minerals objectives: identify characteristics of a mineral identify characteristics of a mineral...
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MineralsMineralsObjectives: Objectives: Identify characteristics of a Identify characteristics of a mineralmineralDescribe the composition of Describe the composition of MineralsMineralsExplain how minerals have Explain how minerals have different structuresdifferent structures
MineralsMinerals
MineralMineral: A : A naturally occurring, naturally occurring, inorganic solid, inorganic solid, with a distinct with a distinct chemical chemical composition and composition and structurestructure..
Halite: a.k.a SaltHalite: a.k.a Salt
NaClNaCl
Mineral CharacteristicsMineral Characteristics
Occurs naturallyOccurs naturally SolidSolid Definite chemical Definite chemical
compositioncomposition Crystal structureCrystal structure Inorganic (was Inorganic (was
never alive)never alive)
Chemical CompositionChemical Composition
Some minerals Some minerals contain only one contain only one type of element.type of element.
Other minerals Other minerals may have 2 more may have 2 more different elements.different elements.
Chemical CompositionChemical Composition
CrystalsCrystals
Crystal: regular Crystal: regular geometric solid, geometric solid, usually has smooth usually has smooth sides called sides called faces.faces.
Crystal StructureCrystal Structure
The orderly The orderly arrangement of arrangement of atoms determines atoms determines the crystal the crystal structure.structure.
Quartz= SiOQuartz= SiO22
CrystalsCrystals
MalachiteAmazonite
Rhodochrosite
CrystalsCrystalsTourmaline Mottramite
Dioptase
Same Mineral Different Same Mineral Different StructureStructure
Diamonds and GraphiteDiamonds and Graphite Both made of CarbonBoth made of Carbon Atomic structure Atomic structure
determines propertiesdetermines properties
Mineral originsMineral origins
Goal: be able to explain how Goal: be able to explain how various minerals are made.various minerals are made.
Mineral FormationMineral Formation
Ways to form Ways to form mineralsminerals– MagmaMagma– EvaporationEvaporation– CrystallizationCrystallization
Minerals from MagmaMinerals from Magma In magma In magma moleculesmolecules
are able to flow freely.are able to flow freely. As magma As magma coolscools, ,
molecules move closer molecules move closer together, bond, and together, bond, and make a new make a new compound.compound.
If magma If magma cools fastcools fast, , your minerals have your minerals have small grainssmall grains, if it , if it cools cools slowslow you have you have big big grains.grains.
EvaporitesEvaporites
When a solution When a solution evaporates, the evaporates, the water leaves, and water leaves, and what stays are the what stays are the mineralsminerals
Salt Water: Water Salt Water: Water evaporates, the evaporates, the salt remainssalt remains
Lake BedsLake Beds
CrystalizationCrystalization
Elements in an Elements in an aqueous solution aqueous solution solidify into solidify into crystals.crystals.
PrecipitatePrecipitate Minerals left Minerals left
behind as water behind as water moves, drips, etc…moves, drips, etc…