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Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?

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Page 1: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Minerals

EQ:How are minerals a part of

rocks?

Page 2: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are

common.The most common are quartz,

feldspar, mica, and calcite.

Page 3: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

What is a Mineral?

DEF: A naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure & a definite chemical composition.

Example: Quartz

Page 4: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Naturally-occurring

Never man-made

Ex: Like rocks

Page 5: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Inorganic: Means the mineral cannot

come from things that were once living

Non Example: Coal – it is organic because it comes from plants that lived millions of years ago.

Page 6: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Solid

Definite shape, definite volume

A 3-D geometric figure

Not a liquid or a gas!

Page 7: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Crystal: The repeating pattern of particles, line up when they form

Like a snowflake pattern or rock candy

Page 8: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

6 Different Crystal Systems:

Cubic Ex: Magnetite

Hexagonal Ex: Quartz

Tetragonal Ex: Rutile

Orthorhombic Ex: Sulfur

Monoclinic Ex: Azurite

Triclinic Ex: Microcline Feldspar

Page 9: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Definite Chemical Composition Certain elements form

together in specific ways

Like Hydrogen & Oxygen (H2O) and Carbon & Oxygen (CO2) form together to make these compounds

Page 10: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Physical Properties Identify Minerals

Physical Properties include several “tests” you can perform on minerals to determine what type of mineral they might be.

Page 11: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

1. Streak Test The color of the mineral’s

powder that’s left behind when it is rubbed across a rough surface

Example: Pyrite looks like gold but, it’s streak looks greenish-black (aka “fool’s gold”)

Page 12: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

2. Luster

Describes how light is reflected from the mineral’s surface. What does it look like?

Page 13: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Types of Luster Metallic Ex: Galena

Glassy Ex: Topaz

Waxy, Greasy, Pearly Ex: Talc

Dull Ex: Graphite

Silky Ex: Malachite

Earthy Ex: Hematite

Page 14: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

3. Density

Page 15: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

4. Cleavage

One way minerals break

Easily split along flat surfaces

Ex: Mica & Feldspar

Page 16: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

5. Fracture One way minerals break Break unevenly in irregular

ways

Chipped Shell-like Ex: Quartz Jagged points Ex: Copper

& Iron Crumbles Ex: Clay

Page 17: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

6. Mohs Hardness Scale A scale that ranks 10 minerals from softest

to hardest. You can compare unknown minerals to the minerals on this scale Hardness can be tested by a Scratch Test A mineral can scratch any other softer

mineral It can also BE scratched by any harder

mineral

Softest Mineral – TalcHardest Mineral - Diamond

Page 18: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,
Page 19: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Color is the most easily observed mineral property and the least

useful! Some exceptions to the color rule would be cinnabar, which is always red, and malachite, which is green.

Page 20: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Many minerals have a similar color.

Page 21: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

For example, pure quartz is colorless or white,

impurities can make the mineral rose, purple or pink!

Page 22: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Malleable

Magnetic

Radioactive

Flourescence

Taste

Page 23: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Minerals that can be hammered thin or shaped are said to show

these properties.Can you think of a mineral that might be shaped or hammered?

GOLD

Page 24: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Some minerals that contain

Iron, are magnetic and can be picked

up by a magnet.

Page 25: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

This is the state of glowing while

under a ultraviolet light.

Some minerals even glow once

the light is turned off!

Page 26: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Some minerals, such as this

uraninite, are radioactive.

They give off subatomic

particles that will activate a Geiger

counter.

Page 27: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Halite (rock salt) can be

identified by its taste.

This practice is not

recommended!

Page 28: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Discuss the following!

How many of the characteristics of minerals

can you name?

Why isn’t color a very good property to identify most

minerals?

Luster, color, streak, malleable, cleavage/fracture, taste, fluoresence, magnetic, hardness, and density

Some minerals have similar colors

Page 29: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Discuss the following!

There are four common minerals, how many can you

name?

Of the four common minerals, which one makes up over 60%

of the Earth’s crust?

quartz,feldspar,mica, and calcite

feldspar

Page 30: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

Discuss the following!

Does this mineral show cleavage or fracture?

Of the four most common minerals, which is the

highest hardness?

Cleveage

quartz

Page 31: Minerals EQ: How are minerals a part of rocks?. Of the almost 4000 known minerals, only about 30 are common. The most common are quartz, feldspar, mica,

How Earth’s surface forms

Minerals make rocks EX: Granite may be made of many different

minerals (feldspar, mica, hornblende, quartz) Rocks are classified by how they are

formed EX: Igneous rocks form from magma/lava

cooling d. Different processes change rock & the

surface of the Earth EX: Weathering & Erosion break down rocks

& move them to new places


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