mini-b passive house · passive house standard 1. heat loss demand = 4.75 kbtu/sf-yr 4. thermal...

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comfort - fresh air - affordability mini-B Passive House SEATTLE CENTRAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE: Frank Mestemacher - Carpentry Instructor Carol Volpe SCCC Curriculum Developer Robert Natoli SCCC BIT Instructor Joel Bosshardt SCCC BIT-WCC Liaison Darlene Moore - SCCC student VeraEve Giampietro WCC & Graphics Support INDUSTRY AND TRADE SPONSORS: Tom Schneider - BEI Wet-Flash, Prosoco Kevin Nolan - Vapro-Shield Pat Nolan - Greenwood-Phinney Electric Mike Fletcher - Georgia-Pacific DAP Joe Beedy Acrylitex Smooth Wall Don Olsen & Eric Palmer Painting Decorating & Drywall JATC Mark Maher Cement Masons & Plasters Jim Charest W. Washington Masonry Trades Greg Hartman Illustrations SUPER EFFICIENT SMALL DWELLING Joseph Giampietro Architect & CPHC www.miniBPassiveHouse.com

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Page 1: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

comfort - fresh air - affordabilitymini-B Passive House

SEATTLE CENTRAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE:

Frank Mestemacher - Carpentry Instructor

Carol Volpe – SCCC Curriculum Developer

Robert Natoli – SCCC BIT Instructor

Joel Bosshardt – SCCC BIT-WCC Liaison

Darlene Moore - SCCC student

VeraEve Giampietro – WCC & Graphics Support

INDUSTRY AND TRADE SPONSORS:

Tom Schneider - BEI Wet-Flash, Prosoco

Kevin Nolan - Vapro-Shield

Pat Nolan - Greenwood-Phinney Electric

Mike Fletcher - Georgia-Pacific DAP

Joe Beedy – Acrylitex Smooth Wall

Don Olsen & Eric Palmer

Painting Decorating & Drywall JATC

Mark Maher – Cement Masons & Plasters

Jim Charest – W. Washington Masonry Trades

Greg Hartman Illustrations

SUPER EFFICIENT SMALL DWELLING

Joseph Giampietro Architect & CPHC

www.miniBPassiveHouse.com

Page 2: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Outline

1. Design Concept – Why a PH – DADU?

2. Passive House Challenges

3. Construction Process

4. Tested Results / Projected Energy Use

5. Lessons Learned – What works, or not

6. What next?

Page 3: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

1. Design Concept Drawings

COMFORTTemperature -- Radiation – Air Movement

FRESH AIRClean – Filtered – Draft Free

AFFORDABILITYFirst Cost – Life Cycle Cost -- Sustainable

Demonstrating Simple & Affordable Passive House(living in a warmer climate zone)

Page 4: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Design Intent of Interior

Bed Loft - Kitchenette - ¾ Bath - 12 x 16 Living Area

Page 5: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Passive House Standard1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction

(calculate negative & positive bridges)

“HEAT WITH A HAIR DRYER”

2. Primary Energy = 38.00 kBTU/sf-yr 5. Triple-Pane Glazing (recommended)

3. AIR TIGHT 6. HRV/ERV Efficiency = 75%+

Blower Door Test = 0.60 ACH50 (Heat/Energy Recovery Ventilation)

Page 6: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

2. PH Challenges

1. Envelope to Floor Area Ratio of 5.7:1 = High Heat Loss

2. Lots of penetrations relative to Floor Area = More Infiltration

3. Primary Energy Use – all the functions of a larger home

Page 7: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Maxing Out the Options

1. Windows focused on south elevation – 43% of floor area

2. Thermal mass in concrete topping slab & 5/8 in GWB

3. Summer Shading to limit overheating

4. Evaluate Thermal Bridges of Intersections

5. Solar Hot Water Evacuated Tubes for Domestic Hot Water

6. No dishwasher – No Washer – No Dryer

Page 8: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Thermal Bridge Inputs

Group # Qty

User

Deter-

mined

Length

[ft]

Subtrac-

tion

User-

Determin

ed

Length

[ft]

Length l

[ft]

Input of

Thermal

Bridge

Heat Loss

Coefficient

Y

[BTU/(hr.

ft.F)]

190deg wall

corner exterior21 4 7.40 29.60

90deg wall corner exterior

-0.050

2Roof Eave at

Wall21 1 38.00 38.00

Roof Eave at Wall-0.011

3Roof at Gable

End21 4 8.00 32.00

Roof at Gable End-0.050

4 Roof at Ridge 21 1 31.00 31.00 Roof at Ridge -0.026

5Perimeter at

Ground22 2 36.00 72.00

Perimeter at Ground-0.033

6

7

8

Therm Results for 2D Assembly Therm Results for Combined 1D Assemblies Resulting Psi

2D model 1D model A 1D model B Psi

U L dT ULdT error U L dT ULdT error U L dT ULdT error PsidT dT Psi

(Btu/h-f2F) (f) (F) (Btu/h-f) (%) (Btu/h-f2F) (f) (F) (Btu/h-f) (%) (Btu/h-f2F) (f) (F) (Btu/h-f) (%) (Btu/h-f) (K) (Btu/h-f-F)

90 degree corner at Mini-B 0.0202 5.75 36 4.1814 3.81 0.0208 4 36 2.9952 0.8 0.0208 4 36 2.9952 0 -1.809 36 -0.05025

Ridge of Roof 0.0232 6.089 36 5.085533 5.34 0.0193 4.348 36 3.0209904 2.04 0.0193 4.348 36 3.02099 2.04 -0.95645 36 -0.02657

Eave at Roof/Wall 0.0222 6.946 36 5.551243 3.31 0.0205 4 36 2.952 0.1 0.0208 4 36 2.9952 0.84 -0.39596 36 -0.011

Perimeter at Ground 0.0168 6.896 36 4.170701 9.9 0.0205 5.896 36 4.351248 0.61 0.0146 3.875 18 1.01835 4.76 -1.1989 36 -0.0333

6 in wall glazing

Light Shelf above Door 0.0481 6.156 36 10.65973 8.15 0.0189 0.5625 36 0.382725 na 0.11 1.519 36 6.01524 na -0.17092 36 -0.00475

and big windows 0.3 0.333 36 3.5964 na 0.023 1.01 36 0.83628 can be ignored

wind frame spacer

Thermal

Bridges

Page 9: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Floor Portion of Perimeter Condition

Page 10: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Wall Portion of Perimeter Condition

Page 11: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Two D Therm Analysis – 0.033 BTU/hr.ft.F

Page 12: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Temperature Gradient at Perimeter

Page 13: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Wall Corner – 1 D Therm Result

Page 14: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Wall Corner – 2 D Result – 0.050 BTU/hr.ft.F

Page 15: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Wall Corner – Temperature Gradient

Page 16: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Wall Corner – Energy Flow – 0.050 BTU/hr.ft.F

Page 17: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Wall/Roof – Energy Flow – 0.011 BTU/hr.ft.F

Page 18: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Roof Ridge – Energy Flow – 0.026 BTU/hr.ft.F

Page 19: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Roof Ridge – Temperature Gradient

Page 20: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Light Shelf – 2D Analysis +0.00475 BTU/hr.sf.F

Page 21: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Thermal Bridge Inputs

Group # Qty

User

Deter-

mined

Length

[ft]

Subtrac-

tion

User-

Determin

ed

Length

[ft]

Length l

[ft]

Input of

Thermal

Bridge

Heat Loss

Coefficient

Y

[BTU/(hr.

ft.F)]

190deg wall

corner exterior21 4 7.40 29.60

90deg wall corner exterior

-0.050

2Roof Eave at

Wall21 1 38.00 38.00

Roof Eave at Wall-0.011

3Roof at Gable

End21 4 8.00 32.00

Roof at Gable End-0.050

4 Roof at Ridge 21 1 31.00 31.00 Roof at Ridge -0.026

5Perimeter at

Ground22 2 36.00 72.00

Perimeter at Ground-0.033

6

7

8

Therm Results for 2D Assembly Therm Results for Combined 1D Assemblies Resulting Psi

2D model 1D model A 1D model B Psi

U L dT ULdT error U L dT ULdT error U L dT ULdT error PsidT dT Psi

(Btu/h-f2F) (f) (F) (Btu/h-f) (%) (Btu/h-f2F) (f) (F) (Btu/h-f) (%) (Btu/h-f2F) (f) (F) (Btu/h-f) (%) (Btu/h-f) (K) (Btu/h-f-F)

90 degree corner at Mini-B 0.0202 5.75 36 4.1814 3.81 0.0208 4 36 2.9952 0.8 0.0208 4 36 2.9952 0 -1.809 36 -0.05025

Ridge of Roof 0.0232 6.089 36 5.085533 5.34 0.0193 4.348 36 3.0209904 2.04 0.0193 4.348 36 3.02099 2.04 -0.95645 36 -0.02657

Eave at Roof/Wall 0.0222 6.946 36 5.551243 3.31 0.0205 4 36 2.952 0.1 0.0208 4 36 2.9952 0.84 -0.39596 36 -0.011

Perimeter at Ground 0.0168 6.896 36 4.170701 9.9 0.0205 5.896 36 4.351248 0.61 0.0146 3.875 18 1.01835 4.76 -1.1989 36 -0.0333

6 in wall glazing

Light Shelf above Door 0.0481 6.156 36 10.65973 8.15 0.0189 0.5625 36 0.382725 na 0.11 1.519 36 6.01524 na -0.17092 36 -0.00475

and big windows 0.3 0.333 36 3.5964 na 0.023 1.01 36 0.83628 can be ignored

wind frame spacer

Thermal

Bridges

Page 22: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

3. Construction Team

WCC - Seattle Central

Community College

Frank Mestemacher

Carpentry InstructorSouth Seattle Community College

Georgetown Campus

In Association with the SCCC

Business Information Technology

Department – Robert Natoli

Instructor

Page 23: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

BEI Training for R-Guard Installation

Page 24: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

BEI Joint/Seam Filler at window joint

Page 25: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Cat-5 Wall Treatment at Window

Page 26: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Cat-5 Wall Treatment at North Wall

Page 27: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Floor Framing in place

Page 28: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Walls up – ready for Roof

Page 29: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

BEI - Prosoco - EnvelopeAir Tight Layer – 0.60ACH50Will STUDENTS pass the test?

R-Guard / Wet-Flash Products

Fast Flash – window wrap

Joint/Seam Filler – cracks/joints

Cat-5 - Weather Resistive Barrier

Air Dam – window caulking

1 - VAPOR PERMEABLE

2 - SELF - HEALING

3 - AIR BARRIER

Seals pipe & electrical

penetrations

Exterior sheathed & weather sealed

Page 30: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Window Install with Air Dam

Page 31: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

EPS continuous exterior insulation

Page 32: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Closing in the “Beer Cooler”

Page 33: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Vapro-Shield over EPS Insulation

“Slope Shield” on the Roof

“Wall Shield” on Walls

Sheds Water

Vapor Permeable

Serious 925 Windows

U-11 Glazing

U-18 Assembly

1x4 Cedar Furring Straps(secured with 12 SIPS screws)

Page 34: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Summer Siding (& Roofing) Crew

Hardie Panel 12-inch Exposure

Over Vented Rain Screen Air Gap

5/4 by 10 Cedar Trim

Champion Standing Seam

Metal Roofing (over 1x4 furring)

Page 35: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Summer crew enjoying the view

Page 36: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Insulation & Drywall Finish

Inside GP paperless drywall completes the Insulation Sandwich = R-53

3.5-inches of Blown-in Fiberglass & 9-inches of EPS foam

Continuous Ext. Insulation

equals

No Thermal Bridging

Paperless Drywall by GP

equalsNo Mold Potential (on GWB)

Page 37: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Plumbing & Electrical in stud walls

Page 38: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

With Blown-in-Blankets

Page 39: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

w/ Wall Board & floor prepped for concrete topping

Page 40: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Crew ready the Blower Door test

Page 41: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

Is the door well sealed?

Page 42: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

16 cfm = 0.38 ACH50

Page 43: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

4. Design Energy Use / Tested Results

Blower Door Test #1 0.58 ACH50 (at framing stage)

Blower Door Test #2 0.38 ACH50 (finished)

2009 WA Energy Code .Roof R-38Walls R-21Floor R-30Windows U-0.30Airtightness 5.25 ACH50 .Total Heat Demand / Year = 10,320 kBTU

at Seattle City Light rate = $ 240.00

Mini-B Passive House .Roof R-53Walls R-53Floor R-74Windows U-0.18Airtightness 0.60 ACH50 .Total Heat Demand / Year = 1,256 kBTU

at Seattle City Light rate = $ 30.00

COMFORTFRESH AIRLONG TERM AFFORDABILITY

“HEAT WITH A HAIR DRYER”

Page 44: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

PHPP Data Points/ResultsSpecific Heat Demand:

(Monthly) kBTU/(sf.yr)As Pre-approved 4.55Re-Submitted 10/9 4.34With tested ACH50 4.09

Freq. of Overheating 4%Aver. Shading Reduc. 50%Spec. Capacity Factor 18

(range is 11-36)

Window Heat Loss 53%Wall Heat Loss 32%Roof Heat Loss 20%Ground Heat Loss 7%Total Heat Loss 112%Neg Thermal Bridges 12%

Transmission Heat Losses 19.98Ventilation Heat Losses 2.91Total Heat Losses 22.89

Avail. Solar Heat Gain 22.30Internal Heat Gain 3.88Free Heat 26.18

Utilization Factor 71%(Monthly)

Net Monthly Heat Demand 4.34

Spec. Energy Demand 37.1Refrigerator 345 kWhr/yrTotal Electricity 634 kWhr/yr

Page 45: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

5. Lessons Learned

A. mini-B requires full solar exposure

B. Would build one foot smaller in heightto minimize cost of transport

C. Need a smaller (less expensive) ERV

D. Mineral Wool Fiber vs. EPS

E. Therm analysis made an 11% difference

F. It takes a big effort to go mini

Page 46: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

6. Where do we go from here?

Phinney Neighborhood Association – North Seattle!(after 6-months Mini-B will be for sale as a Backyard Cottage)

www.passivehouse.us www.passivehouse.com www.passivehouse-international.orgwww.phnw.org www.minibpassivehouse.com www.passivehouseprojects.wordpress.com

Page 47: mini-B Passive House · Passive House Standard 1. Heat Loss Demand = 4.75 kBTU/sf-yr 4. Thermal Bridge Free Construction (calculate negative & positive bridges) “HEAT WITH A HAIR

comfort - fresh air - affordabilitymini-B Passive House

SEATTLE CENTRAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE:

Frank Mestemacher - Carpentry Instructor

Carol Volpe – SCCC Curriculum Developer

Robert Natoli – SCCC BIT Instructor

Joel Bosshardt – SCCC BIT-WCC Liaison

Darlene Moore - SCCC student

VeraEve Giampietro – WCC & Graphics Support

INDUSTRY AND TRADE SPONSORS:

Tom Schneider - BEI Wet-Flash, Prosoco

Kevin Nolan - Vapro-Shield

Pat Nolan - Greenwood-Phinney Electric

Mike Fletcher - Georgia-Pacific DAP

Joe Beedy – Acrylitex Smooth Wall

Don Olsen & Eric Palmer

Painting Decorating & Drywall JATC

Mark Maher – Cement Masons & Plasters

Jim Charest – W. Washington Masonry Trades

Robert

Greg Hartman Illustrations

SUPER EFFICIENT SMALL DWELLING

Joseph Giampietro Architect & CPHC

www.miniBPassiveHouse.com