

than 0.5 which is need for the urgent action to correct the lighting quality. There are several

factor influenced the results for the ILER in this room which is poor maintenance of wall, floor

and roof reflectance level, in addition the reflectors of poor luminance efficiency especially at the

floor which is been installed with dark color carpet where there are less reflection to the area in

the room.

For the Daylight Factor curve results, as we can indentify that there are 3 big glasses installed

to the room where it consist to received higher sun light percentage in the day time. The results

shown that almost 80% the area in the room are received sunlight and the curve shows that it

covered the area of the table where most of student and lecturer are doing task on the plane

surface. The shape of the curve also influenced by the window’s shape, the window shape size

is almost covered the entire of the wall at the left side.

mini project 1-lighting engineering

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