minerals
DESCRIPTION
Let’s Review…. Minerals. Mineral Identification. Mineral Definition:. Naturally occurring Solid Orderly crystal structure Definite chemical composition 5. Inorganic. How Minerals Form (4 Major Processes). Crystallization of Magma. 2. Precipitation (evaporated H 2 O). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Minerals
Let’s Review…
Mineral Identification
![Page 2: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Mineral Definition:
1.Naturally occurring2.Solid3.Orderly crystal structure4.Definite
chemical composition
5. Inorganic
![Page 3: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
How Minerals Form(4 Major Processes)
![Page 4: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1.Crystallization of Magma
![Page 5: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. Precipitation (evaporated H2O)
![Page 6: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
3. High Pressure & Temperature
![Page 7: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
4. Hydrothermal Solutions
![Page 8: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Rocks
![Page 9: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Rock Cycle DrawingDraw, label, and color a diagram of the rock cycle.
Make sure that you include all of the following terms…
Types of Rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, MetamorphicIngredients: Magma, SedimentsProcesses: 1. Weathering & erosion 2. heat & pressure3. melting 4. cooling 5. compaction & cementation
![Page 10: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
What’s the difference between weathering &
erosion?
rock
![Page 11: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Weathering the breaking down of rocks at
Earth’s surface
Erosion – the transportation of weathered
material by wind, water, ice, or other agent.
![Page 12: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Rocks • Naturally occurring solid material
made of one or more minerals• Grouped into 3 main types, based
on the way it was formed• Types of Rocks Brain Pop
Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic
![Page 13: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IGNEOUS ROCKS
•Formed from magma that cools and hardens
•“Fire Formed”
![Page 15: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fact:
•75% of Earth’s surface is
sedimentary rock!
![Page 17: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
How Sedimentary Rocks are made:
1. Weathering:Existing rocks are broken down by chemical or physical means to create sediments.
2. Erosion: sediments are removed by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
3. Deposition: erosion energy becomes too weak to carry the sediments and they are “dropped”.
4. Compaction: Pressure placed in sediment layers cause them to change to rocks.
5. Cementation: sediments are joined together (cemented) by minerals dissolved in water.
6. Strata :Layers of sediments go through the process and a rock forms over time.
![Page 18: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphism:• Changing of one type of rock in to
another due to - 1. Tremendous heat2. Great pressure3. Chemical reactions ( a change in
composition of minerals)
![Page 20: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The Rock Cycle
Rock Cycle Brain Pop
![Page 21: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IGNEOUS ROCKS: 2 types
• Intrusive rocks:– formed deep within Earth
–Magma “intrudes” into existing rock
• Extrusive rocks:– formed from lava at Earth’s surface
–Lava cools quickly in air
![Page 22: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IGNEOUS ROCKS: texture1. Fine grained
2. Coarse grained
3. Glassy4. Porphyritic
Cools fast, small crystals
Cools slow, large crystals
Lava cools rapidly at surface
Minerals cool at different rates
![Page 23: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
IGNEOUS ROCKS: porphyry(POR-fuh-ree)
• Igneous rock with a mixture of large and small crystals
![Page 24: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
•Granitic: –Light-colored
–Rich in silica
–Less dense
•Basaltic:–Dark-colored
–Rich in iron–More dense
Igneous Rocks: Compostion
* Major rocks of the crust
![Page 25: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
![Page 27: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Scoria
![Page 31: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Igneous Intrusion
Granitic or Basaltic?
![Page 32: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Oldest layers on the bottom
Youngest layers on the top
![Page 33: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sedimentary rocks usually form in water
•Ripple marks and mud cracks
![Page 34: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sedimentary Rocks: Classified by
• Composition• Texture• Grain size
![Page 35: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Types:1.Clastic2.Organic3.Chemical
![Page 36: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
1. Clastic Rocks
•Formed by broken pieces or fragments of rock
•Classified according to size and shape of fragments
![Page 37: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Clastic RocksConglomerates:• Made of rounded pebbles and
other rocks of different sizes and cemented together by clay, mud ,or sand
• Formed when rivers deposit large pieces of rock
• Pieces of rock rounded by water before deposited
![Page 38: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Conglomerate:
![Page 39: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Clastic Rocks
Breccia:•Similar to conglomerates, but fragments are sharp and angular
•Not carried far enough by water to round the edges
![Page 40: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Breccia:
![Page 41: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Clastic Rocks
Sandstone:•Made of small, sand-sized grains•Very common•Resistant to wear and decay•Used to make buildings
![Page 42: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sandstone:
![Page 43: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Clastic Rocks
Mudrock: •Formed from small particles of clay•Example: shale
![Page 44: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
shale
![Page 45: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
shale
![Page 46: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
2. Organic Rock
•Formed directly or indirectly from material that used to be living
![Page 47: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Fossils often preserved in sedimentary rocks
![Page 48: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Organic Rock
Fossilized Limestone:•Shells from dead animals (containing calcium carbonate) that sink to bottom of ocean floor
![Page 49: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Limestone:
![Page 50: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Organic Rock
Chalk:•Composed of animals and calcium carbonate that have been pressed together
![Page 51: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Chalk
![Page 52: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Organic Rock
Coal:•Rock formed from plants that lived millions of years ago
![Page 54: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
3. Chemical Rock
•Formed by chemical means that do not involve any living organisms
•Can occur through evaporation or chemical action
![Page 55: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Chemical Rock
Limestone: •Formed directly from ocean water instead of organisms
![Page 56: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Chemical Limestone:
![Page 57: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Chemical Rock
Rock salt:•Natural form of common table salt •Ex: Halite
![Page 58: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Chemical Rock
Rock gypsum:
![Page 60: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Contact Metamorphism• Occurs when rocks are heated by contact
with magma or lava• Covers a small area
Types of Metamorphism:
![Page 61: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Types of Metamorphism:
2. Regional Metamorphism:• Occurs when rocks are buried
deep beneath Earth’s surface and changed by increase in temperature and pressure
• Covers a large area
![Page 62: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Metamorphic Rock: Classification
1. Foliated Texture:Mineral crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands (flatten under pressure)
Slate Shale
![Page 63: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Foliated Texture:
Gneiss
Granite
![Page 64: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Foliated Texture:
phyllite:
![Page 65: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Foliated Texture:
gneiss:
![Page 66: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Metamorphic Rock: Classification
2. Unfoliated Texture:• No bands of crystals • Don’t break in layers• Most contain only one mineral
![Page 67: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Unfoliated Texture:
Marble
Limestone
Calcite crystals
![Page 68: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
quartzite
Unfoliated Texture:
![Page 69: Minerals](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062809/5681595b550346895dc69774/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
COOKIES ROCK!! LAB1. Vanilla
Wafer
2. Chocolate Chip
3. Fudge Stripe
4. Sugar Wafer
• Igneous• Sedimentary• Metamorphic
For Each Cookie:
1)Name of Cookie
2)Characteristics
3)Rock Type
4)Why did you choose this?