minerals characteristics of minerals. minerals are… naturally occurring (not man made) naturally...
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Minerals are…Minerals are…
Naturally occurring (not man Naturally occurring (not man made)made)
Yes - Diamonds No – Cubic Zirconia
Minerals are…Minerals are…
Inorganic (non-living)Inorganic (non-living)
From non-living carbon
From carbon of plants
Mineral Not a mineral
Minerals are…Minerals are…
Solid – definite volume, definite Solid – definite volume, definite shapeshape
Minerals are…Minerals are…
Solid – definite volume, definite Solid – definite volume, definite shapeshape
Definite chemical (fixed) compositionDefinite chemical (fixed) composition
A mineral always contains certain elements in definite proportions
Minerals have…Minerals have…
Crystal structure – a repeating Crystal structure – a repeating pattern of particlespattern of particles
Write a definition for a mineral
A mineral is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
Identifying MineralsIdentifying Minerals
ColorColor Streak – Streak – color of the mineral as a powdercolor of the mineral as a powder
- we use a streak plate (unglazed- we use a streak plate (unglazed
porcelain) to create the powderporcelain) to create the powder
Where do we perform aStreak test everyday?
Using a pencil.
Identifying MineralsIdentifying Minerals
Luster – Luster – how light reflects off the surfacehow light reflects off the surface
of a mineralof a mineral
Metallic (like metal)Metallic (like metal)
Nonmetallic – glassy, waxy, greasy, Nonmetallic – glassy, waxy, greasy, pearly,pearly,
dull, silky, earthydull, silky, earthy
Identifying MineralsIdentifying Minerals
Density – mass per unit volumeDensity – mass per unit volume
density= mass/volumedensity= mass/volume
Identifying MineralsIdentifying Minerals
Density – mass per unit volumeDensity – mass per unit volume
density= mass/volumedensity= mass/volume Mass = 72 g Volume = 9 cmMass = 72 g Volume = 9 cm3 3 Density = ? Density = ?
8 g/cm8 g/cm33
Hardness – Hardness – how easily a mineral can be how easily a mineral can be
scratchedscratched Moh’s ScaleMoh’s Scale
Softest (1) - Hardest (10)Softest (1) - Hardest (10)
Identifying MineralsIdentifying Minerals Crystal systemsCrystal systems
cubiccubic tetragonaltetragonal hexagonal hexagonal
orthorhombicorthorhombic monoclinicmonoclinic triclinic triclinic
Identifying MineralsIdentifying Minerals
BreakageBreakageCleavage - breaks along flat Cleavage - breaks along flat surfacessurfaces
Fracture – breaks in an irregular Fracture – breaks in an irregular wayway